Artikel penelitian
Vol 16 No 1 (2022): Volume 16, Number 1, 2022
Perbandingan jenis media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja proses peruraian anaerob termofilik palm oil mill effluent
Program Studi Bioteknologi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Teknika Utara, Kocoran, Depok, Sleman Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Mlati, Sleman Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Program Studi Bioteknologi, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Teknika Utara, Kocoran, Depok, Sleman Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Abstrak
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) merupakan limbah cair dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi sebagai bahan baku produksi biogas melalui peruraian anaerob. Dalam peruraian anaerob, efek washout selalu menjadi masalah seiring dengan meningkatnya organic loading rate (OLR) pada sistem kontinu. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penambahan media imobilisasi untuk mengurangi risiko tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jenis dan pengaturan media imobilisasi terhadap kinerja peruraian anaerob termofilik POME. Dua media imobilisasi yang diuji yaitu media jenis carbon fiber textile (CFT) dan media berupa partikel zeolit alam. Kinerja proses anaerob ditentukan dengan mengukur konsentrasi asam lemak volatil (VFA), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) dan yield metana (CH4). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reaktor dengan media imobilisasi menghasilkan yield CH4 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Yield CH4 reaktor dengan zeolit alam sebesar 0,3487 L/g sCOD, 0,3050 L/g sCOD pada reaktor dengan media CFT dan 0,2873 L/g sCOD pada reaktor tanpa media imobilisasi. Selain itu, hanya zeolit alam yang dapat mempertahankan performa reaktor saat mengalami gangguan peningkatan suhu secara tiba-tiba dengan masa recovery selama 14 hari.
Referensi
An T, Zhou L, Li G, Fu J, Sheng G. 2008. Recent Patents on Immobilized Microorganism Technology and Its Engineering Application in Wastewater Treatment. Recent Patents on Engineering. 2(1):28–35. doi:10.2174/1872212087 83478543.
Cahyono RB, Ismiyati S, Ginting SB, Mellyanawaty M, Budhijanto W. 2018. Characterization of modified zeolite as microbial immobilization media on POME anaerobic digestion. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 316(1):012070. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/316/1/01 2070.
Chin MJ, Poh PE, Tey BT, Chan ES, Chin KL. 2013. Biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Opportunities and challenges from Malaysia’s perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 26:717–726. doi:10.1016/j.rser.201 3.06.008.
Ciezkowska M, Bajda T, Decewicz P, Dziewit L, Drewniak L. 2020. Effect of Clinoptilolite and Halloysite Addition on Biogas Production and Microbial Community Structure during Anaerobic Digestion. Materials. 13(18):4127. doi: 10.3390/ma13184127.
Demirel B, Yenigün O. 2002. The Effects of Change in Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) Composition onMethanogenic Upflow Filter Reactor (UFAF) Performance. Environmental Technology. 23(10):1179–1187. doi:10.1080/09593332308618 336.
Djalma Nunes Ferraz Júnior A, Wenzel J, Etchebehere C, Zaiat M. 2014. Effect of organic loading rate on hydrogen production from sugarcane vinasse in thermophilic acidogenic packed bed reactors. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 39(30):16852–16862. doi:10.1016/j.ij hydene.2014.08.017.
Eş I, Vieira JDG, Amaral AC. 2015. Principles, techniques, and applications of biocatalyst immobilization for industrial application. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 99(5):2065–2082. doi:10.1007/s00253-015-6390-y.
Garritano AN, Faber MdO, De Sá LR, Ferreira-Leitão VS. 2018. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) as raw material for biohydrogen and methane production via dark fermentation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 92(March 2017):676–684. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.031.
Indriyati I. 2018. PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR ORGANIK SECARA BIOLOGI MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR ANAEROBIK LEKAT DIAM. Jurnal Air Indonesia. 1(3):340–343. doi: 10.29122/jai.v1i3.2361.
Jamali NS, Dzul Rashidi NF, Jahim JM, O-Thong S, Jehlee A, Engliman NS. 2019. Thermophilic biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent: Effect of immobilized cells on granular activated carbon in fluidized bed reactor. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 117:231–240. doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.07.012.
Khadaroo SN, Grassia P, Gouwanda D, Poh PE. 2020. The impact of thermal pretreatment on various solid-liquid ratios of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for enhanced thermophilic anaerobic digestion performance. Journal of Cleaner Production. 261(September 2019):121159. doi:10.1016/ j.jclepro.2020.121159.
