QUO VADIS PERLINDUNGAN HAK KESEHATAN BAGI PEROKOK PASIF DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Abstract
Indonesia currently holds the third position with the greatest number of active smokers. This number is supported by the contribution of the tobacco industry to the national economy and the behaviour that the citizens have. Ironically, Indonesia is the only country in Southeast Asia that does not ratify WHO’s FCTC citing sovereignty as the main reason. Even if domestic laws such as PP 109/2012 have tried to control tobacco consumption, it was deemed ineffective to protect the right to health of the citizens, most importantly passive smokers. The latter needs to be highlighted as they are not the ones who consume the harmful substance, yet they suffer more than active smokers. This research is normative research that will emphasize the urgency of protecting health rights for passive smokers in Indonesia. The result of this research shows that Indonesia tried to protect the right to health of passive smokers by imposing no-smoking zones but since the regulations are regional, it lacks harmonization and ultimately failed to pursue their aim. In any case, Article 8 of the FCTC provides a measure to protect people from tobacco smoke with annual surveys that helps the Member States to fully protect the right to health of passive smokers among other measures to protect the right to health of passive smokers.
Abstrak
Indonesia menduduki peringkat ketiga dengan jumlah perokok aktif terbanyak di dunia. Jumlah ini didukung kontribusi industri tembakau terhadap perekonomian nasional dan perilaku yang dimiliki penduduk Indonesia. Ironisnya, dengan kondisi yang demikian Indonesia justru adalah satu-satunya negara di Asia Tenggara yang tidak meratifikasi FCTC WHO dengan alasan utama kedaulatan. Regulasi dalam negeri seperti PP 109/2012 nyatanya juga tidak efektif untuk melindungi hak atas kesehatan warga negara, terutama perokok pasif. Hal ini menjadi ironi mengingat pada faktanya bukan para perokok pasif yang mengonsumsi zat berbahaya tersebut namun mereka lebih mendapatkan dampak buruk daripada perokok aktif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang akan menjawab bagaimana urgensi pelindungan hak kesehatan bagi perokok pasif di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kendatipun Indonesia berusaha melindungi hak atas kesehatan perokok pasif dengan memberlakukan zona larangan merokok tetapi karena peraturannya bersifat regional, tidak ada harmonisasi dan masih belum meratanya regulasi di tiap daerah menghambat implementasi perlindungan tersebut. Hal ini yang perlu dijadikan urgensi ratifikasi FCTC mengingat pada Pasal 8, FCTC memberikan serangkaian tindakan untuk melindungi warga negara dari asap tembakau dengan mekanisme pengawasan tahunan yang membantu Negara-negara Anggota untuk sepenuhnya melindungi hak atas kesehatan dalam hal ini para perokok pasif sebagai salah satu cara untuk melindungi hak kesehatan perokok pasif.
Copyright (c) 2021 Fitria Marsha Qitara Rajasa, Nugroho Adhi P.
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