Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Sago (MetroxylonSagu) Starch Modified with Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and UV Rotary Drying
Keywords:
Sago starch, modification, rotary drying, lactic acid, ultraviolet, properties
Abstract
Modification of sago starch using acid hydrolysis will change some physicochemical and rheological properties. Sago is easy to grow in tropical areas of coastal areas, many found in eastern Indonesia has a simple ergonomic terms. Ingredients of sago starch is consist of 20-30% amylose and 70-80% amylopectin which make sago starch difficult to dissolve in cold water, easy to gelatinize, high viscosity, hard and not expands in baking process. This study will analyse modified sago using lactic acid hydrolysis method and use UV rotary drying for 20 minutes. The properties of modified sago starch were observed i.e. pH, density, solubility, swelling power, and baking expansion. Time variables hydrolysis is 10; 15; 20; 25; and 30 minutes with a rotation speed of 8 rpm at room temperature. The results showed that the solubility, swelling power and baking expansion was increase. The density results showed that the longer acid hydrolysis time can make the smaller in the density. Solubility and swelling power showed increasing significantly compared to native sago starch. Modification by using UV light changes significantly the properties characteristics of product.
References
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21. Leach, H.W., Mc Cowen, L.D, and Schoch T.J. Structure of the starch granules. In: swelling and solubility patterns of variousstarches [J]. Cereal Chem. 1959. Vol. 36, hh. 534-544.
22. Lee, J.S., Kumar, R.N., Rozman, R.N., and Azemi, B.M.N. Pasting, Swelling, Solubility Properties of UV Initiated Starch-Graft-Poly [J]. Food Chemistry.2005.Vol. 91. hh. 203-211.
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25. Muhammad, H.F., Nasser, T.,Hossein, A., and Abdorreza, M.N. Effects of Κ-Carrageenan on Rheological Properties of Dually Modified Sago Starch: Towards Finding Gelatin Alternative For Hard Capsules [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015. Vol. 132, hh. 156-163. (doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.033).
26. Nakazawa, Y., and Wang, Y.J. Acid Hydrolysis Of Native And Annealed Starches and Branch-Structure of Their Naegelidextrins [J]. Carbohydrate Research, 2003. Vol. 338, No. 24, hh. 2871-2882.
27. Nwokocha, L. M. A Comparative Study of Some Properties of Cassava (Manihotesculenta,Crantz)[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2008. (doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.10.034)
28. Oates, C.G. Towards an Understanding of Starch Granule Structure and Hydrolysis [J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 1997. Vol. 8, No.11, hh. 375-382.
29. Omojola, M.O., Manu, M., and Thomas, S.A. Effect of Acid Hydrolysis on The Physicochemical Properties of Cola Starch [J]. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2011. Vol. 5, No. 9, hh. 307-315.
30. Rukmi, W., and Siwi, K 2010. Studi Perubahan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tepung Ubi Jalar Putih (IpoemabatatasVarSukuh) sebagai Efek Modifikas Menggunakan Metode Heat Moisture Treatment.Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
31. Shi, Y.C., and Seib, P.A.The structure of four waxy starches related to gelatinization and retrogradation [J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1992. Vol. 227, hh. 131-145.
32. Sumardiono, Siswo., Pudjihastuti, Isti., Budiyono, Hartanto, Hansen., and Sophiana, Intan Clarissa. Combination Process Method of Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation for Cassava Starch Modification [J]. International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2016). 2016. AIP Conf. Proc. (doi: 10.1063/1.4982286).
33. Sumardiono, Siswo., Pudjihastuti, Isti., Jos, Bakti., Taufani, Muhammad., and Yahya, Faad. Modification of Cassava Starch Using Combination Process Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and Micro Wave Heating to Increase Coated Peanut Expansion Quality [J]. InternationalSeminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2016).2016. AIP Conf. Proc.(doi:10.1063/1.4982285).
34. Sumardiono, Siswo and Rakhmawati, R. B. Physicochemical Properties of Sago Starch Under Various Modification Process: An Overview[J]. Advanced Science Letters. 2017. Vol. 23, hh. 5789–5791.
35. Sumardiono, Siswo., Djaeni, Mohamad., Jos, Bakti., Pudjihastuti, Isti., and Abdallatif, Mohamed. Modification Chemical and Physical Modification of Cassava Starch Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol Under Oven and Solar Drying [J]. Advanced Science Letters. 2017. Vol. 23, hh. 5792–5795.
