Innovative approach of nanoformula moisturizer applications in atopic dermatitis: a review

https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005302202112

Nyoman Suryawati(1*), Made Wardhana(2)

(1) Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali
(2) Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Bali
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The skin barrier defect is the first step in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Various therapeutic guidelines recommend using moisturizers to maintain the skin barrier and the prevention of AD. The use of a moisturizer in the form of barrier cream is considered to improve the skin barrier. However, this dosage form is occlusion and has an oily texture, resulting in patient noncompliance with therapy. Various techniques were developed to improve patient compliance in applying topical preparations, one of which is by developing nanotechnology. Recent studies aim to develop nanoformula preparations because they can help deliver drug molecules to specific targets with minimize side effects. The application of nanoformula moisturizer is promising in the management of AD because of its ability to reduce water loss and prevent irritation and produce formulations with a thinner texture to increase therapeutic compliance in AD patients.

 


Keywords


atopic dermatitis; moisturizer; nanoformula; nanosystem; nanomedicine;

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Correa MCM, Nebus J. Management of patients with atopic dermatitis: the role of emollient therapy. Dermatol Res Pract 2012; 2012:836931. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/836931
  2. Leung D, Lawrence F, Mark B. Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema). In: Goldsmith L, Katz S, Gilchrest B, Paller A, Leffell D, Wolff K, editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2012. 165-82.
  3. Choi J-H, Song Y-S, Lee H-J, Hong J-W, Kim G-C. Inhibition of inflammatory reactions in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene induced Nc/Nga atopic dermatitis mice by non-thermal plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27376. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27376
  4. Martel BC, Lovato P, Bäumer W, Olivry T. Translational animal models of atopic dermatitis for preclinical studies. Yale J Biol Med 2017; 90(3):389-402.
  5. Kakkar V, Saini K. Scope of nano delivery for atopic dermatitis. Ann Pharmacol Pharm 2017; 2(7):1-4.
  6. Hajar T, Leshem YA, Hanifin JM, Nedorost ST, Lio PA, Paller AS, et al. A systematic review of topical corticosteroid withdrawal (“steroid addiction”) in patients with atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72(3):541-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.024
  7. Sheary B. Steroid withdrawal effects following long-term topical corticosteroid use. Dermatitis 2018; 29(4):213-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000387
  8. Smith SD, Stephens AM, Werren JC, Fischer GO. Treatment failure in atopic dermatitis as a result of parental health belief. Med J Aust 2013; 199(7):467-9. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja12.10802
  9. Uchechi O, Ogbonna JDN, Attama AA. Nanoparticles for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery. In: Sezer AD, editor. Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery [Internet]. InTech; URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/application-of-nanotechnology-in-drug-delivery/nanoparticles-for-dermal-and-transdermal-drug-delivery, 2014 [cited 2019 Sep 8].
  10. Shukla T, Upmanyu N, Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Biomedical applications of microemulsion through dermal and transdermal route. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1477-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.021
  11. Zhang Y, Tu C, Wang S, Xiao S. Expression of skin barrier protein filaggrin in skin diseases without atopic dermatitis. J Biosci Med 2018; 06(01):101-12. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2018.61009
  12. Dainichi T, Kitoh A, Otsuka A, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Kaplan DH, et al. The epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Immunol 2018; 19(12):1286-98. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-018-0256-2
  13. Lin T-K, Zhong L, Santiago J. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19(1):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010070
  14. Egawa G, Kabashima K. Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy. Allergol Int 2018; 67(1):3-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2017.10.002
  15. Kim BE, Leung DYM. Significance of skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2018; 10(3):207-15. https://doi.org/10.4168/aair.2018.10.3.207
