Characteristics of Rapid Visco Analyzer Carrageenan Extract with Enzymatic Pretreatment of Kappaphycus striatum

https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.76994

Hendrawan Laksono(1*), Citra Kusumaning Dyah(2), Renny Primasari Gustia Putri(3), Maya Soraya(4), Heri Purwoto(5)

(1) Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
(2) Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
(3) Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
(4) Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
(5) Research Center for Agroindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, 15314, Banten, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Carrageenan is a polysaccharide compound extracted from red seaweed and is widely used by food, cosmetic, and advanced materials industries because of its good properties as an environmentally friendly stabilizer. Carrageenan extraction generally uses alkaline treatment for one full day, where the treatment is to obtain carrageenan quality with good gel characteristics. The use of cellulase enzymes is thought to accelerate the desulfuration process of seaweed, where cellulase enzymes are used to break down cellulose in seaweed cell walls. By using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), carrageenan was tested to see the pattern and viscosity value. This study aims to determine the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on the profile of carrageenan with a shorter alkalization process compared to the alkalization commonly used by the industry. The results showed that enzymatic treatment before KOH alkalization would produce a carrageenan profile with a viscosity value of 272-360 cP, whereas the NaOH alkalization only reached 19-24 cP. The results of the test using RVA showed that the addition of an enzymatic process could change the physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and gel point of the carrageenan alkalinized with KOH. However, there was no significant difference in the properties when treated by alkalization using NaOH, which can be described from the value of the gelling point of carrageenan treated by cellulose enzyme. Adding enzymes to KOH will accelerate the gelation process, which occurs at an average temperature of 42.78oC. Meanwhile, carrageenan without enzymatic addition has an average gelation value of 37.48oC.


Keywords


Carrageenan, Extraction, Enzyme, Rapid Visco Analyzer

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ahmed, E.M., 2015. “Hydrogel: Preparation, characterization, and applications: A review.” J. Adv. Res. 6, 105–121.

AOAC., 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analitycal Chemist. AOAC Inc, 185-189.

Balet, S., Guelpa, A., Fox, G., and Manley, M., 2019. “Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) as a Tool for Measuring Starch-Related Physiochemical Properties in Cereals: a Review.” Food Anal. Methods 12, 2344–2360.

Blanco-Pascual, N., Alemán, A., Gómez-Guillén, M.C., and Montero, M.P., 2014. “Enzyme-assisted extraction of κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan from Mastocarpus stellatus for obtaining bioactive ingredients and their application for edible active film development.” Food Funct 5, 319–329.

Bhernama, B.G., 2019. “Perbandingan Penggunaan Pelarut Alkali (KOH dan NaOH) Terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Rumput Laut Merah (Eucheuma cottonii, sp) Asal Aceh Jaya.” AMINA 1, 59–66.

Chen, Y., Liao, M.L., and Dunstan, D.E., 2002. “The rheology of K+-κ-carrageenan as a weak gel.” Carbohydr. Polym. 50, 109–116.

De Araújo, I.W.F., Rodrigues, J.A.G., Vanderlei, E.D.S.O., de Paula, G.A., Lima, T.D.B., and Benevides, N.M.B., 2012. “Iota-carrageenans from Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta) and their effects in the inflammation and coagulation.” Acta Sci. Technol. 34, 127–135.

De Oliveira, V.A.V., dos Santos Alves, K., da Silva-Junior, A.A., Araújo, R.M., Balaban, R.C., and Hilliou, L., 2020. “Testing carrageenans with different chemical structures for water-based drilling fluid application.” J. Mol. Liq. 299, 112139.

Distantina, S., Fadilah, F., Danarto, Y.C., Wiratni, W., and Fahrurrozi, M., 2021. “Pengaruh Kondisi Proses pada Pengolahan Eucheuma cottonii Terhadap Rendemen dan Sifat Gel Karagenan.” Ekuilibrium 8, 35–40.

Diharmi, A., Rusnawati, and Irasari, N., 2019. “Characteristic of carrageenan Eucheuma cottonii collected from the coast of Tanjung Medang Village and Jaga Island, Riau.” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 404.

Ega, L.E., 2016. “Kajian Mutu Karaginan Rumput Laut Eucheuma Cottonii Berdasarkan Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Pada Tingkat Konsentrasi Kalium Hidroksida (Koh) Yang Berbeda.” J. Apl. Teknol. Pangan 5.

Ejaz, U., Sohail, M., and Ghanemi, A., 2021. “Cellulases: From Bioactivity to a Variety of Industrial Applications.” Biomimetics 6, 44.

Elvia, D., and Yuni, H.T., 2015. Pembuatan Karagenan dari Eucheuma cottonii Dengan Ekstraksi KOH Menggunakan Variabel Waktu Ekstraksi. Pros. SEMNASTEK.

Falshaw, R., Bixler, H.J., and Johndro, K., 2001 “Structure and performance of commercial kappa-2 carrageenan extracts I . Structure analysis” Food Hydrocolloids 15, 441-452.

