ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE <p>ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering is published by the ASEAN Chemical Engineers. The ASEAN Chemical Engineers have organized annual symposium for the ASEAN chemical engineers since 1994. This is called "Regional Symposium of Chemical Engineering - RSCE". The primary objectives of this symposium is to serve as venue for the dissemination of the research output done by chemical engineers, to establish linkages among the chemical engineers in the ASEAN region, and lastly, the need for Japan to strengthen ties with ASEAN countries. The organizing committee included International Advisory Committee in the different ASEAN countries to coordinate with the local chemical engineers. This activity is supported by the universities, government agencies and professional organization of the chemical engineers in their respective countries. There are about 150 - 250 participants every year and about 150 research outputs are being presented during the symposium. The first issue of the AJChE was launched on October 29, 2001 during the RSCE 2001 in Bandung, Indonesia. The articles in this first issue are related to the development in the chemical industries in different ASEAN countries. Two issues per year have been published for the second year and onwards, in which the research papers mainly come from the RSCE Proceedings.</p> en-US <p>Copyright holder for articles is ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering.&nbsp;Articles published in ASEAN J. Chem. Eng. are distributed under a&nbsp;<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International</a> (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.&nbsp;</p> <p>Authors agree to transfer all copyright rights in and to the above work to the ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Editorial Board so that the Editorial Board shall have the right to publish the work for non-profit use in any media or form. In return, authors retain: (1) all proprietary rights other than copyright; (2) re-use of all or part of the above paper in their other work; (3) right to reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the above paper for authors’ personal use or for company use if the source and the journal copyright notice is indicated, and if the reproduction is not made for the purpose of sale.</p> teguh.ariyanto@ugm.ac.id (Dr.-Ing. Teguh Ariyanto, ST., M.Eng) ajche.ft@ugm.ac.id (Asean Journal of Chemical Engineering) Fri, 30 Aug 2024 00:00:00 +0700 OJS 3.1.2.0 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Sulphamic Acid Corrosion Inhibition: A review https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12033 <p>Sulphamic acid solutions are frequently employed in industrial equipment cleaning, descaling, and other processes, such as acidizing low-temperature carbonate reservoirs. Several researchers have reported the inhibition of corrosion of different metals and alloys in sulphamic acid using inhibitors like tryptophan, olive leaf, azo dyes, chitosan, Juniperus, cystine, s-containing amino acids, etc. Sulphamic acid is soluble in water and is classified as a strong inorganic acid in solution. Still, its corrosiveness is significantly lower than other acids, such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Sulphamic acid and inorganic acid cleaners based on sulphamic acid are used extensively in diversified cleaning applications. They are superior to other mineral acids due to lower corrosion rates and the absence of corrosive fumes evolution. For this reason, mild and stainless-steel cleaning employs sulphamic acid. Nevertheless, the application of sulphamic acid in industrial cleaning is only partially without its drawbacks, as the cleaning action usually leads to dissolution and loss of base metals.&nbsp; Industrial practice includes adding corrosion inhibitors to minimize equipment corrosion damage. The current review paper summarises recent research on sulphamic acid corrosion inhibition. It summarizes the various corrosion inhibitors employed to mitigate corrosion in various pieces of equipment made of metals or metal alloys exposed to sulphamic acid in different conditions. The researchers employed weight loss, electrochemical methods, and surface characterizations. In literature and practice, the usual concentration of sulphamic acid for cleaning is 5 – 10 wt. % at a temperature range of 55 – 65 ℃. The inhibition efficiencies observed varied from 84 – 97.3 %. The examinations include studies of the effects of temperature, concentration, immersion time, and stirring velocity.