* Corresponding Author
KAJIAN TOTAL DAYA TAMPUNG BEBAN PENCEMARAN HARIAN MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN QUAL2K UNTUK PENCEMAR BOD, TSS, AMMONIA, FOSFAT DAN NITRAT DI SUNGAI KAMPUNG BUGIS (Study of Total Maximum Daily Load Using QUAL2K Modelling for BOD, TSS, Ammonia, Phosphate)
https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18507 Eko Sugiharto(1*), Christian Widya Purnama Setyabudi(2), Endang Astuti(3)
(1) Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Jl. Lingkungan Budaya, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281
(2) Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Jl. Lingkungan Budaya, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281
(3) Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Jl. Lingkungan Budaya, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan studi untuk mengetahui kualitas air serta memprakirakan beban pencemar di Sungai Kampung Bugis Kota Tarakan Kalimantan Utara. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah dengan simulasi pemodelan QUAL2K serta metode perhitungan Total Beban Tampung Maksimum Harian. Berdasar hasil studi, dinyatakan bahwa kandungan pencemar khususnya BOD dan NH3 di Sungai Kampung Bugis melebihi Baku Mutu Lingkungan (BML). Hal serupa didapat dari hasil pemodelan QUAL2K, dinyatakan bahwa Sungai Kampung Bugis tidak dapat menampung beban pencemar TSS, BOD dan NH3. Namun demikian, beban pencemar lainnya yaitu NO3 dan PO4 masih berada pada batas normal, di bawah nilai BML. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi menggunakan QUAL2K, dapat diprediksi bahwa pola persebaran pencemar untuk masing-masing pencemar di Sungai Kampung Bugis pada setiap ruas dari hulu menuju hilir tidak merata, kecuali pada PO4 dan NO3. Hasil perhitungan total beban maksimum harian pencemar adalah BOD 90,32 kg/hari, TSS 73,77 kg/hari, NH35,11 kg/hari, PO40,03 kg/hari dan NO3sebesar 5,75 kg/hari.
ABSTRACT
Determination and prediction studies on water quality as well as on the number of pollutant load in Kampung Bugis River, Tarakan, South Borneo were studied. The approaching methods used were modelling simulation with QUAL2K and calculating method with Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). Based on the result of study, the number of pollutants in Kampung Bugis River were exceeding the environmental quality standards especially for BOD and NH3. However, for other pollutants, PO4 and NO3 were on normal level, below than the environmental quality standard. Simulation results by QUAL2K stated that the prediction of dispersion pattern for each pollutant from the headwaters to downstream were uneven, except for PO4 and NO3. In addition, the load capacity results for BOD, TSS, NH3, PO4 and NO3 were 90.32; 73.77; 5.11; 0.03 and 5.75 kg/day, respectively.
Keywords
Full Text:
Artikel lengkap (PDF) (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Astono, W., Saeni, M.S., Lay, B.W., dan Soemarto, S. 2008. Pengembangan Model DO-BOD dalam Pengelolaan Kualitas Air Sungai Ciliwung. Forum Pascasarjana. 31(1):37-45. Borah, D. K., Yagow, G., Saleh, A., Barnes, P. L., Rosenthal, W., Krug, E. C., dan Hauck, L. M. 2006. Sediment and Nutrient Modeling for TMDL Development and Implemetation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 49(4): 967−986. Burack, T. S., Walls, M. J., Stewart, H. T. dan Edwardson, K. 2010. 2012 Section 305(b) and 303(d) Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology. State of New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services. Concord, N. H. BPLH Kota Tarakan. 2012. Laporan Data Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Kota Tarakan 2012. Pemerintah Kota Tarakan, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Chapra, S., Pelletier, G dan Tao, H. 2008. QUAL2K: A Modeling Framework for Simulating River and Stream Water Quality, Version 2.11: Documentation and Users Manual. Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept., Tufts University, Medford, MA. Copeland, C. 2012. Clean Water Act and Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress. Congressional Research Service. Washington, DC. Doraja, P. H., Shovitri, M., dan Kuswytasari, N. D. 2012. Biodegradasi Limbah Domestik Dengan Menggunakan Inokulum Alami Dari Tangki Septik. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS. 1(1):44-47. Fakhraei, H. dan Karimi-Jashni, A. 2010. Assessment of weirs in dissolve oxygen (DO) level in Kor River. 5th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. Harmayani, K.D dan Konsukartha, I.G.M. 2007. Pencemaran Air Tanah Akibat Pembuangan Limbah Domestik di Lingkungan Kumuh (Studi Kasus Banjar Ubung Sari, Kelurahan Ubung). Jurnal Permukiman Natah. 5(2):62-108. Hassanin, S.A.K. 2007. Evaluation of Water Quality of ELNASR-3 Main Drain in Egypt Using QUAL2K Model. Eleventh International Water Technology Conference, IWTC11 2007 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Monoarfa, W. 2002. Dampak Pembangunan Bagi Kualitas Air di Kawasan Pesisir Pantai Losari Makassar. Sci&Tech. 3(3):37-44. Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 01 Tahun 2010 tentang Tata Laksana Pengendalian Pencemaran Air. Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup. Raini, M., Isnawati, A., dan Kurniati. 2004. Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Air PAM di Jakarta, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi Tahun 1999-2001. Media Litbang Kesehatan 14(3):14-19). Reckhow, K. H. 2001. Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management. Committee to Assess the Scientific Basis of the Total Maximum Daily Load Approach to Water Pollution Reduction. The Governing Board of the National Research Council. Washington, D.C. Romayanto, M. E. W., Wiryanto, dan Sajidan. 2006. Pengolahan limbah domestik dengan aerasi dan penambahan bakteri Pseudomonas putida. Bioteknologi 3(2):42-49. Salvai, A. dan Bezdan, A. 2008. Water Quality Model QUAL2K in TMDL Development. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Water Management Novi Sad, Serbia. Smith, R. F. 2000. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for Fecal Coliform Bacteria in the Waters of Duck Creek in Mendenhall Valley, Alaska. United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 10. Seattle, Washington. Sudarwin. 2008. Analisis Spasial Pencemaran Logam Berat (Pb dan Cd) pada Sedimen Aliran Sungai dari Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Jatibarang Semarang. Tesis. Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan. Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Susanto, B., Krisdianto, dan Nur, H. S. 2009. Kajian kualitas air sungai yang melewati kecamatan gambut dan aluh aluh Kalimantan Selatan. Bioscientiae, 6(1):40-50. Sylvester, S. L. 2013. TMDL Development and Implementation Guidance: Integrating the WPDES and Impaired Waters Programs Edition No. 2, Guidance Number: 3400-2013-02. Wastewater Policy &Management Team, Water Resources Policy&Management Team. Bureau of Water Quality Program Guidance, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Wisconsin. Tim Pelaksana Kebijakan. 2008. Pemanfaatan dan Konservasi Ekosistem Lahan Rawa Gambut di Kalimantan. Jurnal Pengembangan Inovasi Pertanian, 1(2):149-156. US. EPA. 2001. Protocol for Developing Pathogen TMDLs. EPA 841-R-00-002. Office of Water (4503F). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. Yonky, I dan Rahardyan, ,N.A. 2002. Penilaian Kualitas Air di DAS dengan Penutupan Lahan Hutan Pinus Untuk Monitoring dan Evaluasi (Monev) Pengelolaan DAS. Prosiding Seminar “Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pengelolaan DAS”. Surakarta.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jml.18507
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2919
| 
views : 2674
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan
JML Indexed by:
