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Research article

Vol 12 No 1 (2018): Volume 12, Number 1, 2018

Model dispersi gas dan vapor cloud explosion pada kebocoran outlet pigtail tubes primary reformer

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.33802
Submitted
November 16, 2023
Published
June 30, 2018

Abstract

Outlet pigtail tubes, one of the components in primary reformer, have a function to carry the reformed gas from the catalyst tubes to the collection manifold. Moreover, it also has a function to provide the required flexibility within the system to avoid overstress at the end of connections of the pigtail to the manifold and to the bottom of the catalyst tube. It operates in an extreme condition with temperature range of 825-850 oC and pressure 36.2 kg/cm2 which is possible to initiate a failure. The consequences of outlet pigtail tubes failure are a dispersion of synthesis gas and vapor cloud explosion. This research aimed to make a model of those consequences with an assumption that the leakage hole was the same as the diameter of outlet pigtail tubes. The gas dispersion model used in this research was dense gas dispersion continuous release model. The results showed that the highest ratio of synthesis gas-air concentration was 0.1 at 17.4 m distance from leaking point. Whereas the lowest ratio of synthesis gas-air concentration was 0.002 at 163.4 m distance from leaking point. The highest ratio of the concentration of gas dispersion gave vapor cloud explosion energy of about 11.67 x 105 kJ with an overpressure of about 8.41 kPa. The overpressure caused a partial demolition of the building (for example control room), panels blow in, and fastening fails of equipment or machines around the area.

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