Keywords
IJEPA
KPPU
competition provision
KPPU
competition provision
Abstract
The IJEPA is the first bilateral agreement that signed by the Indonesian government. Since its enactment in 2007, Indonesia has been eager to enhance the implementation of each sector of the agreement, including competition provision. This article intends to assess whether the implementation of the competition chapter of the IJEPA has met its objectives. As the research data shown on the implementation of the competition chapter of the IJEPA between the KPPU and JFTC leads into many positive cooperation activities. Accordingly, the fulfilment on the objectives of the competition chapter shows that most activities by the KPPU and the JFTC regarding all provisions of the competition chapter such as notification, exchange of information, technical cooperation, and transparency are in line with its objectives. Nevertheless, there were still limitations of its provisions and constraints on its implementation. The provisions of notification did not state in details and specify how to implement, such as (1) timing of notification; (2) in which phase of enforcement activities that notification should be given to the other party; (3) in what way to send the notification letter: (4) also in what kind of relevant area of enforcement activities it is necessary to have notification.
References
Books, Journals, Papers
Aoki, Maki. “New issues in FTAs: The case of Economic Partnership Agreements between Japan and ASEAN Countries.” IDE APEC Study center. Working Paper Series 03/04No.8 (2004): 2. http://www.ide.go.jp/ English/Publish/Download/ Apec/pdf/2003_08.pdf.
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Dabbah. Maher M. International and Comparative Competition Law. New York: Cambridge, 2010.
Himelfarb, A.J. “The International Language of Convergence: Reviving the Antitrust Dialogue between the United States of America and the European Union with a Uniform Understanding of Ex traterritoriality.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law 909, vol. 17(3): 914, 1996. https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/arti cles/volume17/issue3/Himelfar b17U.P
Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, Jurnal Persaingan Usaha, 5th edition. Jakarta: Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Republik Indonesia, 2011
Michel, Lois. Economic Partnership Agreement: Drivers of Development. Saarbrucken: Dictus Publishing, 2010.
Papadopoulos, Anestis S. The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy. New York: Cambridge, 2010.
Paul, J.R. “Comity in International Law,” Harvard International Law Journal 2, vol. 32(1): 3, 1991. http:// heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collec tion=journals&handle=hein.jour nals/hilj32&id=7
Rill, James F. “The U.S./EC Antitrust Cooperation Agreement: Genesis, Innovation, and Early Implementation.” CPI Antitrust Chronicle, no. 1 (2011): 3. https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/
Stark, C. “Improving Bilateral Antitrust Cooperation,” speech delivered in Washington DC, 23 June 2000. http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/pub lic/speeches/5075.htm.
Watanabe, Yorizumi “Japan’s FTA/EPA Policy and Perspectives for East Asian Economic Community.” European Institute for Asian Studies. Accessed June 18, 2012. http:// www.eias.org/luncheons/2006/ japantrade050406/watanabe.pdf.
WTO’s Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy, “Communication from Japan: The Experiences of Japan and APEC in Technical Assistance and Capacity Building.” WT/ WGTCP/W186 (June 19, 2002): 2. http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/ experiences.pdf.
“CeaseandDesist Order and Surcharged mentsPayment Order against Manufacturers of Cathode Ray Tubes for Televisions.” JFTC. Accessed October 7, 2009. http://www. jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/archives/individual000136.html.
“Decision on the Violation of Indonesian Competition Law in the Beauty Contest Process for Liquid Natural Gas Project (Decision No. 35/ KPPUI/2010).” KPPU. Accessed October 28, 2012. http://www.kppu.go.id/docs/Putusan/putu san_35_2010_Donggi%20senoro. pdf
“Decision No. 05/KPPUL/2010.” KPPU. Accessed October 29, 2012 . http://www.kppu.go.id/docs/ Putusan/Putusan%20Lokomotif. pdf.
“Implementing Agreement Between The Government of Japan and The Government of The Republic of Indonesia Pursuant to Article 13 of The Agreement Between Japan and The Republic of Indonesia for an Economic Partnership.” JFTC. Accessed December 5, 2012. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/inter national_relations/agreements/index.html.
