Classification of Flood-Prone Areas in Tomohon Using Landsat 8 OLI Satellite Imagery
Abstract
Natural disasters often occur unexpectedly, resulting in both material and nonmaterial losses. Floods are among natural disasters that often occurs in several regions in Indonesia, one of which is Tomohon. Tomohon is a city located in the highlands, so it is expected to have a low flood risk level. Nevertheless, in reality, flood still occurs in Tomohon, which then causes material and nonmaterial losses. The data used in this research were the satellite imagery of the Landsat 8 onboard operational land imager (OLI) accessed through the United States Geographical Survey (USGS). The land covers in Tomohon were classified using the supervised classification method with the minimum distance classification (MDC) algorithm. This method provided the advantage of classifying land covers by utilizing training data in Tomohon, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.56%. In addition, the calculations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were also utilized to determine the level of vegetation and surface soil moisture in Tomohon using the Quantum GIS (QGIS) application. Upon examining the land covers and calculating the index, weighting was once more performed in accordance with criteria. It was done to facilitate the classification of the area into three flood risk classifications: high, medium, and low. The results showed that green spaces in Tomohon are still greater than residential areas. However, NDVI, NDWI, and SAVI calculations indicated that some densely populated areas are susceptible to flood. These areas include Tomohon Selatan and Tomohon Tengah Subdistricts, which have a high level of flood risk and the Tomohon Timur Subdistrict, which has a medium level of flood risk.
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