Pelatihan Teknik Asertivitas untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem Korban Bullying
Abstract
training to improve bullying victims’ self-esteem. This study was a quasi experiment with
untreated control group with pre-test and double post-test design. The data were
collected by using adaptation instrument of Peer Interactions in Primary School (PIPS)
Questionnaire, assertiveness scale, and self-esteem scale. The subjects were 18 students in
4 th -5 th grade who are indicated as bullying victims and have self-esteem scores categorized
in low to moderate levels (8 students in experimental group and 10 students in control
group). The result of the Mann Whitney U test showed that there was no difference in
self-esteem scores between the experimental and control group during the pretest (p >
0.05). After being treated, the differences in self-esteem scores were significant with Z = -
3.113; p = 0.002 (p < 0,01) between the experimental group and control group, in which the
mean score of self-esteem in the experimental group was higher than the control group
Keywords
DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.32313
References
Akbari, B., Mohamadi, J., & Sadeghi, S. (2012). Effect of assertiveness training methods on self-esteem and general self-efficacy female students of Islamic Azad University, Anzali Branch. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(3), 2265-2269.
Aluede, O., Kenny, M. C., & McEachern, A. G. (2005). Peer victimization in schools: An international perspectives. New-Delhi, India: Kamla-Raj Enterprises.
Aluedse, O. (2006). Bullying in schools: A form of child abuse in schools. Educational Research Quarterly, 30(1), 37-49.
Anyamene, A., Chinyelu, N., & Ezeani, N. (2016). Effects of assertive training on the low self-esteem of secondary school students in Anambra State. Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 4(1), 65-78. doi: 10.15640 /jpbs.v4n1a7
Arseneault, L., & Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’? Psychological Medicine, 40, 717-729. doi: 10.1017/S0033 291709991383 Bagwell, C. L., & Schimdt, M. E. (2007).
The protective role of friendship in overtly and relationally victimized boys and girls. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53, 439-460. doi: 10.1353/mpq.2007.0021.
Bayat, M., & Kashani, P. A. (2010). The effect of social skills training (assertiveness) on assertiveness and self-esteem increase of 9 to 11 years-old female students in Tehran, Iran. World Applied Sciences Journal, 9(9), 1028-1032.
Boulton, M. J., & Fox, C. L. (2003). Evaluating the effectiveness of a social skills training programme for victims of bullying. Educational Research, 45(3), 231–247. doi: 10.1080/ 001318 8032 000 137238
Bradshaw, C. P., O’Brennan, L. M., & Waasdorp, T. E. (2014). Strengthening bullying prevention through school staff connectedness. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 870-880. doi: 10.1037/a0035957
Buelga, S., Cava, M., & Ortega-Baron, J. (2016). The influence of school climate and family climate among adolescents victim of cyberbullying. Media Education Journal, 24(46), 57-65. doi: 10.3916/C46-2016-06
Campbell, D. T., Cook, T. D., & Shadish, W. R. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference.
Denver: Houghton Mifflin. Cook, J. L. (2011). Strength within: Impacts of an assertiveness training curriculum on the self-esteem of elementary students with learning disabilities. (Disertasi). Capella University, Kansas.
Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. United States of America: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Cowie, H., & Sharp, S. (1994). Empowering pupils to take positive action against bullying. Dalam S. Sharp & P. K. Smith (Eds.), School bullying: Insights and perspectives (hal. 108-131). London:
Routledge. Cowie, H., Sharp, S., & Smith, P. K. (1994). How to respond to bullying behavior. Dalam S. Sharp & P. K. Smith (Eds.), Tackling bullying in your school: A practical handbook for teachers (79-102). New York: Routledge.
Damanik, S. H. (2014). Rancangan modul pelatihan teknik asertivitas dalam meningkatkan kemampuan asertif pada remaja korban bullying. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.
Dashtbozorgi, B., Sani, H. K., Setoodeh, G., & Tavakoli, P. (2014). The influence of assertiveness training on self-esteem in female students of government high schools of Shiraz, Iran: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing Practice Today, 1(1), 17-23.
Espelage, D. L., Low, S. K., & Polanin, J. R. (2014). Teacher and staff perceptions of school environment as predictors of student aggression, victimization, and willingness to intervene in bullying situations. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 287-305. doi: 10.1037/spq0000072
Fachrosi, E. (2015). Laporan kasus kelompok praktek kerja profesi psikologi. Manuskrip tidak dipublikasikan, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Feldman, R. D., Olds, S. W., & Papalia, D. E. (2002). A Child’s World: Infancy Through Adolescence (9th Edition). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Henrich, C. C., Meyers, J., & Varjas, K. (2009). Urban middle school students’ perceptions of bullying, cyberbullying, and school safety. Journal of School Violence, 8(2), 159-176. doi:http:10.1080/153882208 02074165
Huffman, L. C., & Tarshis, T. P. (2007). Psychometric properties of the Peer Interactions in Primary School (PIPS) questionnaire. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 28, 125-132. doi: 10.1097/01.DBP.0000 267562. 11329.8f
Hutzell, K. L., & Payne, A. A. (2012). The impact of bullying victimization on school avoidance. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 10(4), 370-385. doi: 10.1177/154120401 2438926
Jayanti, T. (2012). Mengurangi perilaku siswa tidak tegas melalui pendekatan REBT dengan teknik assertive training. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counselings: Theory and Application, 1(1), 1-5.
Juvonen, J., & Nishina, A. (2005). Daily reports of witnessing and experiencing peer harassment in middle school. Child Development, 76, 435-450. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00855.x
Juvonen, J., & Schacter, H. L. (2015). The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions. Developmental Psychology, 51, 841-847. doi: 10.1037/dev0000016
Koiv, K. (2012). Social skills training as a mean of improving intervention for bullies and victims. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 45, 239-246. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro. 2012.06.560
Lesbassa, J. (2014). Peran empati dan self-esteem dalam memprediksi kecenderungan menjadi pelaku cyberbullying pada remaja. (Tesis tidak dipublikasikan). Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Mruk, C. J. (1999). Self-Esteem: Research, theory, and practice. London: Free Association Books. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school. Great Britain: Hartnolls Ltd., Bodmin. Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7), 1171-1190. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01 229.x
Petermann, F., & vonMarees, N. (2010). Gender differences, age trends and influence of parents’ migration and educational backgrounds. School Psychology International, 31(2), 178-198. doi: 10.1177/0143034309352416
Rajabi, S., & Sobhi-Gharamaleki, N. (2010). Efficacy of life skills training on increase of mental health and self-esteem of the students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1818-1822. doi: 10.1016/j. sbspro.2010.07.370
Rigby, K. (1996). Bullying in school: What to do about it. Melbourne: Acer. Rigby, K. (1997). Bullying in school – and what to do about it. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Rigby, K. (2003). Consequences of bullying in schools. Can J Psychiatry, 48, 583-590.
Tannous, F. G. (2015). The effectiveness of assertiveness training in improving self-esteem among a sample of students with low emotional-behavioral traits. International Journal of Adult and Non Formal Education, 3(1), 55-61.
Veenstra, R., Lindenberg S, Oldehinkel AJ, De Winter AF, Verhulst FC, Ormel J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, 41(4), 672-682. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649. 41.4.672
Wahyuningrum, A. (2015). Laporan kasus kelompok praktek kerja profesi psikologi. Manuskrip tidak dipublikasikan, Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2016 Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.