Calophyllum inophyllum: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties

https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.87488

Sofa Farida(1), Riris Istighfari Jenie(2), Nanang Fakhrudin(3*)

(1) *) Master of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Agency of Research and Innovation, Cibinong, Bogor 16915, West Java
(2) *) Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman 55281
(3) *) Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta *) Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Sleman 55281, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is reported to have ethnomedicinal benefits in traditional medicine systems. Leaves, fruit, seeds, flowers, stems, roots and essential oils are the parts that are often used. Previous scientific studies revealed that this plant part is a valuable resource of secondary metabolites and exhibits a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this review is to deliver thorough and detailed insights into the traditional uses, chemical ingredients, biology, and pharmacological studies as scientific evidence about the useful efficacy of C. inophyllum in the development of modern medicine. Traditional use shows C. inophyllum is widely used to treat skin diseases, wounds, boils, vaginal discharge, bleeding, gonorrhea, chronic bronchitis, sore eyes, heatstroke, and headaches. C. inophyllum is rich in phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, and terpenoids. Several research results show that C. inophyllum possesses a multitude of pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antidiabetic activities.


Keywords


Tamanu; biological activity; secondary metabolites; ethnopharmacology; drug discovery;

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abbas, J., Minarti, M., & Artanti, N. (2021). Antioxidant and antidiabetes activity from the fruit shell. 11–16.

Ahmad, N., Lesa, K. N., Sudarmanto, A., Fakhrudin, N., & Ikawati, Z. (2022). The role of Phosphodiesterase-1 and its natural product inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13(December), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.1070677

Ali, M. S., Mahmud, S., Perveen, S., Ahmad, V. U., & Rizwani, G. H. (1999). Epimers from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 50(8), 1385–1389. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00480-4

Aminudin, N. I., Ahmad, F., Taher, M., & Zulkifli, R. M. (2016). Incrassamarin A–D: Four new 4-substituted coumarins from Calophyllum incrassatum and their biological activities. Phytochemistry Letters, 16(January 2018), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.05.008

Arora, R. B., Mathur, C. N., & Seth, S. D. S. (1962). Calophyllolide, a complex coumarin anticoagulant from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14(1), 534–535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1962.tb11133.x

Artanti, A. N., Rahmawati, K. N., Rakhmawati, R., & Prihapsara, F. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antijamur Dari Kombinasi Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) Dengan Virgin Coconut Oil Dan Pengembangannya Sebagai Face Antibacterial Activities and Anti-Fungus From Combination Of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum Inophyll. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 17(02), 94–106.

Atabani, A. E., & César, A. D. S. (2014). Calophyllum inophyllum L. - A prospective non-edible biodiesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel production, properties, fatty acid composition, blending and engine performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 644–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.037

Baig, mirza danish, Basheeruddin, S., Silpa, S. A., & Reddy, vVenkateshwara a. (2014). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Leaf and Stem Barknof Calophyllum inophyllum on Albino Wistar Rats. Internationaljournal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, 6(2)(174–177), 174–177.

Bhat, S. G., Kane, J. G., & Sreenivasan, A. (1954). The in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of undi oil (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.). Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmaceutical Association, 43(9), 543–546. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.3030430908

Budiarti, M., & Sholihah, I. Y. M. (2018). Laporan Penelitian Pengembangan Bahan Baku Obat Antimalaria dan Antikanker berdasarkan Hasil Ristoja. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Canter, P. H., Thomas, H., & Ernst, E. (2005). Bringing medicinal plants into cultivation: Opportunities and challenges for biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology, 23(4), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.02.002

Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Thétiot-laurent, S., Culcasi, M., Ricquebourg, E., Asteian, A., Herbette, G., Bianchini, J., Raharivelomanana, P., Pietri, S., Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Thétiot-laurent, S., Culcasi, M., Ricquebourg, E., Cassien, M., Mercier, A., Th, S., Culcasi, M., & Ricquebourg, E. (2021). Improving the Antioxidant Properties of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Oil from French Polynesia : Development and Biological Applications of Resinous Ethanol-Soluble Extracts To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-03130041 Improving the Antioxidant Properties . 0–23.

