DUALISME PENGATURAN BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Abstract
Indonesia has dualism approach regarding regulation on beneficial ownership (BO). Law on Capital Investment and Law on Limited Liability Company use the repressive approach which state nominee agreements are null and void and assert the absolute ownership of shareholding, whereas Presidential Regulation Number 13 of 2018 use accommodative approach which recognize BO existence and oblige corporation to register their BO. As a result, there are contradiction and inconsistency law policy between presidential regulation with those acts which affect the effectivity of presidential regulation a quo. Based on that problems, this research analyze and compare two approach to evaluate the law policy that has been conducted by regulator. Through normative research and qualitative analysis, this research shows that accommodative approach which contextual and consistent with international development is the appropriate approach to handle BO problem in Indonesia. Besides, this research propose several improvements to upgrade Presidential Regulation on BO into Law on Corporate Transparency and complete the substance of BO regulation in comprehensive manner.
Abstrak
Indonesia menganut dualisme dalam pengaturan beneficial ownership (BO). Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal dan Undang-Undang Perseroan Terbatas menggunakan pendekatan represif dengan menyatakan perjanjian nominee batal demi hukum dan menegaskan kepemilikan mutlak atas saham, sedangkan Peraturan Presiden No. 13 Tahun 2018 menggunakan pendekatan akomodatif dengan mengakui eksistensi BO dan memberikan korporasi kewajiban untuk melakukan registrasi BO. Akibatnya, terjadi kontradiksi dan inkonsistensi pengaturan di antara peraturan presiden dengan kedua undang-undang tersebut yang berpengaruh pada efektivitas pemberlakuan peraturan presiden a quo. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis dan melakukan komparasi terhadap dua pendekatan untuk mengevaluasi pilihan kebijakan yang diambil oleh regulator. Melalui metode penelitian normatif dan analisis kualitatif, hasil penelitian menunjukkan pendekatan akomodatif yang bersifat kontekstual dan selaras dengan perkembangan dunia internasional merupakan pendekatan yang tepat dalam menangani permasalahan BO di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini mengajukan berbagai perbaikan melalui peningkatan status hukum Perpres BO menjadi Undang-Undang Transparansi Korporasi dan melengkapi substansi pengaturan BO secara komperehensif.
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