Regulation of Wind Turbine and Battery Direct Current Voltage for Microgrid
Abstract
Renewable energy will eventually replace fossil energy. Direct current (dc) microgrids can operate independently without being connected to the utility grid. The configuration of a dc microgrid system may encompass wind turbines, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG), rectifiers, dc-dc boost converters, bidirectional dc-dc converters, batteries, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Systems with complex components have the problem of maintaining a stable dc voltage amid a load or wind speed change. This paper focuses on improving the performance of dc microgrids by adding voltage control to satisfy the load demand and maintain a constant dc voltage stability. Tests were conducted under three conditions. In the first condition, the wind turbine may supply the load and battery; in the second condition, the wind turbine and battery supply the load; and in the third condition, the battery fully supplies the load. The test results showed that the performance of the designed system could satisfy the load demand and charge the battery. When the wind turbine generators were unable to satisfy the load demand, the battery and wind turbine could supply the load. The system could maintain a voltage on the dc bus of 400 V, with a deviation of only 1%. According to the IEC 61000-14-17, this value remains within the acceptable load tolerance limit.
References
A. Hamza, H. Bin Tahir, K. Siraj, and M. Nasir, “Hybrid ac/dc microgrid for residential applications,” in 2019 IEEE 3rd Int. Conf. DC Microgrids (ICDCM), 2019, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/icdcm45535.2019.9232773.
S. Pannala, N. Patari, A.K. Srivastava, and N.P. Padhy, “Effective control and management scheme for isolated and grid connected dc microgrid,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 6767–6780, Nov./Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2020.3015819.
J. Dhillon and A.K. Kouam, “Design and modelling of a dc microgrid for wind and solar system,” in 2022 1st Int. Conf. Sustain. Technol. Power Energy Syst., 2022, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/stpes54845.2022.10006534.
N. Qachchachi, H. Mahmoudi, and A.E. Hassnaoui, “Control strategy of hybrid ac/dc microgrid in standalone mode,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 295–301, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.14710/ijred.9.2.295-301.
W. Bai, “DC microgrid optimized energy management and real-time control of power systems for grid-connected and off-grid operating modes,” Disertasi Ph.D., Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, Perancis, 2021.
S. Abdullahi, T. Jin, and P.M. Lingom, “Robust control strategy for inductive parametric uncertainties of dc/dc converters in islanded dc microgrid,” J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 335–344, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.35833/MPCE.2021.000241.
J. Aourir, F. Locment, and M. Sechilariu, “Power and energy management of a dc microgrid for a renewable curtailment case due to the integration of a small-scale wind turbine,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 1–24, May 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15093421.
M.F.N. Akbar, Z. Zulfatman, and I. Pakaya. (22 Dec. 2020). Maximum power point tracking pada pembangkit tenaga angin menggunakan backtracking search algorithm. Dipresentasikan pada Semin. Nas. Teknol. Rekayasa (SENTRA), [Online], https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPPqToVHeoU
K.R. Bharath, M.M. Krishnan, and P. Kanakasabapathy, “A review on dc microgrid control techniques, applications and trends,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Res., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1328–1338, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.20508/ijrer.v9i3.9671.g7710.
H. Chen, “Lithium-ion battery-supercapacitor energy management for dc microgrids,” Int. J. Low-Carbon Technol., vol. 17, pp. 1452–1458, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1093/ijlct/ctac128.
R. Rajasekaran and P.U. Rani, “Bidirectional dc-dc converter for microgrid in energy management system,” Int. J. Electron., vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 322–343, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1080/00207217.2020.1793418.
V.F. Pires, A. Pires, and A. Cordeiro, “DC microgrids: Benefits, architectures, perspectives and challenges,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1–20, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16031217.
A. Kusmantoro, A. Priyadi, V.L.B. Putri, and M.H. Purnomo, “Kinerja micro grid menggunakan photovoltaic-baterai dengan sistem off-grid,” J. Nas. Tek. Elekt. Teknol. Inf., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 211–217, May 2020, doi: 10.22146/jnteti.v9i2.155.
A. Kusmantoro and A. Priyadi, “Strategi peningkatan kinerja dc microgrid dengan konfigurasi dc/ac coupling,” J. Nas. Tek. Elekt. Teknol. Inf., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 175–180, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.22146/jnteti.v12i3.7151.
A.M. Yasin, “Energy management of a stand-alone dc microgrid based on PV/wind/battery/diesel gen. combined with super-capacitor,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Res., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1811–1826, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.20508/ijrer.v9i4.10094.g7784.
G.S. Mahesh, A. Puskar, P. M. Krishna, and S. Rajashekhar, “Energy management with bi-directional converters in dc microgrids,” in Int. Conf. Thermo-fluids Energy Syst. (ICTES2019), 2020, pp. 1–8, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1473/1/012016.
V. Patel and V. Patel, “A comprehensive review: Ac & dc microgrid protection,” in 21st Natl. Power Syst. Conf. (NPSC), 2020, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/NPSC49263.2020.9331932.
H. Piggott, Windpower Workshop. Machynlleth, Inggris: Centre for Alternative Technol, 1997.
D.W. Hart, Power Electronics. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
M.S. Simoiu et al., “BOOST converter modelling as a subsystem of a photovoltaic panel control system,” in 2020 IEEE Int. Conf. Autom. Qual. Test. Robot. (AQTR), 2020, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/AQTR49680.2020.9129963.
R. Syahputra and I. Soesanti, “Performance improvement for small-scale wind turbine system based on maximum power point tracking control,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 20, pp. 1–18, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.3390/en12203938.
A.S. Pratiwi, S.D. Nugraha, and E. Sunarno, “Desain dan simulasi bidirectional dc-dc converter untuk penyimpanan energi pada sistem fotovoltaik,” J. Nas. Tek. Elekt. Teknol. Inf., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 305–310, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.22146/.v9i3.377.
© Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