Hannan, M.A., Zakaria, M., Bhuiyan, A.H., and Khandaker, S., 2014. “Comparative Study of Chmeically and Mechanically Signed Knit Fabric.” Int Res J Eng Technol 3, 675-679.

Hidayah, R., Harlia, Gusrizal, and Sapar, A., 2013. “Optimasi Konsentrasi Kalium Hidroksida Pada Ekstraksi Karaginan Dari Alga Merah (Kappaphycus.” Jkk 2, 78–83.

Jiang, F., Liu, Y., Xiao, Q., Chen, F., Weng, H., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., and Xiao, A., 2022. “Eco-Friendly Extraction , Structure , and Gel Properties of ι -Carrageenan Extracted Using Ca ( OH )2.” Mar. Drugs 20, 419.

Laksono, H., Kurniati, M., Sari, Y.W., and Winarti, C., 2021. “The Effect of Variation of Raw Material Ratio on Hydrogel Based on K-Carrageean - Acrylamide as a Carrier of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer.” Reaktor 21, 103–108.

Naseri, A., Jacobsen, C., Sejberg, J.J.P., Pedersen, T.E., Larsen, J., Hansen, K.M., and Holdt, S.L., 2020. “Multi-Extraction and Quality of Protein and Carrageenan from Commercial Spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum).” Foods 9.

Odian, G., 2004. “Principles of Polymerization.” Princ. Polym.

Oliveira, J.T., and Reis, R.L., 2008. “Hydrogels from polysaccharide-based materials: Fundamentals and applications in regenerative medicine.” Nat. Polym. Biomed. Appl. 485–514.

Pacheco-Quito, E., Ruiz-Caro, R., and Veiga, M., 2020. "Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications." Mar. Drugs 18, 583.

Pralisa Putri, N., Susandy Sanjaya, A., Kartika Sari, N., Puspita Sari, R., and Bindar, Y., 2018. “Carrageenan Extracted from Eucheuma cottonii Through Variant of Drying Time.” MATEC Web Conf. 156.

Rhein-Knudsen, N., Ale, M.T., and Meyer, A.S., 2015. “Seaweed Hydrocolloid Production: An Update on Enzyme Assisted Extraction and Modification Technologies.” Mar. Drugs 13, 3340.

Rhein-Knudsen, N., Ale, M.T., Rasmussen, S., Kamp, S.K., Bentil, J.A., and Meyer, A.S., 2018. “Alkaline extraction of seaweed carrageenan hydrocolloids using cocoa pod husk ash.” Biomass Convers. Biorefinery 8, 577–583.

Rika, D., Rosyidah, A., Ermavitalini, D., and Koentjoro, M.P., 2020. “Cellulase Pretreatment of Kappaphycus alvarezii polymer for Promising Medical Dressing Application” Proceeding Surabaya International Health Conference 2019, 1(1) 99–107.

Robledo, D., and Freile Pelegrín, Y., 1997. “Chemical and mineral composition of six potentially edible seaweed species of Yucatan.” Bot. Mar. 40, 301–306.

Saputra, S.A., Yulian, M., and Nisah, K., 2021. “Karakteristik dan Kualitas Mutu Karaginan Rumput Laut di Indonesia.” Lantanida J. 9.

Sulistiawati, S., Ain, N.H., Uju, and Tarman, K., 2019. “Characterization of refined carrageenan from Kappaphycus alvarezii extracted using marine fungi.” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 404.

Tarman, K., Sadi, U., Santoso, J., and Hardjito, L., 2020. “Carrageenan and its Enzymatic Extraction.” Encycl. Mar. Biotechnol. 147–159.

Tasende, Manuel García, J.M.-H., 2016. “Carrageenan Properties and Applications: A Review.” Nov. Sci. Publ. 17-49.

Uy, S.F., Easteal, A.J., Farid, M.M., Keam, R.B., and Conner, G.T., 2005. “Seaweed processing using industrial single-mode cavity microwave heating: a preliminary investigation.” Carbohydr. Res. 340, 1357–1364.

Varadarajan, S.A., Ramli, N., Ariff, A., Said, M., and Yasir, S.M., 2009. “Development of high yielding carragenan extraction method from Eucheuma Cotonii using cellulase and Aspergillus niger” Prosiding Seminar Kimia Bersama UKM-ITB VIII 461–469.

Young, N.W.G., 2003. “Fruit Preparations Danisco A/S.Danisco‟s Hydrocolloid Diagnostics with the RVA™”. RVA Word The Technical journal of Newport Scientific 21,1.

Young, N.W.G., 2007. “Nonstarch Applications” - Hydrocolloids, In: The RVA Handbook (Crosbie, G.B. and Ross, A.S. (eds.) AACC International, St. Paul, MN, 85-94.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.76994

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1710 | views : 1748

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering  (print ISSN 1655-4418; online ISSN 2655-5409) is published by Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada.