Keywords
Bantuan Sosial
Lansia
Negara Berpendapatan Menengah Atas
Systematic Review
How to Cite
Abstract
Kebijakan bantuan sosial lanjut usia masih terkendala rendahnya cakupan penerima bantuan dan terhambatnya akses bantuan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui inklusivitas bantuan sosial lansia dengan menggunakan pendekatan systematic review. Inklusivitas dimaknai sejauhmana kebijakan mampu menjangkau masyarakat, dampak yang ditimbulkan dan integrasi dengan program pengentasan kemiskinan. Empat negara dikaji dalam tulisan ini yaitu Afrika Selatan, Brazil, China dan Indonesia karena kesamaan kebijakan bantuan sosial lansia dan termasuk dalam kelompok negara berpendapatan menegah atas. Data bersumber dari 25 literatur yang membahas inklusivitas bantuan sosial lansia, yang dipilih dari Google Scholar sebanyak 14 literatur dan 11 literatur lainnya berasal dari Scopus. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam memilih literatur adalah “inclusive”, “social assistance”, dan “old-age”. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bantuan sosial lansia pada empat negara belum sepenuhnya inklusif. Pemaknaan lansia harus lebih diperluas dan bantuan disesuaikan dengan karakteristik lansia. Saran untuk pemerintah adalah mengelola kebijakan yang tepat; sedangkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya penting dilakukan studi tentang aspek-aspek jaminan sosial yang lain.
Kata Kunci: Inklusivitas, Bantuan Sosial, Lansia, Negara Berpendapatan Menengah Atas, Systematic Review
Social assistance policies for elderly is still constrained by low coverage of beneficiaries and hampered access to assistance. This paper aims to determine inclusiveness of social assistance for elderly using a systematic review. Inclusivity in this case means how far policies reach out community, policies’s impact, and integration with poverty alleviation programs. The countries studied are South Africa, Brazil, China and Indonesia because of the policies’s similiarities and included in upper middle income countries. The data used are 25 pieces of literatures that discuss the inclusiveness, selected from Google Scholar (14 pieces of literatures) and Scopus (11 pieces of literatures). The keywords used were “inclusive”, “social assistance”, and “old-age”. Research findings show that social assistance for elderly in four countries is not yet fully inclusive. Elderly’s definition must be expanded and assistance adapted to elderly’s characteristics. Governments have to manage policies and next researchers should conduct studies on other aspects of social security.
Keywords: Inclusivity, Social Assistance, Elderly, Upper-Middle Income Countries, Systematic Review
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