36. Syahariza, Z.A., and Yong, H.Y. Evaluation of Rheological and Textural Properties of Texture-Modified Rice Porridge Using Tapioca and Sago Starch As Thickener [J]. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2017. (doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9538-x)
37. Thirathumthavorn, D., and Charoenrein, S. Thermal and Pasting No Properties of Acid-treated Rice Starches [J]. Starch. 2005. Vol. 57, No. 5, hh. 217-222. (DOI: 10.1002/star.200400332.)
38. Tonukari, N.J. Cassava and Future of Starch.Electronic [J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2004.Vol. 7, No.1.
39. Uthumporn, U., Shariffa, Y.N., and Karim, A.A. Hydrolysis of Native and Heat-Treated Starches at Sub-Gelatinization Temperature Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme [J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2012. Vol. 166, No.5, hh. 1167-1182.
40. Veiga, J.P.S., Valle, T.L., Feltran, J.C. and Bizzo, W.A. Characterization and Productivity of Cassava Waste and Its Use As an Energy Source [J]. Renewable Energy, 2016.Vol. 93, hh. 691-699.
41. Wang, W.J., Powell, A.D., and Oates, C.G. Pattern of Enzyme Hydrolysis In Raw Sago Starch: Effects of Processing History [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 1995. Vol. 26, No. 2, hh. 91-97. (doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(94)00090-G).
42. Wang, X., Wen, F., Zhang, S., Shen, R., Jiang, W., and Liu, J. Effect of Acid Hydrolysis on Morphology, Structure and Digestion Property of Starch From Cynanchumauriculatumroyle Ex Wight [J]. International Journal of BiologicalMacromolecules.2017. Vol. 96, hh. 807-816.
43. Wong, C.W., Muhammad, S.K.S., Dzulkifly, M.H., Saari, N., and Ghazali, H.M. Enzymatic Production of Linier Long-Chain Dextrin From Sago (Metroxylon sagu) [J]. Starch Food Chemistry, 2007. Vol. 100, hh. 774-780.
44. Yasir, A., Pinku, P., Kamol, D., Ruhul, A.K., Mubarak, A.K., and Chowdhury, A.M.S. Fabrication and Characterization of Monomer Treated Sago Starch Film: Role of Gamma Irradiation [J]. International Journal of Plastics Technology. 2014. Vol. 18, No .2, hh. 280-293.
45. Zhu, F. Composition, Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and Modifications Of Cassava Starch [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2014. In press.
2. Ambarsari, I., Haryadi., and Cahyanto, M.Nur. Karakteristik Tepung Hasil Modifikasi Chip Ubikayu Dengan Asam Laktat Dan Hidrogen Peroksida. 2011. In press.
3. Atichokudomchaia, Napaporn. Sujin, Shobsngobb., and Saiyavit, Varavinita. Morphological Properties of Acid-Modified Tapioca Starch. Weinheim. 2000. hh. 283-289.
4. Bertolini, A.C., Mestres, C., Colonna, P., and Raffi, J. Free Radical Formation in UV and Gamma Irradiated Cassava Starch [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2000. Vol. 44, hh. 269-271.
5. Bertolini, A. C., Mestres, C., Raffi, J., Bulon, A., and Lemer, D. P. Relationship between thermomechanical properties and baking expansion of sour cassava starch (Polvilho Azedo) [J]. Colonna, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001. Vol. 49, hh. 675.
6. Bamforth, Dr. Charles., W Barley and Malt. Starch in Brewing : A General Review [J]. Master Brewers Association of the Americas (MBAA).2003. Vol. 40, No.2, hh. 89 –97.
7. Chen, Y., Huang, S., Tang, Z., Chen, X., and Zhang, Z. Structural Changes Of Cassavastarch Granules Hydrolyzed By A Mixture of Amylase and Glucoamylase [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011. Vol. 85, No. 1, hh. 272–275. (doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.047).
8. Daramola, B., and Osanyinlusi, S.A. Investigation on modification of cassava starch using active components of ginger roots (Zingiberofficinale Roscoe) [J]. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2006. Vol. 5, No. 10. hh 917 –920.
9. Demiate, I.M., N. Duppy, J.P. Huvene and G. Wosiacki. Relationship Between Baking Behavior of Modified Cassava Starch and Starch Chemical Structure Determined By FTIR Spectroscopy [J]. Carbohydrate Polymer. 2000. Vol. 42, hh. 149-158.
10. Elham, Fouladi., and Abdorreza, M.N. Effects Of Acid-Hydrolysis and Hydroxypropylation on Functional Properties of Sago Starch [J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2014. Vol. 68, hh. 251-257.