Chan, K. M., Hamzah, R., Rahaman, A. A., Jong, V. Y. M., Khong, H. Y., Rajab, N. F., Ee, G. C. L., & Inayat-Hussain, S. H. (2012). The pyranoxanthone inophyllin A induces oxidative stress mediated-apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(8), 2916–2922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.048

Charinrat, S., Jasadee, K., Nattawut, L., & Arpa, P. (2021). Antioxidant in cosmeceutical products containing Calophyllum inophyllum oil. 1–9.

Dai, H. F., Zeng, Y. B., Xiao, Q., Han, Z., Zhao, Y. X., & Mei, W. L. (2010). Caloxanthones O and P: Two new prenylated xanthones from calophyllum inophyllum. Molecules, 15(2), 606–612. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15020606

Dorla, E., Grondin, I., Hue, T., Clerc, P., Dumas, S., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., & Laurent, P. (2019). Traditional uses, antimicrobial and acaricidal activities of 20 plants selected among Reunion Island’s flora. South African Journal of Botany, 122, 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.04.014

Dutta, S., & Ray, S. (2014). Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of leaf aqueous and methanolic extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum in relation to total phenol and flavonoid contents. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 5(3), 96915111.

Dweck, C., & Meadows, T. (2002). Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum) – the African, Asian, Polynesian and Pacific Panacea. Int J Cosmet Sci, 24(6), 341–348.

Ee, G. C. L., Mah, S. H., Rahmani, M., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Teh, S. S., & Lim, Y. M. (2011). A new furanoxanthone from the stem bark of Calophyllum inophyllum. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 13(10), 956–960. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2011.600248

Erdemir, A. (2021). Anti-proliferative and apoptosis inducing activity of Calophyllum inophyllum L . oil extracts on C6 glioma cell line. 30(1), 1–6.

Faisal, A. P., Nasution, P. R., Wakidi, R. F., & Medan, P. K. (2022). Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Daun Bintangur (Calophyllum Inophyllum L.) Terhadap Radikal Bebas DPPH. Antioxidant Activity Of Bintangur Leaves (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) Against DPPH Free Radical, 1 , 1. 4(1).

Fathani, I. J., & Miladiyah, I. (2021). Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Medicine and Health, 12(2), 166–174. https://doi.org/10.20885/JKKI.Vol12.Iss2art10

Gopalakrishnan, C., Shankaranarayanan, D., & Nazimudeen, S. K. (1980). Anti-inflammatory and C.N.S. depressant activities of xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum and Mesua ferrea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 12(3), 181–191.

Gupta, S., & Gupta, P. (2020). The genus Calophyllum: Review of ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Bioactive Natural Products in Drug Discovery, 215–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1394-7_5

Hamim, Romadlon, Z., & Dorly. (2019). Perkembangan Morfo-anatomi Bunga , Buah , dan Biji Nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum L ), Sebagai Tanaman Penghasil Biodisel Morpho-Anatomy Development of Flower , Fruit and Seed of Nyamplung ( Calophyllum inophyllum L ) as Biodiesel-Producing. Jurnal Sumberdaya HAYATI, 5(1), 1–10.

Hasibuan, S., Sahirman, & Yudawati, N. M. A. (2013). Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Antibakteri Hasil Purifikasi Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). AGRITECH, 33(3), 311–319.

Heinrich, M., & Gibbons, S. (2010). Ethnopharmacology in drug discovery: an analysis of its role and potential contribution. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 53(4), 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357011775712

Herlyanti, K., Fakhrudin, N., Murwanti, R., & Wahyono, A. (2023). Identification of Cubebin from Cubeb (Piper cubeba) as An Antiplatelet Agent. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 7(7), 3392–3397. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i7.17

Heyne, K. (1950). Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Diterjemahkan oleh Badan Litbang Kehutanan Jilid III Cetakan ke `1, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201300446

Hsieh, C., Lin, Y. W., Chen, C. H., Ku, W., Ma, F., Yu, H., & Chu, C. (2018). Yellow and green pigments from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seed oil induce cell death in colon and lung cancer cells. Oncology Letters, 15(4), 5915–5923. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8052

Iinuma, M., Tosa, H., Tanaka, T., & Yonemori, S. (1995). Two xanthones from roots of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 38(3), 725–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00733-A