Lim A, Chew JJ, Ngu LH, Ismadji S, Khaerudini DS, Sunarso J. 2020. Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption Isotherm, and Kinetic Study of Oil Palm Trunk-Derived Activated Carbon for Tannin Removal from Aqueous Solution. ACS Omega. (44):28673–28683. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c038 11.
Mansor UQA, Yahya A, Shafie NFA, Roslan QI, Manshor NM, Som AM, Nour AH, Hassan Z, Yunus RM. 2017. An Overview of Anaerobic Treatment Processes Performance Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)-Past, Present and Future. Advanced Science Letters. 23(5):4179–4183. doi: 10.1166/asl.2017.8238.
Mellyanawaty M, Alfiata Chusna FM, Nofiyanti E. 2019. Proses Peruraian Anaerobik Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Media Zeolit Termodifikasi. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. (1):16. doi:10.22146/jrekpros.39206.
Montalvo S, Guerrero L, Borja R, Sánchez E, Milán Z, Cortés I, Angeles de la la Rubia M. 2012. Application of natural zeolites in anaerobic digestion processes: A review. Applied Clay Science. 58:125–133. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2012.01.013.
O-Thong S, Suksong W, Promnuan K, Thipmunee M, Mamimin C, Prasertsan P. 2016. Two-stage thermophilic fermentation and mesophilic methanogenic process for biohythane production from palm oilmill effluent withmethanogenic effluent recirculation for pH control. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 41(46):21702–21712. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.095.
Pörtner R, Faschian R. 2019. Design and Operation of FixedBed Bioreactors for Immobilized Bacterial Culture. In: Growing and Handling of Bacterial Cultures. IntechOpen. p. 1–12. doi:10.5772/intechopen.87944.
Sasaki K, Morita M, Hirano Si, Ohmura N, Igarashi Y. 2009. Effect of adding carbon fiber textiles to methanogenic bioreactors used to treat an artificial garbage slurry. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 108(2):130–135. doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.03.003.
Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 2018a. 5220 chemical oxygen demand (COD). In: Lipps W, Baxter T, BraunHowland E, editors.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: APHA Press. doi:10.2105/SMWW.2882.103. Standard Methods Committee of the American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. 2018b. 5560 organic and volatile acids. In: Lipps W, Baxter T, Braun-Howland E, editors.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: APHA Press. doi:10.210 5/SMWW.2882.103. Suzana CuSM, Claudia M, A M, Larissa Guedes Fiuacute za MCo, Ra TdS. 2013. Immobilization of microbial cells: A promising tool for treatment of toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater. African Journal of Biotechnology. 12(28):4412–4418. doi:10.5897/AJB12.2677.
Verbelen PJ, De Schutter DP, Delvaux F, Verstrepen KJ, Delvaux FR. 2006. Immobilized yeast cell systems for continuous fermentation applications. Biotechnology Letters. (19):1515–1525. doi:10.1007/s10529-006-9132-5.
Vindis P, Mursec B, Stajnko D. 2009. The Comparison of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion. In: DAAAM International Scientific Book 2009. volume 36. DAAAM International Vienna. p. 192–198. doi:10.2507/daaa m.scibook.2009.27.
Wang Q, Yang Y, Yu C, Huang H, Kim M, Feng C, Zhang Z. 2011. Study on a fixed zeolite bioreactor for anaerobic digestion of ammonium-rich swine wastes. Bioresource Technology. 102(14):7064–7068. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04 .085.
Wijesinghe DTN, Dassanayake KB, Scales PJ, Sommer SG, Chen D. 2018. Effect of Australian zeolite on methane production and ammonium removal during anaerobic digestion of swine manure. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 6(1):1233–1241. doi:10.1016/j.jece .2018.01.028.
Zdarta J, Meyer A, Jesionowski T, Pinelo M. 2018. A General Overview of Support Materials for Enzyme Immobilization: Characteristics, Properties, Practical Utility. Catalysts. (2):92. doi:10.3390/catal8020092.
Żur J, Wojcieszyńska D, Guzik U. 2016. Metabolic Responses of Bacterial Cells to Immobilization. Molecules. 21(7):958. doi:10.3390/molecules21070958.
