Artikel penelitian
Vol 14 No 2 (2020): Volume 14, Number 2, 2020
Peningkatan kualitas pelet tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui torefaksi menggunakan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB)
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Climate Change Research Division, Korean Institute of Energy Research Daejon, 34129, Republic of Korea
Climate Change Research Division, Korean Institute of Energy Research Daejon, 34129, Republic of Korea
Climate Change Research Division, Korean Institute of Energy Research Daejon, 34129, Republic of Korea
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung Jl. Sumantri Brojonegoro 1, Bandar Lampung, 35145
Abstrak
Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Saat ini bahan tersebut masih dianggap sebagai sumber daya bernilai ekonomi rendah. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dikonversi menjadi bioenergi melalui proses torefaksi. Torefaksi merupakan proses pirolisis ringan pada suhu berkisar antara 200 dan 300 °C dan umumnya dilakukan di bawah kondisi inert. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh torefaksi dengan reaktor Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) terhadap sifat-sifat pelet TKKS. Torefaksi dilakukan pada suhu 280 °C dengan waktu tinggal 4 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi menyebabkan penurunan kadar air kesetimbangan dan menjadi hidrofobik setelah torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB. Perbaikan sifat higroskopis dapat membuat pelet TKKS lebih stabil terhadap oksidasi kimia dan degradasi mikroba, sehingga pemanasan sendiri dan pembakaran spontan selama penyimpanan dapat dicegah. Nilai kalor biomassa meningkat setelah torefaksi. Torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB menghasilkan nilai kalor 17,90 MJ/kg, yang sebanding dengan hasil torefaksi oksidatif dengan waktu tinggal lebih lama, sebesar 18,28 MJ/kg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa torefaksi dengan reaktor COMB dapat meningkatkan kualitas energi pelet TKKS. Tetapi pelet TKKS masih memiliki kadar abu yang tinggi sehingga biomassa hasil torefaksi belum sesuai untuk cofiring di pembangkit listrik atau sebagai bahan baku untuk gasifikasi.
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