</p> Isaac Ekere, Oluranti Agboola, Augustine Ayeni Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12033 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:27:19 +0700 Statistical Analysis of Activation Factors for Coffee Husk derived Activated Carbon on Chromium (VI) Adsorption and Carbon yield https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12034 <p>Coffee husk waste, an abundant waste material in Vietnam, has been utilized to produce activated carbon. However, the single and interactional effects of activation factors for pyrolysis of coffee husk waste have not been studied well. This research proposed a fully statistical strategy including Box-Behnken experimental design, analysis of variance, regression diagnostics, influence degree, optimization and test of good-fitness, analysis of activated carbon’s surface, and aimed to explore activation factors of impregnation ratio (IR) between H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> and the biomass, activation temperature (AT) and time on Cr(VI) adsorption and carbon yield. The antagonistic effects of first-order AT and second-order IR contributed 75.91% of total influence factors and had the greatest impact on carbon yield. In contrast, the second-order AT, IR and the first-order IR, AT, their interaction accounting for 94.77%, had a statistically significant influence on Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. The optimal values of 35% IR, 540<sup>o</sup>C and 72 minutes could give 72.67±4.13% carbon yield, 104.13±7.64 mg Cr(VI) g<sup>-1</sup>, and a specific surface area of 1896 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> due to an abundance of micropores, mesopores and hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxylic groups on the biochar’s surface. These findings suggest that the coffee husk waste-derived activated carbon may be a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) and other small to medium-sized compounds from water, and the second-order polynomial regression model can be used to interpret the pyrolysis conditions to reduce preparation time and overall cost.</p> Thi Thuan Ngo, Minh Ngoc Nguyen, The Nghia Ly, Thi Hong Thu Tran, Duy Dat Nguyen, Samart Chanatip Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12034 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:30:41 +0700 Effect of Graphene Oxide Sealing on the Corrosion Resistance of Anodized Aluminum Oxide https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12084 <p>Aluminum alloy materials are widely used in aerospace, construction industry, automotive, and other fields due to their low cost and typical properties, including high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. The role of the anodization process that forms anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can improve corrosion resistance, but the aluminum surface is pivoted after the anodization process. This study was conducted to determine the effect of GO-sealed on the corrosion resistance of AAO. The results show that anodized aluminum with GO-sealed performs better corrosion resistance as indicated by higher R<sub>porous</sub> and R<sub>solid</sub> values when compared to unsealed anodized aluminum. Furthermore, anodized aluminum with GO-sealed has a smoother surface and harder than unsealed aluminum. It is indicated by surface characterization and hardness test.</p> Siska Prifiharni, Yung Yung Senaputri, Gadang Priyotomo, Arini Nikitasari, Rahayu Kusumastuti, Siti Musabikha, Syamsul Bahtiar, Emsal Yanuar, Lalu Suahimi, Rita Desiasni, Fauzi Widyawati, Murni Handayani Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12084 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:35:38 +0700 Kinetic Study of Biodiesel Purification from Used Cooking Oil Using Activated Carbon https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12205 <p>Used cooking oil (UCO) is a hazardous pollutant that leads to environmental problems. In general, UCO was discharged directly into the water, although it has the potential to be processed. One alternative process of UCO is its potency as the main material of biodiesel production. Biodiesel is produced via a transesterification process, during which the reaction between UCO and alcohol occurs. The results obtained from this reaction include biodiesel and glycerol. In this study, pure biodiesel was obtained by purification using the adsorption process. The adsorbent was activated carbon from coconut shells that were contacted at a certain concentration and contact time. The adsorbent concentrations were varied from 3, 6, 9, and 12(w/w) addition, while the contact times were 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min. The crude biodiesel adsorption was carried out at 90<sup>o</sup>C. FFA removal increased with increasing adsorbent concentration and contact time. With 12% adsorbent addition, FFA was removed up to 64.91% in a 90 min adsorption process. The kinetics of the adsorption process were analyzed using several kinetics models, either in the linear or nonlinear form. The best kinetic fit in this process was obtained using a nonlinear pseudo-second-order model.</p> Ardika Nurmawati, Erwan Adi Saputro, Masykuri Latief, Iqbal Mahendra, Wiliandi Saputro Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12205 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:36:37 +0700 Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye onto Anionic Polyacrylamide-Modified Graphite: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanism https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12218 <p>The textile industry is a major source of wastewater with a high concentration of organic and inorganic chemicals, including dyes. In this study, exfoliated graphite was modified using surfactants Sodium dodecyle sulfate (SDS) and N-cetyl-N,N,N- trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as well as coagulant anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) to improve the adsorption capacity of pure exfoliated graphite to treat simulated crystal violet (CV) dye. This work also studied the effect of contact time, Dye Concentration, pH and adsorbent loading. