SPIRITUAL HIBRIDITY OF NATIVE AMERICAN IN LOUIS EDRICH’S THE ROUND HOUSE: POSTCOLONIAL STUDIES

https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v7i2.62748

Achmad Faqih(1*), Muh Arif Rokhman(2)

(1) 
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Louis Edrich is a contemporary Native American writer who writes The Round House. The novel portrays the complexities of individual and cultural identity, focuses on the exigencies of marginalization and cultural survival, which happened to Native Americans, as well as concerns about spirituality and the hybrid form of religion, known as spiritual hybridity. Spiritual hybridity appears to be common practices for Native Americans after the arrival of European and the massive spreading of Christianity. This study is conducted to probe the representation of the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans. The novel is examined using Bhabha’s theory on Hybridity. The dialogue and narration in the form of words, phrases, and sentences in the novel are treated as a data source representing the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans. The analysis results in the representation of the spiritual hybridity of Native Americans,which can be considered as their defense against Christian hegemony. Besides, the representation of spiritual hybridity, as a form of third space, occurs due to a mixture of religious beliefs committed by Native Americans after experiencing religious oppression or discrimination. Spiritual hybridity can be concluded as a new pattern of the struggle and resistance of Native Americans to fight for their tradition. Nowadays, spiritual hybridity for Native American remains a form of resistance towards Christian hegemony.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Althuser, Louis. G. M. Goshgarian, Etienne Balibar, Jacques Bidet. (2014). On the Reproduction of Capitalism: Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses. Verso Press.

Aschorft, Bill. Griffths, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen. (2007). Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group: London & New York.

Axtell, James. (1986). THE INVASION WITHIN: The Contest of Culture in Colonial North America. Oxford University Press.

Bhabha, Homi K. (2012). The Location of Culture. New York Routledge.

Bhabha, Homi K. (1991). “The Third Space: Interview with K. Bhabha” in Jonathan Rutherford (ed), Identity, Culture, Difference. London: Lawrence & Wishart.

Brooks, Joanna. (2003). American Lazarus: Religion and the Rise of African-American and Native American Literatures. Oxford University Press.

Cornille, Cathrine. (2002). “Introduction: The Dynamics of Multiple Belonging.” Many Mansions?: Multiple Religious Belonging and Christian Identity. Wipf and Stock Publishers.

Deloira, Vine. (1991). Sacred Land and Religious Freedom. NARF Legal review, 16(2), 1-15.

Edrich, Luis. (2012). The Round House. Harper Collins.

Fairchild, E. (1896). “The Function of the Church.” American Journal of Sociology, 2(2), 220-233. Retrieved January 11, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/2761665.

Gonzales, Yolanda. (2002). “Indianizing Catholicism: Chicana/India/Mexicana Indigenous Spiritual Practices in Our Image.” Chicana Traditions: Continuity and Change. ed. Norma & Olga. University of Illinios Press.

Gray, Richard. (1982). “Christianity, Colonialism, and Communications in Subsaharan Africa.” Journal of Black Studies, 13(1), 59-72.

Kim-Prieto, Chu. (2016). Religion and Spirituality Across Cultures. Springer Netherlands.

Loomba, Ania. (2005). Colonialism/Post-colonialism. London and New York: Routledge.

Martin, Joel. W (1999). Native American Religion. New York; Oxford University Press, Inc.

Pingelton, Timothy J. (2017). Reading and Interpreting the Works of Ernest Hemingway. Enslow Pub Inc.

Roberts, M. (2010). “Religious Belonging and the Multiple.” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 26(1), 43-62. DOI: 10.2979/fsr.2010.26.1.43.

Rowe, J. C. (2000). Post-Nationalist American Studies. University of California Press.

Stayers, R. (2009). Postcolonial Theory and the Study of Christian History. Church History, 78(4), 849-854. Retrieved April 2, 2019, from www.jstor.org/stable/20618795

Sommers, Shirley M and Harushimana, Immaculee. (2016). African Immigrants' Experiences in American Schools: Complicating the Race Discourse (Race and Education in the Twenty-First Century). Lexington Books.

Tore, Miguel A. De La. (2009). Hispanic American Religious Cultures. Greenwood Publishing Group.

Vernon, Irene S. (1999). “The Claiming of Christ: Native American Postcolonial Discourses.” Oxford University Press. MELUS, 24(2), 75-88.

Werbner, P. (2001). “The Limits of Cultural Hybridity: On Ritual Monsters, Poetic Licence and Contested Postcolonial Purifications.” The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 7(1), 133-152. Retrieved January 15, 2020 from www.jstor.org/stable/2660840



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v7i2.62748

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1802 | views : 1715

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed by:

   Crossref Google Scholar JournalStories Main logo  OAI logo  

View My Stats

ISSN & E-ISSN