Itoigawa, M., Ito, C., Tan, H. T. W., Kuchide, M., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H., & Furukawa, H. (2001). Cancer chemopreventive agents, 4-phenylcoumarins from Calophyllum inophyllum. Cancer Letters, 169(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00521-3

Jaiswal, N., Gunaganti, N., Maurya, C. K., Narender, T., & Tamrakar, A. K. (2015). Free fatty acid induced impairment of insulin signaling is prevented by the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid in skeletal muscle cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 746(January), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.049

Jantan, I., Mohd Yasin, Y. H., Jalil, J., Murad, S., & Idris, M. S. (2009). Antiplatelet aggregation activity of compounds isolated from Guttiferae species in human whole blood. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47(11), 1090–1095. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903008641

Kadir, R., Awang, K., Khamaruddin, Z., & Soit, Z. (2015). Chemical compositions and termiticidal activities of the heartwood from Calophyllum inophyllum L. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87(2), 743–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1764-0

Kartika, I. A., Cerny, M., & Vandenbossche, V. (2021). Optimisation of concurrent Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and separation. 2021(631), 84–91.

Khan, M. R., Kihara, M., & Omoloso, A. D. (2002). Antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum soulattri. Fitoterapia, 73(7–8), 741–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00242-3

Ku, W.-J., Lin, C.-J., & Lin, H. (2021). Protection Performance of Calophyllum inophyllum Seed Extracts : A Natural Ultraviolet Screening Agent. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20985650

Laure, F., Raharivelomanana, P., Butaud, J. F., Bianchini, J. P., & Gaydou, E. M. (2008). Screening of anti-HIV-1 inophyllums by HPLC-DAD of Calophyllum inophyllum leaf extracts from French Polynesia Islands. Analytica Chimica Acta, 624(1), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.046

Leksono, B., Sukartiningsih, Windyarini, E., Adinugraha, H. A., Artati, Y., Kwon, J., & Baral, H. (2021). Growth performance of Calophyllum inophyllum at a bioenergy trial plot in Bukit Soeharto Research and Education Forest , East Kalimantan. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 749 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012059

Lestari, N. W. D. I., Reslely, H., & Dewi, E. (2023). Activity Tests Of Sunscreen Emulgel Preparation of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Combined With Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (e-Journal), 3(2), 2775–3670. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v3i2.21225

Li, Y. Z., Li, Z. L., Yin, S. L., Shi, G., Liu, M. S., Jing, Y. K., & Hua, H. M. (2010). Triterpenoids from Calophyllum inophyllum and their growth inhibitory effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fitoterapia, 81(6), 586–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.02.005

Li, Z. L., Li, Y., Qin, N. B., Li, D. H., Liu, Z. G., Liu, Q., & Hua, H. M. (2016). Four new coumarins from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry Letters, 16, 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2016.04.015

Mah, S. H., Ee, G. C. L., Teh, S. S., & Sukari, M. A. (2015). Antiproliferative xanthone derivatives from Calophyllum inophyllum and Calophyllum soulattri. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(2), 425–429.

Muderawan, I. W., Ketut, N., & Daiwataningsih, P. (2016). ( CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLUM L . ) DAN ANALISIS METIL ESTERNYA DENGAN GC-MS.

Nguyen, V. L., Truong, C. T., Nguyen, B. C. Q., Van Vo, T. N., Dao, T. T., Nguyen, V. D., Thi Trinh, D. T., Huynh, H. K., & Bui, C. B. (2017). Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of calophyllolide isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. PLoS ONE, 12(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185674

Oku, H., Ueda, Y., Iinuma, M., & Ishiguro, K. (2005). Inhibitory effects of xanthones from Guttiferae plants on PAF-induced hypotension in mice. Planta Medica, 71(1), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-837760

Patil, A. D., Freyer, A. J., Eggleston, D. S., Haltiwanger, R. C., Bean, M. F., Taylor, P. B., Caranfa, M. J., Breen, A. L., Bartus, H. R., Johnson, R. K., Hertzberg, R. P., & Westley, J. W. (1993). The Inophyllums, Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Isolated from the Malaysian Tree, Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 36(26), 4131–4138. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00078a001

Perumal, S. S., Ekambaram, S. P., & Dhanam, T. (2017). In vivo antiarthritic activity of the ethanol extracts of stem bark and seeds of calophyllum inophyllum in freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1330–1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1226346

Prabakaran, K., & Britto, S. J. (2012). Biology, Agroforestry and Medicinal Value of Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Clusiacaea): A Review. International Journal of Natural Products Research, 1(2), 24–33.

