* Corresponding Author
Relationship between high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) and subclinical condyloma acuminata (CA) in the cervix of high-risk women
https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005402202206 Benjamin Ricardo Rubirosa Lumban Tobing(1*), Richard Hutapea(2), Kristina Nadeak(3)
(1) Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(2) Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(3) Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Medan, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by both high- and low risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Subclinical CA looks like a white spot after an acetic acid test. High-risk women are women who have a high risk of STIs, including CA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between high-risk HPV and subclinical CA in the cervix of high-risk women. This was a cross-sectional analytic study involving 30 high-risk women. The age, the age at first sexual intercourse, the frequency of sexual intercourse, the number of sexual partners and the use of condoms were recorded. Subclinical CA was diagnosed by the 5% acetowhite test. HPV infection was detected by PCR. Kruskal Wallis test was conducted to evaluate the relationship between variables and the results were considered to be significant if p<0.05. The HPV infection was detected in 15 high-risk women with subclinical CA and most subjects showed the high-risk type. No significantly relationship between age and using of condom with high-risk HPV or with subclinical CA (p> 0.05). No significantly relationship between age at first sexual intercourse and frequency of sexual intercourse with high-risk HPV was also observed (p> 0.05), however, a significantly relationship with subclinical CA was observed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there is a relationship between high-risk HPV and subclinical CA in the cervix of high-risk women.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Winer RL, Koutsy LA. Genital human papilloma virus infection. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Stamn WE, Piot P, Wasserheit J, Corey L, et al., eds. Sexually transmitted disease. 4th eds. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008. 490-501.
2.Androphy EJ, Kirnbauer R. Human papilloma virus infection. In : Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, Wolff K, eds. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. 8th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2012. 2421-33.
3.Goldstone S, Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Giuliano AR, Moreira Jr ED, Aranda C, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis 2011; 203(1):66-74.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq016
4.Patel H, Wagner M, Singhal P, Kathari S. Systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of genital warts. BMC Inf Dis 2013; 13:39.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-39
5.Baken LA, Koutsky LA, Kuypers J, Kosorok MR, Lee SK, Kiviat NB, et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex partners: prevalence and type-specific concordance. J Infect Dis 1995; 171(2):429-32.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/171.2.429
6.Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 4th ed. Jakarta: Interna Publishing; 2014.
7.Moscicki AB, Hills N, Shiboski S, Powell K, Jay N, Hanson E, et al. Risk for incident human papillomavirus infection and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion development in young females. JAMA 2001; 285(23):2995-3002.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.23.2995
8.World Health Organization. Regional office for the Western Pacific. Guidelines for HIV/AIDS, STI, and behavioural risk factors surveillance: Pacific Island countries and areas. WHO Regional Office for Western Pacific, 2000.
Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/strategic/wpr_surv_pac00.pdf.
9.Mayo Clinic. Genital warts. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER), 2005. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.com.
10.Anderson RM. Transmission dynamics of sexually transmitted infections. In: Stanberry L, and Bernstein D, eds. Sexually transmitted diseases. Cambridge: Academic Press, 2000. 25-37.
11.Tyring SK. Human papillomavirus infections: epidemiology. pathogenesis and host immune response. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43(1 Pt 2):S18-26.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2000.107807
12.Amo JD, Gonzalez C, Losana J, Clavo P, Munos L, Ballesteros J, et al. Influence of age and geographical origin in the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus in migrant female sex workers in Spain. Sex Transm Infect 2005; 81(1):79-84.
https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2003.008060
13.Daili SF, Nilasari H, Makes WIB, Zubier F, Rowawi R, Pudjiati SR. Infeksi menular seksual. 5th ed. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2017.
14.Daili SF, Make WIB, Zubier F. Infeksi menular seksual. 3th ed. Jakarta: Balau Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indon, 2005.
15.Aswar A. Karakteristik pasien kondiloma akuminata di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Periode 1 Januari 2008-31 Desember 2011. [Skripsi] Medan: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012.
16.Latheresia EE. Karakteristik pasien kondiloma akuminata pada anogenital dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Periode Januari 2012-Desember 2017. [Tesis]. Medan: Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin FK Universitas Sumatra Utara, 2019.
17.Lorincz AT, Reid R. Association of human papillomavirus with gynecologic cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1989; 1(1):123-32.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00001622-198910000-00030
18.Hyun JS, Kim GB, Choi BS, Kim MS, Park SG. Giant anal condyloma (giant condyloma acuminatum of anus) after allogenic bone marrow transplantation associated with human papillomavirus: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2015; 9:9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-9-9
19.Okunade KS, Nwogu CM, Oluwole AA, Ornalu RI. Prevalence and risk factors for genital high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women attending the out-patient clinics of a university teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 28:227.
https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2017.28.227.13979
20.Cossellu G, Fedele L, Badaoui B, Angiero F, Farronato G, Monti E, et al. Prevalence and concordance of oral and genital HPV in women positive for cervical HPV infection and in their sexual stable partners: an Italian screening study. PLoS ONE 2018; 13(10):e0205574.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205574.
