Pengujian Program Mindfulness Singkat untuk Menurunkan Penunda-nundaan Skripsi pada Mahasiswa
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the ability of brief mindfulness-based program on reducing academic procrastination. Hypotheses of this study was that there is difference of declining level of procrastination between participants of program (i.e. experimental group) compared to non-participants (i.e. control group). Students were recruited as participants of study (N = 21) and divided non-randomly into experimental group (n = 11) and control group (n = 10). For the ethics reason, control group treated as waiting-list. Academic procrastination level was measured by Tes Kegunaan Subjektif Skripsi (TKSS). Data analysis showed there was no significant difference in the TKSS score of experimental group and control group (U = 39; z = -1,127; nE = 11; nK = 10; p = 0,260). It was clear that brief mindfulness-based program cannot reduce academic procrastination in undergraduate thesis writing.
Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.41765
References
Baer, R. A (2003) Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology Science & Practice,10: 125–143. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg015
Baer, R. A., Smith, G.T., & Allen, K. B. (2004) Assesment of mindfulnesss by self repost: The Kentucky inventory mindfulness skill. Assesment,11: 191 – 206. doi: 10.1177/1073191104268029
Barnard, L.K. and Curry, J.F. (2011) Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, and Interventions. Review of General Psychology, 15, 289-303. doi: 10.1037/a0025754.
Bränström, R., Kvillemo, P., Brandberg, Y., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2010) Self-report mindfulness as a mediator of psychological well-being in a stress reduction intervention for cancer patients—A randomized study. Annals of Behaviroal Medicine, 39: 151–161. doi: 10.1007/s12160-010-9168-6
Burka, J. B., & Yuen, L. M. (2008) Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it now (rev. ed.) Cambrige: Da Capo Press.
Campbell, D.T. & Stanley, J.C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago: Rand-McNally.
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A (2007) Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 23-33. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9130-7
Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Curtiss, J., & Klemanski, D. H. (2014). Observing non-reactively: A conditional process model linking mindfulness facets, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 165: 31–37
Djing, S. T. (2010). Pengembangan alat ukur penunda-nundaan pengerjaan skripsi. (Desertasi). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
De Bruin, E L., Topper, M., Muskens, J. G. A. M., Bögels, S. M., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2012) Psychometric properties of the five facets mindfulness questionnaire (ffmq) in a meditating and a non-meditating sample. Assessment, 19(2): 187–197.
Fachrudin, D. (2016) Program mindfulness untuk meningkatkan kesejateraan subjektif perawat. (Tesis) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Ferrari, J. R., & Díaz-Morales, J. F. (2014). Procrastination and mental health coping: A brief report related to students. Individual Differences Research, 12(1): 8–11.
Ferrari, J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995a) An overview of procrastination. Dalam penulis (Eds) Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Springer. Ferrari,
J. R., Johnson, J. L., & McCown, W. G. (1995b) Procrastination research: A synopsis of existing research perspectives. Dalam penulis (Eds) Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research, and treatment. New York: Springer.
Flett, G. L., Stainton, M, Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, S. B., & Lay, C. (2012) Procrastination automatic thoughts as a personality construct: An analysis of the procrastinatory cognitions inventory. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavioral Therarpy. doi 10.1007/s10942-012-0150-z
Finger, M. S., & Rand, K. L. (2003). Chapter two: Addressing validity concerns in clinical psychology research. Dalam Michael C. Roberts, M. V. & Ilardi, S. S.,(Ed) Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology. Malden, MA: Blacwell Publishing.
Fortney, L., Luchterhand, C., Zakletskaia, L., Zgierska, A., & Rakel, D. (2013). Abbreviated mindfulness intervention for job satisfaction, quality of life, and compassion in primary care clinicians: A pilot study. Annals of Family Medicine, 11(5): 412 – 420. doi:10.1370/afm.1511
Germer, C. K (2005) Mindfulness: What is it? What does it matter? Dalam Germer, C. K., Siegel, R. D., & Fulton, P. R. (Ed.) Mindfulness and psychotherapy (1st ed.) (hal 3–27). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Glick, D. M., Millstein, D. J., & Orsillo, S. M. (2014) A preliminary investigation of the role of psychological inflexibility in academic procrastination. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3:81–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.002
Hartono, V. E. K. (2016) Program peningkatan regulasi diri berbasis mindfulness untuk menurunkan gangguan stres pasca trauma pada penyitas kdrt. (Tesis) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Hölzel, B.K., Ott, U., Gard, T., Hempel, H., Weygandt, M., Morgen, K., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3, 55–61. doi:10.1093/scan/nsm038
Humphrey, P., & Harbin, J., (2010). An exploratory study of the effect of rewards and deadlines on academic procrastiantion in web-based classes. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 14(4): 91–97.