Pramiastuti, O., Wahyuono, S., Fakhrudin, N., & Astuti, P. (2023). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma purpurascens Blume, A Review. Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.75891

Prasad, J., Maurya, C. K., Pandey, J., Jaiswal, N., Madhur, G., Srivastava, A. K., Narender, T., & Tamrakar, A. K. (2013). Diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells: Involvement of PI-3-Kinase- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 370(1–2), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.013

Prasad, J., Shrivastava, A., Khanna, A. K., Bhatia, G., Awasthi, S. K., & Narender, T. (2012). Antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activity of the constituents isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytomedicine, 19(14), 1245–1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.001

Pribowo, A., Girish, J., Gustiananda, M., Nandhira, R. G., & Hartrianti, P. (2021). Potential of Tamanu ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) Oil for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment. 2021.

Putra, I. M. W. A., Fakhrudin, N., Nurrochmad, A., & Wahyuono, S. (2023). A Review of Medicinal Plants with Renoprotective Activity in Diabetic Nephropathy Animal Models. Life, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020560

Raharivelomanana, P., Ansel, J. L., Lupo, E., Mijouin, L., Guillot, S., Butaud, J. F., Ho, R., Lecellier, G., & Pichon, C. (2018). Tamanu oil and skin active properties: From traditional to modern cosmetic uses. OCL - Oilseeds and Fats, Crops and Lipids, 25(5). https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018048

Rana, R., Amin, N. I., Naser, A. A., & Islam, N. (2017). Screening of Calophyllum inophyllum L . leaf extracts for cytotoxic , larvicidal , insect repellent and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(3), 612–616.

Safrina, U., & Murtini, G. (2021). Phytochemical Screening And Antioxidant Activity Of Nyamplung Seed Oils ( Calophyllum inophyllum L .) Jurusan Farmasi , Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II , Kebayoran Baru , Jakarta Selatan , 12120 Submitted : 3 th August 2020 ; Accepted : 5 th January 2021 SK. 11(2), 256–268.

Said, T., Dutot, M., Martin, C., Beaudeux, J. L., Boucher, C., Enee, E., Baudouin, C., Warnet, J. M., & Rat, P. (2007). Cytoprotective effect against UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress: Role of new biological UV filter. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 30(3–4), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2006.11.001

Saputra, T., Claratika, A., & Gunawan, S. (2014). Identifikasi kandungan Squalene dari Minyak Nyamplung (calophyllum inophyllum). Jurnal Teknik Pomits, 3(2), 151–153.

Saravanan, R., Dhachinamoorthi, D., Senthilkumar, K., Thamizhvanan, K., Saravanan, R., & Dhachinamoorthi, D. (2011). Antimicrobial activity of various extracts from various parts of Calophyllum inophyllum L . 01(03), 102–106.

Saxena, R. C., Nath, R., Palit, G., Nigam, S. K., & Bhargava, K. P. (1982). Effect of calophyllolide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, on capillary permeability. Planta Medica, 44(4), 246–248. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971459

Shanmugapriya, Chen, Y., Kanwar, J. R., & Sasidharan, S. (2017). Anticancer Activity and Molecular Mechanism of Polyphenol Rich Calophyllum inophyllum Fruit Extract in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 69(8), 1308–1324. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1367944

Shanmugrapriya, Chen, Y., Jothy, S. L., & Sasidharan, S. (2016). Research Journal of Pharmaceutical , Biological and Chemical Sciences Calophyllum inophyllum : A Medical Plant with Multiple Curative Values. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(4), 1446–1452.