21.Peixoto AP, Campos GS, Queiroz LB, Sardi SI. Asymptomatic oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with a histopathologic diagnosis of genital HPV. J Oral Sci 2011; 53(4):451-9.
https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.53.451
22.Badeeh MA, Zol-Fokar D, Ali E. Comparing different methods for diagnosis of human papilloma virus infection of the cervix in Egyptian women. EBWHJ 2016; 6:95-100.
23.Kumar B, Gupta S. The acetowhite test in genital human papillomavirus infection in men: what does it add? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001; 15(1):27-9.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00196.x
24.Santoso JT, Likes W. Colposcopic acetowhitening of vulvar lesion: a validity study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292(2):387-90.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3666-5
25.Yanofsky VR, Patel RV, Goldenberg G. Genital warts: a comprehensive review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2012; 5(6):25-36.
26.Giraldo P, Gonçalves AKS, Pereira SAS, Mazon SB, Gondo ML, Witkin SS. Human papillomavirus in the oral mucosa of women with genital human papillomavirus lesions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 126(1):104-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.09.009
27.Léonard B, Kridelka F, Delbecque K, Goffin F, Demoulin S, Doyen J, et al. A clinical and pathological overview of vulvar condyloma acuminatum, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:480573.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/480573
28.Hawkins MG, Winder DM, Ball SLR, Voughan K, Sonnex C, Stanley MA, et al. Detection of specific HPV subtypes responsible for the pathogenesis of condylomata acuminata. Virol J 2013; 10:137.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-137
29.Al-Awadhi R, Al-Mutairi N, Albatineh AN, Chehadeh W. Association of HPV genotypes with external anogenital warts: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19(1):375.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4005-4
30.Puspawati NMD, Sissy, Gotama D. A retrospective study of condyloma acuminate profile in outpatient clinic of dermato-venerology Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia period 2015-2017. BDV 2018; 1(1):1-3.
https://doi.org/10.15562/bdv.v1i1.1
31.Effendi A, Silvia E, Hernisa M. Analisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kondiloma akuminata di Poliklinik Kulit Dan Kelamin RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung Tahun 2016. J Ilmu Kedok Kesehat 2017; 4(1): 8-12.
32.Peder LD, Silva CM, Madeira HS, Malizan JA, Nascimento BL, Horvath JD, et al. Predictors associated with and the prevalence of condylomata acuminate infection among people in Southern Brazil. Rev Cienc Saude 2021; 11(1): 22-30.
https://doi.org/10.21876/rcshci.v11i1.1021
33.Tamer E, Cakmak SK, Ilhan MN, Artuz F. Demographic characteristics and risk factors in Turkish patients with anogenital warts. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9(5):661-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.12.009
34.Toral JAB. Prevalence of high-risk HPV in women with biopsy-proven condyloma acuminata. PJOG 2019; 43(1):34-9.
35.Nareswari A, Mawardi P, Kusumawardani A, Ellistasari EY. Gender differences in sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors among condyloma acuminate patients in Dr. Moewardi General Hospital Surakarta. Med J Kedok Kesehat 2020; 14(2):205-9.
https://doi.org/10.33533/jpm.v14i2.2169
36.Haseen F, Chawdhury FAH, Hossain ME, Huq M, Bhuiyan MU, Rahman DMM, et al. Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behavior among youth clients of hotel-based female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23(8):553-9.
https://doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2012.011373
37.Kang LN, Castle PE, Zhao FH, Jeronimi J, Chen F, Bansil P, et al. A prospective study of age trends of high risk human papillomavirus infection in rural china. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:96.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-96
38.Tay SK, Oon LLE. Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in heathy women is related to sexual behaviours and educational level: a cross-sectional study. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 25(14):1013-21.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462414528315
39.Chen Z, Meng W, Du R, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ding Y. Genotype distribution and the relative risk factors for human papillomavirus in Urumqi, China. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6(1):85-90.
https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1073
40.Juelg E, Busch M, Lueger A, Guenova E, Bergmayr MS, Hoetzenecker W. Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in condylomata acuminata: an Austrian cohort study. Dermatology 2019; 235(5):413-7.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000500908
41.Hasanzadeh M, Rejali M, Mehramiz M, Akbari M, Seresht LM, Yazdandoost Y, et al. The interaction of high and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes increases the risk of developing genital warts: a population-based cohort study. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120(8):12870-4.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.28557
42.Wen LM, Estcourt CS, Simpson JM, Mindel A. Risk factors for the acquisition of genital warts: are condoms protective? Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75(5):312-6.
https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.75.5.312
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005402202206
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3214
| 
views : 1981
Copyright (c) 2022 Benjamin Ricardo Rubirosa Lumban Tobing
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.