11. Flach, Michiel. Sago palm MetroxylonsaguRottb.International Plant Genetic Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops.13. 1997. Institute of Plant Genetics. Germany.
12. Govindasamy, S., Oates, C.G., and Wong, H.A. Characterization of Changes of Sago Starch Components During Hydrolysis By a Thermostable Alpha-Amylase [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 1992. Vol. 18, No. 2, hh. 89-100. (doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(92)90130-I.)
13. Hee-Young, A. Effects of Ozonation and Addition Of Amino Acid on Properties of Rice Starches. dissertation A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty Of The Louisiana state University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. 2005.
14. Henry F., L.C. Costa, and Chodur, C.A. Influence ofIonizing Radiation on Physical Properties of Native and Chemically Modified Starches [J]. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2010. hh.75-82.
15. Hongsprabhas, P., Israkarn, K. and Rattanawattanaprakit, C. Architectural Changes Of Heated Mungbean, Rice and Cassava Starch Granules: Effects Of Hydrocolloids and Protein Containing Envelope [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007. Vol. 67. hh. 614-622.
16. Kainuma K, Odat T, Cuzuki, S Study Of Starch Phosphates Monoester [J]. Journal Technol, Sco. Starch1967. Vol. 14, hh. 24-28.
17. Karim, A.A., Nadiha, M.Z., Chen, F.K., Phuah, Y.P., Chui, Y.M., and Fazilah, A. Pasting and Retrogradation Properties Of Alkali-Treated Sago (Metroxylonsagu) Starch [J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2008. Vol. 22, hh. 1044-1053.
18. Klanarong, Sriroth., Kuakoon, Piyachomwan., Kunruedee, Sangseethong., and Christopher, Oates. Modification of Cassava Starch Paper of X International Starch Convention, Cracow, Poland, 2002.
19. Kumalasari, Kardina Enny Dian ., Legowo, Anang Mohamad., and Al-Baarri, Ahmad Nimatullah. Total Bakteri Asam Laktat, Kadar Laktosa, pH, Keasaman, Kesukaan Drink Yogurt dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Kelengkeng [J]. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan, 2013.Vol. .2. No. 4. hh. 165-168.
20. Lai, J.C., Rahman, W.A., and Toh, W.Y.Characterisation of Sago Pith Waste and Its Composites [J]. Industrial Crops and Products. 2013. Vol. 45, hh. 319-326.
21. Leach, H.W., Mc Cowen, L.D, and Schoch T.J. Structure of the starch granules. In: swelling and solubility patterns of variousstarches [J]. Cereal Chem. 1959. Vol. 36, hh. 534-544.
22. Lee, J.S., Kumar, R.N., Rozman, R.N., and Azemi, B.M.N. Pasting, Swelling, Solubility Properties of UV Initiated Starch-Graft-Poly [J]. Food Chemistry.2005.Vol. 91. hh. 203-211.
23. Masschelein, W.J. Ultra violet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitatoion.Lewis Publishers is an Imprint of CRC Press LLC. 2002.
24. Moorthy, S.N., Andersson, L.A., Eliasson, A.C., Santacruz, S., and Ruales, J. Determination of Amylose Content In Different Starches Using Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry [J]. Wiley starch starke. 2006. Vol. 58, No.5, hh. 290-214.
25. Muhammad, H.F., Nasser, T.,Hossein, A., and Abdorreza, M.N. Effects of Κ-Carrageenan on Rheological Properties of Dually Modified Sago Starch: Towards Finding Gelatin Alternative For Hard Capsules [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2015. Vol. 132, hh. 156-163. (doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.033).
26. Nakazawa, Y., and Wang, Y.J. Acid Hydrolysis Of Native And Annealed Starches and Branch-Structure of Their Naegelidextrins [J]. Carbohydrate Research, 2003. Vol. 338, No. 24, hh. 2871-2882.
27. Nwokocha, L. M. A Comparative Study of Some Properties of Cassava (Manihotesculenta,Crantz)[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2008. (doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.10.034)
28. Oates, C.G. Towards an Understanding of Starch Granule Structure and Hydrolysis [J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 1997. Vol. 8, No.11, hh. 375-382.
29. Omojola, M.O., Manu, M., and Thomas, S.A. Effect of Acid Hydrolysis on The Physicochemical Properties of Cola Starch [J]. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2011. Vol. 5, No. 9, hh. 307-315.