  16. Levin J, Friedlander SF, Rosso JQD. Atopic dermatitis and the stratum corneum. Part 1: the role of filaggrin in the stratum corneum barrier and atopic skin. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2013; 6(10):16-22.
  17. Kim JE, Kim JS, Cho DH, Park HJ. Molecular mechanisms of cutaneous inflammatory disorder: atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17(8):1234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081234
  18. Czarnowicki T, Krueger JG, Yassky EG. Novel concepts of prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis through barrier and immune manipulations with implications for the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139(6):1723-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.004
  19. Sehgal V. The impact of microanatomy and changing physiology of stratum corneum, the skin barrier, on evolution of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatitis 2019; 4(1):1-4. https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1436.19.4.116
  20. Darlenski R, Kazandjieva J, Tsankov N. Skin barrier function: morphological basis and regulatory mechanisms. J Clin Med 2011; 4:36-45.
  21. Thyssen JP, Kezic S. Causes of epidermal filaggrin reduction and their role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134(4):792-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.014
  22. Egawa G, Kabashima K. Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: Essential topics to prevent the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138(2):350-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.002
  23. Clausen ML, Agner T, Thomsen SF. Skin barrier dysfunction and the atopic march. Curr Treat Options Allergy 2015; 2(3):218-27.
  24. Mollanazar NK, Smith PK, Yosipovitch G. Mediators of chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis: getting the itch out? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 51(3):263-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-015-8488-5
  25. Lee K-S, Jeong E-S, Heo S-H, Seo J-H, Jeong D-G, Choi Y-K. A novel model for human atopic dermatitis: application of repeated DNCB patch in BALB/c mice, in comparison with NC/Nga mice. Lab Anim Res 2010; 26(1):95. https://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2010.26.1.95
  26. Takai T, Ikeda S. Barrier Dysfunction caused by environmental proteases in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2011; 60(1):25-35. https://doi.org/10.2332/allergolint.10-RAI-0273
  27. Levin J, Friedlander SF, Rosso JQD. Atopic Dermatitis and the stratum corneum. Part 2: Other structural and functional characteristics of the stratum corneum barrier in atopic skin. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2013; 6(11):49-54.
  28. Egawa G, Weninger W. Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: A short review. Ginhoux F, editor. Cogent Biology [Internet]. https://www.cogentoa.com/article/ 10.1080/23312025.2015.1103459, 2015 Oct 20 [cited 2018 Jul 5];1(1).
  29. Kubo A, Amagai M. Skin barrier. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner A, Enk A, Margolis D, McMichael A, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education; 2019. 206-31.
  30. Novak N, Bieber T. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In: Reitamo S, Luger T, Steinhoff M, editors. Textbook of Atopic Dermatitis. 1st ed. London: CRC Press; 2008. 25-33.
  31. Maintz L, Novak N. Modifications of the innate immune system in atopic dermatitis. J Innate Immun 2011; 3(2):131-41. https://doi.org/10.1159/000323963
  32. Elmariah SB, Lerner EA. The missing link between itch and inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Cell 2013; 155(2):267-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.038
  33. Akiyama T, Lerner EA, Carstens E. Protease-activated receptors and itch. In: Cowan A, Yosipovitch G, editors. Pharmacology of Itch [Internet]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-44605-8_13,2015 [cited 2018 Nov 6].p. 219-35.
  34. Cianferoni A, Spergel J. The importance of TSLP in allergic disease and its role as a potential therapeutic target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10(11):1463-74. https://doi.org/10.1586/1744666X.2014.967684
  35. Wang J, Xing F. Human TSLP-educated DCs. Cell Mol Immunol 2008; 5(2):99-106. https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2008.12
  36. Rerknimitr P, Otsuka A, Nakashima C, Kabashima K. The etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: barrier disruption, immunological derangement, and pruritus. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41232-017-0044-7
  37. Berke R, Sing A, Guralnick M. Atopic dermatitis: an overview. Am Fam Physician 2012; 86(1):35-42.
  38. Raone B, Ravaioli G, Dika E, Neri E, Gurioli C, Patrici A. The use of emollients for atopic eczema. Austin J Allergy 2015; 2(1):1-11.