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics were investigated by varying contact time and dye concentration. It was observed that modification with surfactants SDS and CTAB did not show appreciable results. However, modification of graphite flakes with APAM resulted in 89.27% removal efficiency compared to unmodified graphite flakes. The graphite flakes were characterized using XRF analysis, BET surface area, and FTIR analysis. UV/Vis-Spectrometer analyzed the concentration of dye solution at a wavelength of 592nm. The availability of active sites and its ability to regenerate the exfoliated graphite made it a potential candidate for the adsorption of CV dye. Moreover, Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to investigate dye adsorption behavior. It was observed that the Langmuir model provides the best fit for this system.</p> Bilal Haider, Shoaib Ahmad, Syed Nadir Hussain Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12218 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:37:36 +0700 Synthesis of Green Diesel from Non-edible Kapok (Ceiba petandra) Seed Oil via Hydrotreating Process Using Sulfided Ni-Mo/Al2O3 Catalysts https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12348 <p>The demand for environmentally friendly and renewable fuels will keep increasing due to the accelerated climate change worldwide.&nbsp; <em>Ceiba pentandra</em> seed oil is a promising feedstock for renewable fuel since it possesses major fatty acid components with similar skeletal structure to diesel-range hydrocarbons.&nbsp; Nevertheless, its direct utilization will potentially cause problems due to the cyclopropenoid group and its high viscosity. In this research, hydrotreating processes over bimetallic sulfided Ni-Mo/g-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts were performed to convert the kapok seed oil into green diesel, with lower cloud points compared to those derived from other common vegetable oils. The hydrotreating process was needed not only to eliminate cyclopropenoid and oxygen contents but also to reduce the unsaturated bonds and, at the same time, increase its H/C ratio. The BET measurement showed the catalyst surface area of 144 m<sup>2</sup>/g, while the existence of NiS and MoS<sub>2</sub> as active sites on its surface was detected by XRD analysis. The TEM analysis indicated that sulfided Ni and Mo were dispersed reasonably well, with a little aggregation, on the catalyst surface. The most well-performed catalyst (with Ni:Mo ratio of 0.2:1 and K:P promoter ratio 0.5:1) successfully synthesized bio-hydrocarbons (with desirable C<sub>15</sub>-C<sub>19</sub> diesel range) with the conversion of almost 96%, with no remaining cyclopropenoid content.</p> Tedi Hudaya, Sarah Amadea Rahardja, Michael Gunawan, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12348 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:38:25 +0700 Experimental Investigation of Silica Nanoparticle Assisted Lignosulfonate Surfactant for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Flooding https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12844 <p>There has been significant interest in incorporating nanoparticles into surfactants to enhance the performance of chemical-enhanced oil recovery. This interest has arisen due to attempts to mitigate the decline in surfactant efficiency caused by various environmental factors within the reservoir. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how silica nanoparticles (SNP), combined with formulated sodium lignosulfonate (FSLS) surfactants, can improve oil recovery from reservoirs. In this paper, we conducted an experimental study to assess the impact of SNP when mixed with FSLS surfactants. The aim was to evaluate whether SNP alters the characteristics of FSLS surfactants and to determine SNP's potential to enhance oil recovery. We conducted experiments to measure compatibility, interfacial tension, and core flooding. We identified the optimal conditions for an FSLS 1% wt + SNP 0.1% wt solution for chemical flooding test based on the experimental results. The chemical flooding results showed a significantly higher recovery factor (RF) in the presence of SNP, with a recovery of 60% of the initial oil in place (IOIP), compared to only FSLS, which had an RF of 23.53% IOIP. The resulting interfacial tension (IFT) value was 10<sup>-4</sup> - 10<sup>-3</sup> mN/m. The solutions showed good stability in a single phase, did not precipitate, and appeared clear. Therefore, using SNP combined with FSLS surfactants demonstrates excellent potential for enhancing chemical-enhanced oil recovery methods.</p> Sarah Dampang, Muhammad Mufti Azis, Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah, Suryo Purwono Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12844 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:39:19 +0700 Exploring Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Sargassum sp. for Optimal Process Parameters and Product Insights https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12871 <p>Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) offers a promising alternative to fast pyrolysis for scaling up biomass conversion processes, facilitating accelerated reactions without significant temperature elevation. This study investigated the optimum process parameters for MAP of <em>Sargassum </em>sp<em>.</em>, the predominant macroalgae in Indonesia. Parameters explored included <em>Sargassum </em>sp<em>.