Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Research article

Vol 12 No 1 (2018): Volume 12, Number 1, 2018

Sintesis dan karakterisasi silika tersulfatasi dari sekam padi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.34362
Submitted
November 16, 2023
Published
June 30, 2018

Abstract

In this work, sulphated silica (SiO2/SO3-H+) has been synthesized from rice husk through sol-gel method. Characterization with IR spectrophotometers showed similar peak between silica and sulphated silica. Silica typical bands consisting of strain O-H, bending water molecules, and asymmetric vibrations of silica atoms present in the siloxane appear at the peak of the analysis showing that silica synthesis of rice husk has been successfully performed. The modification of silica with sulphuric acid was not confirmed by IR spectrophotometers because the S-OH strain of sulphate ions overlaps with asymmetric vibrations of silica atoms present in siloxanes. The resulting sulphated silica was used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of free fatty acid in a crude palm oil pond (Pond CPO). Pond CPO is a CPO that is bound to palm oil mill waste water. Pond CPO has free fatty acid content (FFA) between 40 to 70%. High levels of FFA CPO can be derived through esterification reactions with the help of SiO2/SO3-H+ catalyst. In this study, SiO2/SO3-H+ catalyst concentrations were varied i.e. 1, 3, and 5% (w/w). From the research result, the best catalyst performance was obtained at 5% concentration with the ability to decrease the FFA level by 49.70%.

References

  1. Balat, M. and Balat, H., 2010, Progress in biodiesel processing, Appl. Energy, 87(6), 1815-35.
  2. Brown, W.H., 2000, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed, Saunders College Publishing, Orlando.
  3. Della, V.P., Kuhn, I., and Hotza, D., 2002, Rice Husk Ash as an Alternate Source for Active Silica Production, Mater. Lett., 57, 818-821.
  4. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 2008, FAO Rice Market Monitor 11 (2), United Nations, Rome.
  5. Izumi, Y., K., Hisano, K. and Hida, T., 1999, Acid catalysis of silica-included heteropolyacid in polar reaction media, Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol.181, No. 2, pp. 277-282.
  6. Lotero, E., Liu, Y., Lopez, D.E., Suwannakarn, K., Bruce, D.A. and Goodwin, J.G., 2005, Synthesis of biodiesel via acid catalysis, Ind. & Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 5353-5363.
  7. Manríquez, M.E., López T., Gomez R., Picquart M., and Hernández-Cortez J.G., 2004, Sol-gel silica modified with phosphate and sulfate ions, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 345-346 pp.643-646.
  8. Sharma, Y.C. and Singh, B., 2009, Development of biodiesel: Current scenario, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 13(6-7), 1646-1651.
  9. Salman, M.N., Krisdiyanto, D., Khamidinal dan Arsanti, P., 2015, Preparasi katalis silka sulfat dari abu sekam padi dan uji katalitik pada reaksi esterifikasi gliserol dengan anhidrida asam asetat, Reaktor, 15, 231-240.
  10. USDA, 2010, Foreign Agricultural Service: production, supply and distribution, Available at: http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/ psdQuery.aspx.