Shen, Y. C., Hung, M. C., Wang, L. T., & Chen, C. Y. (2003). Inocalophyllins A, B and their methyl esters from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 51(7), 802–806. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.51.802

Spino, C., Dodier, M., & Sotheeswaran, S. (1998). Anti-HIV coumarins from calophyllum seed oil. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 8(24), 3475–3478. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-894X(98)00628-3

Subramanian, S. S., & Nair, A. G. R. (1971). Myricetin-7-glucoside from the andraecium of the flowers of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 10(7), 1679–1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(71)85049-5

Sukara, E. (2005). Keanekaragaman Hayati (Emas Hijau) Alternatif Bagi Indonesia Keluar Dari Krisis Multidimensi. Berita Biologi, 7(6), vii–xx.

Sulianti, S. R. I. B., Kuncari, E. S. R. I., & Chairul, S. M. (2006). Pemeriksaan Farmakognosi dan Penapisan Fitokimia dari Daun dan Kulit Batang Calophyllum inophyllum dan Calophyllum soulatri Phytopharmaceuticals and phytochemicals evaluation on leaves and bark of. 7, 25–29. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d070108

Sundur, S., Shrivastava, B., Sharma, P., Raj, S. S., & Jayasekhar, V. L. (2014). A Review Article Of Pharmacological Activities And Biological Importance Of Calophyllum inophyllum. 2(12), 599–603.

Susanto, D. F., Aparamarta, H. W., Widjaja, A., Jadid, N., & Gunawan, S. (2019). Heliyon Isolation and identi fi cation of cholestane and dihydropyrene from Calophyllum inophyllum. Heliyon, 5(July), e02893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02893

Sutrisno, A. J., Diandasari, G., & Rahmandari, A. V. (2020). Kapasitas Pohon Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum L .) dan Pohon Spathodea (Spathodea Campanulata) Dalam Menjerap Debu. Jurnal Planologi. 17(1),88–95. https://doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v17i1.5197

Taylor, P. B., Culp, J. S., Debouck, C., Johnson, R. K., Patil, A. D., Woolf, D. J., Brooks, I., & Hertzberg, R. P. (1994). Kinetic and mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibition by inophyllums, a novel class of non- nucleoside inhibitors. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(9), 6325–6331.https://doi.org/10.1016/s002

1-9258(17)37375-1

Tiaravista, A. G., Putri, L. W., Nurrochmad, A., Widyarini, S., & Fakhrudin, N. (2023). Evaluation of the Antithrombotic Activity of Acmella oleracea L . Flower Ethanol Extract. https://doi.org/10.18196/jfaps.v4i1.19055

Tsai, S. C., Liang, Y. H., Chiang, J. H., Liu, F. C., Lin, W. H., Chang, S. J., Lin, W. Y., Wu, C. H., & Weng, J. R. (2012). Anti-inflammatory effects of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in RAW264.7 cells. Oncology Reports, 28(3), 1096–1102. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2012.1873

Udarno, L., & Tjahyana, B. E. (2019). MORFOLOGI DAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN NYAMPLUNG ( Calophyllum inophyllum LINN ). In Bunga Rampai Tanaman Industri Potensial Biodesel dan Bioetanol (pp. 59–64). Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri.

Xiao, Q., Zeng, Y. B., Mei, W. L., Zhao, Y. X., Deng, Y. Y., & Dai, H. F. (2008). Cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 10(10), 993–997. https://doi.org/10.1080/10519990802240387

Yimdjo, M. C., Azebaze, A. G., Nkengfack, A. E., Meyer, A. M., Bodo, B., & Fomum, Z. T. (2004). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents from Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochemistry, 65(20), 2789–2795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.024

Yuniastuti, E., Anjani, I., Nandariyah, & Delfianti, M. N. I. (2021). Morphological characterization of Calophyllum Inophyllum as a biodiesel Morphological characterization of Calophyllum Inophyllum as a biodiesel. The 5th International Conference on Climate Change 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/724/1/012026

Zakaria, M. Bin, Ilham, Z., & Muhamad, N. A. (2014). Anti-inflammatory Activity of Calophyllum Inophyllum Fruits Extracts Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calophyllum inophyllum Fruits Extracts. Procedia Chemistry, 13(December), 218–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.12.031.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.87488

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2333 | views : 1181

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Majalah Obat Tradisional

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Majalah Obat Tradisional (Traditional Medicine Journal)
 ISSN 2406-9086
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada