Socio-Economic and Living Conditions of Internal Migrant Labour Living in Visakhapatnam City, India

https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.44147

Godi Rajendra Varma(1*), Godi Sudhakar(2)

(1) Department of Human Genetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India
(2) Department of Human Genetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


India has seen a high internal migration rate in recent years and among the internal migrants, there is a substantial proportion of poorer migrants involved in low paid and low earning jobs. The present paper reports few socio-economic characteristics and their living conditions of poor migrant labour living in Visakhapatnam city, India, which is one of the world’s fastest growing cities. Migration is one of the reasons for its growth. Data were collected from a sample of 2000 households (with migration duration of 30 days to 10 years) living in 10 slums. This study reveals that migrants are living in sub-human living conditions and are vulnerable to all sorts of risks. It further reports the poor quality of living conditions and services. The vulnerability is a state of being exposed to or susceptible to neglect, which leads to less control over the resources available in the city. They also encounter several constraints such as lack of political voice and basic facilities, low-paid, insecure and hazardous working conditions and less or no access to health care and education. Hence, the government has to recognize poor migrants as a vulnerable urban section that needs special and targeted interventions to improve their living conditions.


Keywords


migration; labour; urban; slum

Full Text:

PDF


References

Abbas, R. & Varma, D. 2014. Internal Labor Migration in India Raises Integration Challenges for Migrants. Migration Information Source, Migration Policy Institute, Washington, DC.

Babu, B.V., Kusuma, Y.S., Muthuswamy, S., Lal, D., Marimuthu, P., Geddam, J.J.B. et al. 2017. Living conditions of internal migrants: A nationwide study of 13 Indian cities. Int J Migration Border Studies, 3, 328-351.

Bhagat, R. B. 2009. Internal Migration in India: Are the Underclass More Mobile? Paper presented in the26th IUSSP General Population Conference held in Marrakech, Morocco, 27 September- 2 October 2009. Accessed at http://iussp2009.princeton. edu/papers/90927 on 15th January 2016.

Bhagat, R.B. 2008. Assessing the measurement of internal migration in India. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 17 (1), 91-102.

Census of India. 2011. Provisional Population Tables. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Government of India, New Delhi, India.

Andhra Pradesh. 2016. Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs. Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Amaravathi (Retrieved 29 January 2016).

Government of India. 1996. Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condition of Service) Act-1996. Ministry of Labour, Government of India, New Delhi.

Government of India. 2011. Report of the Working Group on Urban Poverty, Slums, and Service Delivery System, Steering Committee on Urbanization, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi.

Gupta, K., Arnold, F. & Lhungdim, H. 2009. National Family Health Survey-3, 2005- 06. Health and Living Conditions in Eight Indian Cities. International Institute of Population Sciences, Mumbai, India & ICF Macro, Calverton, Maryland, USA.

Kusuma, Y. S., Pandav, C. S., & Babu, B. V. 2014. Socio-demographic profile of socioeconomically disadvantaged internal migrants in Delhi. Journal of Identity and Migration Studies, 8(2), 37.

Lwanga, S.K. & Lemeshow, S. 1991. Sample Size Estimation in Health Studies. A Practical Manual. Geneva: World Health Organization.

National Sample Survey Organization. 2010. Migration in India (2007-2008). NSS 64th ROUND (July 2007 – June 2008).

National Sample Survey Office, Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi.

Sharma, A., Poonia, S., Babar, M., Singh, V., Singh, P. & Jha, L.K. 2011. Political Inclusion of Migrant Workers: Perceptions, Realities and Challenges. Paper presented at Workshop on Political Inclusion of Migrant Workers and their Access to Basic Services, Lucknow, India, March 10-11, 2011.

Srivastava, R. 2011. Internal Migration in India: An Overview of its Features, Trends and Policy Challenges. Social and Human Sciences Sector, UNICEF.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.44147

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2249 | views : 1589

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Populasi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


Copyright of Jurnal Populasi ISSN 0853-6202 (PRINT), ISSN: 2476-941X (ONLINE).


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Populasi Indexed by:

  ROAD  

web
analytics View My Stats