“Implementing Agreement Between The Government of Japan and The Swiss Federal Council Pursuant to Article 10 of The Agreement on Free Trade and Economic Partnership Between Japan and The Swiss Confederation.” JFTC. Accessed December 5, 2009. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/international_ relations/agreements/index.html
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“Joint Statement at the Signing of the Agreement between the republic of Indonesia and Japan for an Economic Partnership.” Bank Indonesia. Accessed December 9, 2012. http://www.bi.go.id/NR/rdon lyres/C3A644ED25024795 9D3083A4B45E5109/9489/ joinstatementepaindonesiajapan.pdf.
JFTC. “Outline Slide for June 28, 2012.”
KPPU. “Ratification on Text Explanation of the IJEPA.” 2007.
KPPU. “Text Explanation on the Competition Chapter of IJEPA (Indonesian Version).” December 19, 2007.
KPPU. “Chapter III: The FollowUp the Implementation Agreement of IJEPA on Competition (Indonesian Version).” December 19, 2007.
KPPU. “Minutes of meeting between Japan International Cooperation Agency and Authorities concerned of the Government of Republic of Indonesia on the Japanese technical cooperation project for competition policy project (phase 2) in Indonesia: the Attached Document,“ 2009.
KPPU. “Project Design Matrix: Project for Competition Policy (Phase II) Annex 1,” 2009.
KPPU. “Outputs and Activities in Record of Discussions (RD),” 2010.
KPPU. “Form Digest Green Book 2009,” 2009.
“Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition.” KPPU. Accessed December 8, 2012. http://eng.kppu.go.id/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/uuen.pdf.
“Pemberitahuan Merger 2011.” KPPU. Accessed October 28, 2012. http://www.kppu.go.id/id/merger/daftar-notifikasi/publikasipemberitahuan/pemberitahuanmerger2011/.
“Ratification Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and Japan for an economic Partnership.” Directorate General of International Trade Cooperation. Accessed December 8, 2012. http://ditjenkpi.kemendag.go.id/website_ kpi/Umum/IJEPA/Perpres%20 36%202008.pdf.
“Technical assistance offered and contributed by the Japan Fair Trade Commission.” JFTC, 2004. Accessed December 3, http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/ menu.2004.pdf.
“The Antimonopoly Act: Chapter II Private Monopolization and Unreasonable Restraint of Trade.” JFTC. Accessed September 23, 2012. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/legislation_guidelines/ama/amended_ama09/02.html.
“Day 5 Conference end without consensus.” WTO. Accessed December 3, 2012. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min03_e/min03_14sept_e.htm.
Aoki, Maki. “New issues in FTAs: The case of Economic Partnership Agreements between Japan and ASEAN Countries.” IDE APEC Study center. Working Paper Series 03/04No.8 (2004): 2. http://www.ide.go.jp/ English/Publish/Download/ Apec/pdf/2003_08.pdf.
“Chicago Citation Style.” UBC Okanagan Library. February, 2012. Accessed December 26, 2012. http://www. ubc.ca/okanagan/library/__ shared/assets/chicago14394. pdf.“Chicago Manual of Style – Personal Interview.” Citesource. Accessed December 26, 2012. http://citesource.trincoll.edu/ chicago/chicagointerview_000. pdf.
Dabbah. Maher M. International and Comparative Competition Law. New York: Cambridge, 2010.
Himelfarb, A.J. “The International Language of Convergence: Reviving the Antitrust Dialogue between the United States of America and the European Union with a Uniform Understanding of Ex traterritoriality.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law 909, vol. 17(3): 914, 1996. https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jil/arti cles/volume17/issue3/Himelfar b17U.P
Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, Jurnal Persaingan Usaha, 5th edition. Jakarta: Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Republik Indonesia, 2011
Michel, Lois. Economic Partnership Agreement: Drivers of Development. Saarbrucken: Dictus Publishing, 2010.
Papadopoulos, Anestis S. The International Dimension of EU Competition Law and Policy. New York: Cambridge, 2010.
Paul, J.R. “Comity in International Law,” Harvard International Law Journal 2, vol. 32(1): 3, 1991. http:// heinonline.org/HOL/Print?collec tion=journals&handle=hein.jour nals/hilj32&id=7
Rill, James F. “The U.S./EC Antitrust Cooperation Agreement: Genesis, Innovation, and Early Implementation.” CPI Antitrust Chronicle, no. 1 (2011): 3. https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/
Stark, C. “Improving Bilateral Antitrust Cooperation,” speech delivered in Washington DC, 23 June 2000. http://www.usdoj.gov/atr/pub lic/speeches/5075.htm.