  39. Landriscina A, Rosen J, Friedman A. Nanotechnology, inflammation and the skin barrier: innovative approaches for skin health and cosmesis. Cosmetics 2015; 2(2):177-86. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2020177
  40. Marin E, Briceno M, George CC. Method to produce curcumin oil-in-water nanoemulsions as templates for drug carriers. J Biotechnol Biomater 2016; 06:1-8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000247
  41. Danole A, Kothali B, Apte A, Kulkarni A, Khot V, Patil A. Nanoparticles: an overview. Am J Pharmtech Res 2015; 5:1-31.
  42. Roberts M, Mohammed Y, Pastore M, Namjoshi S, Yousef S, Alinaghi A, et al. Topical and cutaneous delivery using nanosystems. J Control Release 2017; 247:86-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.022
  43. Dhanasekaran HR, Sharma CP, Haridoss P. Drug delivery nanosystems: an introduction. In: Sharma, editor. Drug Delivery Nanosystems for Biomedical Applications [Internet]. Elsevier; URL: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323509220000018, 2018 [cited 2020 Jan 8]. p. 1–12.
  44. Wu X, Guy RH. Applications of nanoparticles in topical drug delivery and in cosmetics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009; 19(6):371-84.
  45. Nastiti C, Ponto T, Abd E, Grice J, Benson H, Roberts M. Topical nano and microemulsions for skin delivery. Pharm 2017; 9(4):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics9040037
  46. Purohit DK, Nandgude TD, Poddar SS. Nano-lipid carriers for topical application: current scenario. Asian J Pharm 2016; 9(5):s1-9.
  47. Benson HAE, Mohammed Y, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Formulation effects on topical nanoparticle penetration. In: Hamblin M, Avci P, Prow T, editors. Nanoscience in Dermatology [Internet]. Elsevier; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128029268000094, 2016 [cited 2019 Sep 8]. p. 115–26.
  48. Guglielmini G. Nanostructured novel carrier for topical application. Clin Dermatol 2008; 26(4):341-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.05.004
  49. Shakeel F, Shafiq S, Haq N, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA. Nanoemulsions as potential vehicles for transdermal and dermal delivery of hydrophobic compounds: an overview. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9(8):953-74. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.696605
  50. Chellapa P, Mohamed AT, Keleb EI, Eid AM, Issa YS, Elmarzugi NA, et al. Nanoemulsion and nanoemulgel as a topical formulation. IOSR J Pharm 2015; 5(10):43-7.
  51. Dhawan S, Sharma P, Nanda S. Cosmetic nanoformulations and their intended use. In: Nanda A, Nguyen T, Slimani Y, NandaS, Rajendran S, editors. Nanocosmetics [Internet]. Elsevier; https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128222867000176, 2020 [cited 2020 Oct 2]. p. 141–69.
  52. Kaul S, Gulati N, Verma D, Mukherjee S, Nagaich U. Role of nanotechnology in cosmeceuticals: a review of recent advances. J Pharm 2018; 2018:3420204. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3420204
  53. Wissing SA, Müller RH. The influence of solid lipid nanoparticles on skin hydration and viscoelasticity: in vivo study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003; 56(1):67-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00040-7
  54. Berardesca E, Barbareschi M, Veraldi S, Pimpinelli N. Evaluation of efficacy of a skin lipid mixture in patients with irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis or atopic dermatitis: a multicenter study: evaluarion of a skin lipid mixture. Contact Dermatitis 2001; 45(5):280-5. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2001.450505.x
  55. Damiani G, Eggenhöffner R, Pigatto PDM, Bragazzi NL. Nanotechnology meets atopic dermatitis: current solutions, challenges and future prospects. Insights and implications from a systematic review of the literature. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:380-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.11.003
  56. Bernardi DS, Pereira TA, Maciel NR, Bortoloto J, Viera GS, Oliveira GC, et al. Formation and stability of oil-in-water nanoemulsions containing rice bran oil: in vitro and in vivo assessments. J Nanobiotechnol 2011; 9(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-9-44
  57. Nasrollahi SA, Ayatollahi A, Yazdanparast T, Samadi A, Hosseini H, Shamsipour M, et al. Comparison of linoleic acid-containing water-in-oil emulsion with urea-containing water-in-oil emulsion in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:21-8. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S145561



DOI: https://doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005302202112

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1627 | views : 2208


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2021 Nyoman Suryawati, Made Wardhana

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.