</em> particle sizes (10-40, 40-70, 70-100, &gt;100 mesh), final temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450 °C), and coconut activated carbon (CAC)-to-feedstock ratios (1:2, 1:1, 3:2), with CAC acted as a microwave absorber. Experimental results indicated that the highest volatile yield (57.64%) occurred at a 40-70 mesh particle size and a final temperature of 450 °C, yielding bio-oil and gas at 24.88% and 32.76%, respectively. Increasing CAC loading enhanced bio-oil and char yields while reduced gas production, with a 1:1 ratio, yielded an optimal calorific value. Bio-oil density ranged from 0.9557 to 0.9968 g/mL. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed significant sterol derivatives and butanoic acid in the bio-oil, with lower concentrations of N-aromatic compounds. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified key peaks characteristic of aromatic (1400 and 1500 cm<sup>-1</sup>), carbonyl (1700 cm<sup>-1</sup>), C-N bonds (2100-2200 cm<sup>‑1</sup>), amide and amine (3300-3400 cm<sup>-1</sup>), and hydroxyl and carboxylic acid (3450 cm<sup>‑1</sup>). These findings underscored the efficacy of MAP in achieving high volatile yields at relatively moderate temperatures compared to conventional methods. Moreover, butanoic acid's presence in the bio-oil highlighted its potential as a valuable resource for safe food preservation and chemical synthesis. However, detecting sterol derivatives and complex N-aromatic compounds suggested incomplete decomposition at 350 °C.</p> Teta Fathya Widawati, Muhammad Fuad Refki, Rochmadi, Arief Budiman Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12871 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:40:05 +0700 Harnessing Microalgae Photobioreactors to Address Rising Sludge and Fouling Challenges in Membrane Bioreactors https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12956 <p>This study explored the application of microalgal engineering in a photobioreactor to mitigate rising sludge and fouling issues in a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). By introducing microalgae into the activated sludge of a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), this study aimed to enhance the dissolved oxygen content within the MBBR, which was a critical factor for optimizing the reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in wastewater. During the microalgae cultivation phase, <em>Chlorella</em> sp. was cultured with adding nutrients, including urea and TSP. Upon reaching a sufficient Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) concentration, microalgae were inoculated into the MBBR. The research results demonstrated an improvement in the quality of the effluent and a reduction in rising sludge within the clarifier, coinciding with an increase in dissolved oxygen content exceeding 2 mg/L. Cost-benefit analysis revealed a significant reduction in WWTP operational costs, primarily due to the discontinuation of two blowers that were previously operated. This study encourages the utilization of microalgae in MBBRs as a potential solution to reduce operational costs in the wastewater treatment industry.</p> Maktum Muharja, Rahadian Abdul Rachman, Arief Widjaja, Rizki Fitria Darmayanti, Candra Wijaya, Dendy Satrio Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12956 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:44:36 +0700 Effect of Osmotic Pressure Gradient on Concentration of Treated Tannery Effluent in Forward Osmosis https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12967 <p>In this study, Forward Osmosis (FO) process is investigated for concentrating three different types of synthetic secondary treated tannery effluents (FS1, FS2 and FS3) as feed solution and using NaCl solution as draw solution. Operating FO at low osmotic pressure gradient (∆Π<sub>low</sub>) of 9.33 ± 0.7 bars and high osmotic pressure gradient (∆Π<sub>high</sub>) of 20.63 ± 0.7 bars, for concentration of FS1, FS2, and FS3 respectively, was evaluated in terms of flux (J<sub>w</sub>), flux decline ratio (FDR), percentage increase in feed solution concentration (CF) and solute rejection (SR). Results show that operating FO at ∆Π<sub>high</sub> gave higher J<sub>w</sub> and lower FDR as compared to operating FO at ∆Π<sub>low</sub>, irrespective of feed solution composition. However operating FO at ∆Π<sub>low</sub> provided higher J<sub>w</sub> and lower FDR for FS1 (4.54 LMH and 36.1%) as compared to FS2 (4.15 LMH and 40.9%) and FS3 (3.20 LMH and 45.35%) whereas operating FO at ∆Π<sub>high</sub> provided higher J<sub>w</sub> and lower FDR for FS3 (6.18 LMH and 26.88%) and FS2 (6.16 LMH and 27.84%) as compared to FS1 (5.7 LMH and 32.52%). CF and SR were higher for experiments performed at ∆Π<sub>high</sub> as compared to ∆Π<sub>low</sub>, irrespective of feed solution composition. Solutes like magnesium and chromium had good rejection (&gt;80%) at ∆Π<sub>high</sub> and ∆Π<sub>low</sub>, irrespective of FS type. Potassium and Ammonium had low rejection at ∆Π<sub>high</sub> and ∆Π<sub>low</sub> for FS3, FS2 and FS1 respectively. Essentially, by emphasizing osmotic pressure gradient as a critical component, this study suggested a methodical strategy to researching the FO process.</p> Sameer Sayyad, Absar Kazmi Copyright (c) 2024 ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/12967 Fri, 30 Aug 2024 10:45:36 +0700