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Berbagai teori konspirasi yang beredar di masyarakat menyebabkan terhambatnya usaha penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19. Teori konspirasi, sebagai bagian dari disinfodemik, tersebar luas berkat teknologi sosial media seperti Twitter. Tulisan ini membahas dua hal, pertama mengenai aktor-aktor kunci yang membangun diskursus alternatif mengenai Covid-19 dan cara mereka menyebarkannya di media sosial Twitter. Kedua, tulisan ini ingin menganalisis hubungan antara ideologi politik dan persepsi mengenai virus Covid-19. Persepsi yang dimaksud memiliki keterkaitan dengan diskursus alternatif Covid-19 Berangkat dari dua tujuan tersebut, tulisan ini menggunakan metode big data dan mengambil data dari Twitter pada rentang waktu 1 Mei 2021 hingga 1 September 2021. Tulisan ini menemukan kontestasi wacana mengenai konspirasi-konspirasi Covid-19 yang tersebar di media sosial. Dua wacana yang berkontestasi adalah wacana pemerintah yang sesuai dengan instruksi dari tenaga kesehatan dan wacana alternatif yang berupa teori konspirasi. Kontestasi ini juga diwarnai oleh ideologi politik, dimana terdapat kecenderungan dari para pemilik akun yang berideologi Islam untuk condong ke wacana alternatif, seperti teori konspirasi. Hasil temuan yang diurai dalam tulisan ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kekosongan literatur mengenai konspirasi Covid-19 di Indonesia dan memantik kajian lebih jauh untuk membantu penanggulangan Covid-19 yang lebih efektif kedepannya.
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References
Abd-Alrazaq, Alaa, Dari, A., Mowafa, H., Mounir, H., Zubair, S., Araz, R.A., Hersh, R.M., et al.
(2020). “Free Communication Fake News in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic.”
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22 (4), 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.033%0Ahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32
46056.
Asbjorn, D., David, R., dan Agil, A. (2018). Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary
Religion (Vol. 17). Brill.
Bontcheva, K. (2020) “Deciphering COVID-19 Disinformation,” 1–17.
Catalin, S., dan Radu, U. (2021). Suspicious Mind in Time of Crisis : Determinants of Romanians
Beliefs of Covid-19 Conspiracy Theories (23rd ed., Vol. 1). European Society.
Fossati, D. (2019). The Resurges of Ideology in Indonesia : Political Islam , Aliran , and Political
Behaviour. South East Asian Affair, 38(2), 119-148.
Gerts, D., Shelley, C. D., Parikh, N., Pitts, T., Watson Ross, C., Fairchild, G., Vaquera Chavez, N. Y.,
& Daughton, A. R. (2021, 4 14). “Thought I’d Share First” and Other Conspiracy Theory
Tweets from the COVID-19 Infodemic: Exploratory Study. JMIR Public Health and
Surveillance, 7(4), e26527. 10.2196/26527
Greg, F. (2004). Islamic Radical in Indonesia : The Faltering Revival. South East Asian Affair,
104-121.
Jamison, M. A., Broniatowski, D. A., Dredze, M., Sangraula, A., Smith, M. C., & Quinn, S. C.
(2020). Not just conspiracy theories: Vaccine opponents and proponents add to the
COVID-19 ‘infodemic’ on Twitter. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review.
https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-38.
Khan, Y. H., Mallhi, T. H., & Alotaibi, N. H. (2020). Threat of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in
Pakistan: The Need for Measures to Neutralize Misleading Narratives. The American
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654
Krause, Nicole M., Isabelle Freiling, Becca Beets, and Dominique Brossard. (2020).
“Fact-Checking as Risk Communication: The Multi-Layered Risk of Misinformation in
Times of COVID-19.” Journal of Risk Research 23 (7–8): 1052–59.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1756385.
Lim, Merlyna dan Mark E. Kann. (2008). Politics: Deliberation, Mobilization, and Networked
Practices of Agitation. Networked Publics, hal. 77-101.
Nagourney, A., & Peters, J. (2020, September 21). Denial and Defiance: Trump and His Base
Downplay the Virus Ahead of the Election. The New York Times.
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/21/us/politics/trump-base-virus.html
Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis, Richard Fletcher, Nic Newman, J Scott Brennen, and Philip N. Howard.
(2020). “Navigating the ‘Infodemic’: How People in Six Countries Access and Rate News
and Information about Coronavirus.” Misinformation, Science, and Media, no. April:
1–34.
Orso, Daniele, Nicola Federici, Roberto Copetti, Luigi Vetrugno, and Tiziana Bove. 2020.
“Infodemic and the Spread of Fake News in the COVID-19-Era.” European Journal of
Emergency Medicine, 327–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000713.
Polin. J., (2021) Jerome Ngobrol Sama Menteri Kesehatan (Budi Gunadi Sadikin)! Vaksin dan
Matematika!? Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNCBW8xYdlw
Prasanti, D. (2018). “Hambatan Komunikasi Dalam Promosi Kesehatan Program Keluarga
Berencana (KB) IUD Di Bandung.” Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi Dan Opini Publik 22 (1):
52–63.
Pulido, Cristina M., Beatriz Villarejo-Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi dan Opini Publik Vol. 25 No. 1,
Juli 2021: 1-14 14 Carballido, Gisela Redondo-Sama, and Aitor Gómez. (2020). “COVID-19
Infodemic: More Retweets for Science-Based Information on Coronavirus than for False
Information.” International Sociology, 35 (4): 377–92.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580920914755.
Randolph, H. E., dan Barreiro, L. B. (2020). Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19. Immunity,
52(5), 737–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012
Rehman, Z., dan Schmall, E. (2020, December 19). A Covid-19 Surge and Conspiracy Theories
Roil Pakistan. The New York Times.
Romer, D., dan Jamieson, K. (2020). Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of
COVID-19 in the U.S. Social Science & Medicine, 263.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356