30. Rukmi, W., and Siwi, K 2010. Studi Perubahan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tepung Ubi Jalar Putih (IpoemabatatasVarSukuh) sebagai Efek Modifikas Menggunakan Metode Heat Moisture Treatment.Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
31. Shi, Y.C., and Seib, P.A.The structure of four waxy starches related to gelatinization and retrogradation [J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1992. Vol. 227, hh. 131-145.
32. Sumardiono, Siswo., Pudjihastuti, Isti., Budiyono, Hartanto, Hansen., and Sophiana, Intan Clarissa. Combination Process Method of Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation for Cassava Starch Modification [J]. International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2016). 2016. AIP Conf. Proc. (doi: 10.1063/1.4982286).
33. Sumardiono, Siswo., Pudjihastuti, Isti., Jos, Bakti., Taufani, Muhammad., and Yahya, Faad. Modification of Cassava Starch Using Combination Process Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and Micro Wave Heating to Increase Coated Peanut Expansion Quality [J]. InternationalSeminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering (ISFAChE 2016).2016. AIP Conf. Proc.(doi:10.1063/1.4982285).
34. Sumardiono, Siswo and Rakhmawati, R. B. Physicochemical Properties of Sago Starch Under Various Modification Process: An Overview[J]. Advanced Science Letters. 2017. Vol. 23, hh. 5789–5791.
35. Sumardiono, Siswo., Djaeni, Mohamad., Jos, Bakti., Pudjihastuti, Isti., and Abdallatif, Mohamed. Modification Chemical and Physical Modification of Cassava Starch Using Lactic Acid and Ethanol Under Oven and Solar Drying [J]. Advanced Science Letters. 2017. Vol. 23, hh. 5792–5795.
36. Syahariza, Z.A., and Yong, H.Y. Evaluation of Rheological and Textural Properties of Texture-Modified Rice Porridge Using Tapioca and Sago Starch As Thickener [J]. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2017. (doi.org/10.1007/s11694-017-9538-x)
37. Thirathumthavorn, D., and Charoenrein, S. Thermal and Pasting No Properties of Acid-treated Rice Starches [J]. Starch. 2005. Vol. 57, No. 5, hh. 217-222. (DOI: 10.1002/star.200400332.)
38. Tonukari, N.J. Cassava and Future of Starch.Electronic [J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2004.Vol. 7, No.1.
39. Uthumporn, U., Shariffa, Y.N., and Karim, A.A. Hydrolysis of Native and Heat-Treated Starches at Sub-Gelatinization Temperature Using Granular Starch Hydrolyzing Enzyme [J]. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2012. Vol. 166, No.5, hh. 1167-1182.
40. Veiga, J.P.S., Valle, T.L., Feltran, J.C. and Bizzo, W.A. Characterization and Productivity of Cassava Waste and Its Use As an Energy Source [J]. Renewable Energy, 2016.Vol. 93, hh. 691-699.
41. Wang, W.J., Powell, A.D., and Oates, C.G. Pattern of Enzyme Hydrolysis In Raw Sago Starch: Effects of Processing History [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 1995. Vol. 26, No. 2, hh. 91-97. (doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(94)00090-G).
42. Wang, X., Wen, F., Zhang, S., Shen, R., Jiang, W., and Liu, J. Effect of Acid Hydrolysis on Morphology, Structure and Digestion Property of Starch From Cynanchumauriculatumroyle Ex Wight [J]. International Journal of BiologicalMacromolecules.2017. Vol. 96, hh. 807-816.
43. Wong, C.W., Muhammad, S.K.S., Dzulkifly, M.H., Saari, N., and Ghazali, H.M. Enzymatic Production of Linier Long-Chain Dextrin From Sago (Metroxylon sagu) [J]. Starch Food Chemistry, 2007. Vol. 100, hh. 774-780.
44. Yasir, A., Pinku, P., Kamol, D., Ruhul, A.K., Mubarak, A.K., and Chowdhury, A.M.S. Fabrication and Characterization of Monomer Treated Sago Starch Film: Role of Gamma Irradiation [J]. International Journal of Plastics Technology. 2014. Vol. 18, No .2, hh. 280-293.
45. Zhu, F. Composition, Structure, Physicochemical Properties, and Modifications Of Cassava Starch [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2014. In press.
Published
2018-12-31
How to Cite
Sumardiono, S., Rakhmawati, R. B., & Pudjihastuti, I. (2018). Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Sago (MetroxylonSagu) Starch Modified with Lactic Acid Hydrolysis and UV Rotary Drying. ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 18(2), 41-53. Retrieved from https://dev.journal.ugm.ac.id/v3/AJChE/article/view/9023
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