Watanabe, Yorizumi “Japan’s FTA/EPA Policy and Perspectives for East Asian Economic Community.” European Institute for Asian Studies. Accessed June 18, 2012. http:// www.eias.org/luncheons/2006/ japantrade050406/watanabe.pdf.
WTO’s Working Group on the Interaction between Trade and Competition Policy, “Communication from Japan: The Experiences of Japan and APEC in Technical Assistance and Capacity Building.” WT/ WGTCP/W186 (June 19, 2002): 2. http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/ experiences.pdf.
“CeaseandDesist Order and Surcharged mentsPayment Order against Manufacturers of Cathode Ray Tubes for Televisions.” JFTC. Accessed October 7, 2009. http://www. jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/archives/individual000136.html.
“Decision on the Violation of Indonesian Competition Law in the Beauty Contest Process for Liquid Natural Gas Project (Decision No. 35/ KPPUI/2010).” KPPU. Accessed October 28, 2012. http://www.kppu.go.id/docs/Putusan/putu san_35_2010_Donggi%20senoro. pdf
“Decision No. 05/KPPUL/2010.” KPPU. Accessed October 29, 2012 . http://www.kppu.go.id/docs/ Putusan/Putusan%20Lokomotif. pdf.
“Implementing Agreement Between The Government of Japan and The Government of The Republic of Indonesia Pursuant to Article 13 of The Agreement Between Japan and The Republic of Indonesia for an Economic Partnership.” JFTC. Accessed December 5, 2012. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/inter national_relations/agreements/index.html.
“Implementing Agreement Between The Government of Japan and The Swiss Federal Council Pursuant to Article 10 of The Agreement on Free Trade and Economic Partnership Between Japan and The Swiss Confederation.” JFTC. Accessed December 5, 2009. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/international_ relations/agreements/index.html
JapanIndonesia Partnership Agreement: Joint Study Report.” MOFA. Accessed December 8, 2012. http://www.mofa.go.jp/re gion/asiapaci/indonesia/sum mit0506/joint32.pdf.
“Joint Statement at the Signing of the Agreement between the republic of Indonesia and Japan for an Economic Partnership.” Bank Indonesia. Accessed December 9, 2012. http://www.bi.go.id/NR/rdon lyres/C3A644ED25024795 9D3083A4B45E5109/9489/ joinstatementepaindonesiajapan.pdf.
JFTC. “Outline Slide for June 28, 2012.”
KPPU. “Ratification on Text Explanation of the IJEPA.” 2007.
KPPU. “Text Explanation on the Competition Chapter of IJEPA (Indonesian Version).” December 19, 2007.
KPPU. “Chapter III: The FollowUp the Implementation Agreement of IJEPA on Competition (Indonesian Version).” December 19, 2007.
KPPU. “Minutes of meeting between Japan International Cooperation Agency and Authorities concerned of the Government of Republic of Indonesia on the Japanese technical cooperation project for competition policy project (phase 2) in Indonesia: the Attached Document,“ 2009.
KPPU. “Project Design Matrix: Project for Competition Policy (Phase II) Annex 1,” 2009.
KPPU. “Outputs and Activities in Record of Discussions (RD),” 2010.
KPPU. “Form Digest Green Book 2009,” 2009.
“Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition.” KPPU. Accessed December 8, 2012. http://eng.kppu.go.id/wpcontent/uploads/2010/04/uuen.pdf.
“Pemberitahuan Merger 2011.” KPPU. Accessed October 28, 2012. http://www.kppu.go.id/id/merger/daftar-notifikasi/publikasipemberitahuan/pemberitahuanmerger2011/.
“Ratification Agreement between the Republic of Indonesia and Japan for an economic Partnership.” Directorate General of International Trade Cooperation. Accessed December 8, 2012. http://ditjenkpi.kemendag.go.id/website_ kpi/Umum/IJEPA/Perpres%20 36%202008.pdf.
“Technical assistance offered and contributed by the Japan Fair Trade Commission.” JFTC, 2004. Accessed December 3, http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/ menu.2004.pdf.
“The Antimonopoly Act: Chapter II Private Monopolization and Unreasonable Restraint of Trade.” JFTC. Accessed September 23, 2012. http://www.jftc.go.jp/en/legislation_guidelines/ama/amended_ama09/02.html.
“Day 5 Conference end without consensus.” WTO. Accessed December 3, 2012. http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/min03_e/min03_14sept_e.htm.