Idhom, A. M. (2015, 31 Mei). Ini alasan rektor ugm menolak penghapusan skripsi. Tempo. Diakses dari: http://m.tempo.co/
Jain, S., Swanick, S., Roesch, S.C., Mills, P.J., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G.E. (2007) A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33:11–21.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go there you are. New York: Hyperion. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Context: Past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and practice, 10(2): 144–156. doi: 10.1093/clipsy/bpg016
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness (50th Anniversary ed.). New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks.
Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D.B. (2009). Evaluation of mindful sport performance enhancement (mpse): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 4: 334-356
Keng, L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012) Mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction: Self-compassion and mindfulness as mediators of intervention outcomes Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 26(3): 270 – 280. doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270.
Kenneth G. Rice, Greg J. Neimeyer, Jennifer M. Taylor. (2011). Efficacy of Coherence Therapy in the Treatment of procrastination and perfectionsm. Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation Journal, 2(2), 126-136. doi: 10.1177/2150137811417975.
Klingsieck, K. B. (2013) Procrastination in different life-domains: Is procrastination domain specific?. Current Psychology, 32:175–185. doi: 10.1007/s12144-013-9171-8.
Knaus, W. (2010). End procrastination now! Get It done with a proven psychological approach. New York: McGraw Hill.
Luberto, C. M., Cotton, S., McLeish, A. C., Mingione, C. J., & O’Bryan, E. M. (2014). Mindfulness skills and emotion regulation: The mediating role of coping self-efficacy. Mindfulness, 5: 373–380. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0190-6.
Lykins, E. L. B., & Baer , R. A., (2009) Psychological functioning in a sample of long-term practitioners of mindfulness meditation. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 23 (3): 226 – 241.
Mackenzie, C.S., Poulin, P.A., & Seidman-Carlson, R. (2006). A brief-mindfulness based stress reduction intervention for nurses and nurse aides. Nursing Research, 19:105–9.
Maulia, D. (2011). Pelatihan belajar berdasar regulasi diri untuk menurunkan prokrastinaasi akademik pada mahasiswa. (Tesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Negara, P. S. (2013). Hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, impulsiveness, mood, timing of rewards, and punishments, dan task aversiveness dengan prokrastinasi akademik mahasiswa. (Tesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Nguyen, B., Steel, P., & Ferrari, J. R. (2013). Procrastination’s impact in the workplace and the workplace’s impact on procrastination. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 21(8): 388–399. doi: 10.1111/ijsa.12048.
Nicholson, L. & Scharff, L. F. V. (2007). The Effects of procrastination and self-awareness on emotional responses. Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research, 12(4): 139–145.
Ozer, B. U., Demir, A., & Ferrari, J. R. (2009). Exploring academic procrastination among turkish students: Possible gender differences in prevalence and reasons. The Journal of Social Psychology, 149(2), 241–257. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.149.2.241-257.
Ozer, B. U., Demir, A., & Ferrari, J. R. (2013). Reducing academic procrastination through a group treatment program: A pilot study. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 31:127–135. doi: 10.1007/s10942-013-0165-0
Peper, E., Harvey, R., Lin, I., & Duvvuri, P. (2014). Increase productivity, decrease procrastination, and increase energy. Biofeedback, 42(2): 82–87, doi: 10.5298/1081-5937-42.2.06
Peters, J. R. & Erisman, S. M., Upton, B. T., Baer, R. A., & Roemer, L. (2011) A preliminary investigation of the relationships between dispositional mindfulness and impulsivity. Mindfulness, 2: 228–235. doi: 10.1007/s12671-011-0065-2.
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 60 Tentang Pendidikan Tinggi (1999). Primasari, T. A. (2016) Menikmati setiap moment: Meningkatkan subjective well-being remaja melalui program mindfulness remaja (prima). (Tesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Priyudha, P. A. (2016) “Program young mindful warrior” untuk meningkatkan regulasi diri remaja yang mengalami adiksi game online. (Tesis). Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Pychyl, T. A. (2014). Procrastination: Why mindfulness Is crucial?. Psychology Today. Diakses dari https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/dont-delay/ tanggal 15 Agustus 2015.
Rahimi, L., Ahmadean, H., Moslemi, B., Ghaderi, N., Khoshroei, M., (2014) The efficacy of mindfulness based stress reduction on the procrastination reduction nurses city of marivan. Zanko Journal Medical Science, 15(46): 29–39.
Ritonga D. A. (2012) Dinamika Prokrastinasi Mahasiswa Dalam Proses Menulis Skripsi. (Tesis) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Rozental, A., & Carlbring, P. (2013). Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 2, e46. doi: 10.2196/resprot.2801
Rozental, A., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Understanding and treating procrastination: A review of a common self-regulatory failure. Psychology, 5, 1488–1500. doi: 10.4236/psych.2014.513160
Rozental, A., Forsström, D., Nilsson, S., Rizzo, A., & Carlbring, P. (2014). Group versus Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for procrastination: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 1: 84–89. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.05.005
Sani, F. & Todman, J. (2006) Experimental design and statistics for psychology: A first course. [Versi Adobe Electronic Digital] ISBN: 1-4051-0024-9
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D. & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference.
Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Sherlyn S. Jimenez, Barbara L. Niles , Crystal L. Park. (2010). A mindfulness model of affect regulation and depressive symptoms: Positive emotions, mood regulation expectancies, and self-acceptance as regulatory mechanisms. Journal of Personality and Individual Diferences. 49 (2010), 645-650. doi : 10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.041
Siaputra, I. B., Prawitasari, J. E., Hastjarjo, T. D., & Azwar, S. (2011). Subjective and projective measures of thesis writing procrastination: Real world and the sims world.
Anima, 26(2): 128 – 149. Sirois, F. M. (2014) Procrastination and stress: Exploring the role of self-compassion. Self & Identity, 13(2): 128–145. doi: 10.1080/15298868.2013.763404.
Sirois, F. & Pychyl, T.A. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short-term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7: 115-127. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12011.
Sirois, F. & Pychyl, T.A. (2016). Porcrastination, emotion regulation, and well-being. Dalam Penulis (Ed) Procrastination, health, and well-being.
Sirois, F. M., & Tosti, N. (2012). Lost in the moment? An investigation of procrastination, mindfulness, and well-being. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 30: 237–248. doi: 10.1007/s10942-012-0151-y.
Solomon, L. J., & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4): 503–509. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.31.4.503.
Stahl, B. & Goldstein, E. (2009). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publication, Inc Steel,
P.D.G. (2002) The measurement and nature of procrastination. (Tesis). University of Minnesota,
Minnesota. Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1): 65–94. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
Steel, P. (2012) The procrastination equation: How to stop putting things off and start getting stuff done. New York; HarperCollins.
Steel, P. & Konig, C. J. (2006) Integrating theories of motivation. Academic Management Review, 31(4):889–913.
Szabo, T. G., Long, D. M., Villatte, M., & Hayes, S. C. (2015) Mindfulness in contextual cognitive‑behavioral models. Dalam Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (Ed) Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997) Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological science, 8(6): .454–458. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x
VanVaugt, M. K. (2015), Cognitive benefits of mindfulness meditation. Dalam Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (Ed) Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Veresova, M. (2013). Procrastination, stress, and coping among primary school teachers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106(20): 2131–2138. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.243.
Watkins, E. R. (2015) Mindfulness in the context of processing mode theory. Dalam Brown, K. W., Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (Ed) Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Wei, M., Tsai, P., Lannin, D. G., Du, Y., & Tucker, J. R. (2015) Mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and counseling self-efficacy: Hindering self-focused attention as a mediator. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(1): 39–63. doi: 10.1177/0011000014560173
Wohl, M. J. A., Pychyl, T. A., & Bennet, S. H. (2010). I forgive myself, now i can study: How self-forgiveness for procrastinating can reduce future procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 48: 803–808. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.029.
Widyatmoko, C. S. (2010) Terapi berdasar psikoedukasi dan mindfulness untuk menigkatkan gairah dan bangkitan seksual pada perempuan. Tesis. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Tang, Y. & Posner, M. I (2015) Mindfulness in the context of the attention system. Dalam Brown, K. W.,
Creswell, J. D., & Ryan, R. M. (Ed) Handbook of mindfulness: Theory, research, and practice. New York: The Guilford Press.
Zeidan F., Johnson, S. K., Diamond, B. J., David, Z., & Goolkasian, P. (2010) Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training. Consciousness and Cognition, 19: 597–605. doi: 10.1016/ j.concog.2010.03.014.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
* Corresponding Author
