POWER RELATIONS ON FEMALE BODY IN SENO GUMIRA AJIDARMA’S SHORT STORY

https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v9i1.56477

Sulistya Ningtyas(1*)

(1) Universitas Dian Nusantara, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study explored the practice of power relations and the panopticon as a disciplinary mechanism in Seno Gumira Ajidarma’s Istana Tembok Bolong short story. ‘Istana tembok bolong’ in this literary work refers to a place near a train station that is separated from the outside area by a perforated wall, which turns to be a palace for the lower class of society occupying the space. By using Foucauldian analysis, this study examined the case of ‘selling matches’ as the central issue of the story being discussed. This phenomenon that occurred in Yogyakarta in the 1970s became the media of the manifestation of power over street prostitutes. The results showed that power relations operate as a means to control the body, particularly female bodies. This is because female bodies become commodities as a result of capitalism. However, in a certain situation, these street prostitutes can also hold power in a way how their bodies are enjoyed. Besides, social norms outside the palace function as a panopticon that makes the inhabitants have self-awareness as they feel constantly monitored.

 

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi praktik relasi kuasa dan panoptikon sebagai mekanisme pendisiplinan dalam cerita pendek Istana Tembok Bolong karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma. ‘Istana tembok bolong’ dalam karya sastra ini merujuk pada sebuah tempat di dekat stasiun kereta api yang terpisahkan dari area luarnya oleh dinding yang berlubang, yang dianggap sebagai istana oleh masyarakat kelas bawah yang menempati ruang tersebut. Dengan menggunakan analisis Foucauldian, penelitian ini melihat fenomena ‘jual korek api’, yang merupakan isu utama dari cerita yang dibahas di sini. Fenomena yang terjadi di Yogyakarta pada tahun 1970-an tersebut menjadi media perwujudan kuasa terhadap pekerja seks jalanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa relasi kuasa beroperasi sebagai alat untuk mengendalikan tubuh, terutama tubuh perempuan. Hal ini karena tubuh perempuan menjadi komoditas sebagai akibat dari kapitalisme. Namun, dalam situasi tertentu, pekerja seks jalanan tersebut juga dapat memegang kekuasaan terkait bagaimana tubuh mereka dinikmati. Selain itu, norma-norma sosial di luar istana berfungsi sebagai panoptikon yang membuat penghuninya memiliki kesadaran diri karena mereka merasa terus-menerus diawasi.


Keywords


Power; Panopticon; Female Body; ‘Selling Matches’; Istana Tembok Bolong

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ajidarma, S. G. (2016). Istana Tembok Bolong. In P. Arcana (Ed.), Tanah Air, Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 2016. Penerbit Buku Kompas.

Arcana, P. F. (2017). Cerpen Pilihan Kompas 2016. Penerbit Buku Kompas.

Asl, M. P. (2020). The Politics of Space: Vietnam as a Communist Heterotopia in Viet Thanh Nguyen’s The Refugees. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 26(1), 156–170.

Danerek, S. (2013). Cerpen Koran: Its Canon and Counter-World. Indonesia and the Malay World, 41(121), 418–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2013.826425

Edkins, J., & Vaughan, N. W. (2010). Teori-Teori Kritis. Penerbit Baca.

Farid, M. R. A. (2019). Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Ketimpangan Relasi Kuasa. Jurnal Studi Gender, 14(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.21580/sa.v14i2.4062

Fikrawin. (2007). Relasi-relasi Kekuasaan.

Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Pantheon Books.

Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge. Pantheon Books.

Foucault, M. (1982). The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry, 8(4), 777–795.

Foucault, M. (1998). The History of Sexuality: The Will to Knowledge. Penguin.

Foucault, M. (2008). Sejarah Seksualtas: Seks dan Kekuasaan (R. S. Hidayat, Trans.). Gramedia.

Grose, R. G., Chen, J. S., Roof, K. A., Rachel, S., & Yount, K. M. (2021). Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes of Violence Against Women and Girls in Lower-Income Countries: A Review of Reviews. Journal of Sex Research, 58(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1707466

Heilman, M., & Eagly, A. H. (2008). Gender Stereotypes are Alive, Well, and Busy Producing Workplace Discrimination. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(4), 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2008.00072.x

James, F. (2020). Ethics Review, Neoliberal Governmentality and the Activation of Moral Subjects. Educational Philosophy and Theory. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1761327.

King, A. (2004). The Prisoner of Gender: Foucault and the Disciplining of the Female Body. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 5(2), 29–39.

Kurnia, N. I., Nurgiyantoro, B., & Fitri, C. E. (2021). The Othering of Majority and Minority Groups in Lessing and Ajidarma’s Literary Works: A Postcolonial Analysis. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 21(1), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2021-2101-05

Maemanah, D. (2012). Relasi Kekuasaan dalam Novel Mautu Ar-Rajuli Alwahidi Al-Ardhi Karya Nawal As-Sa’dawi.

McGushin, E. (2005). Foucault and the Problem of the Subject. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 31(5–6), 623–648.

Muzakka, M., & Suyanto, S. (2020). The Gender Equality Struggles in The Novel of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and Gadis Pantai. Jurnal Poetika, 8(2), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.60528

Norlin, B. (2020). Comenius, Moral and Pious Education, and the Why, When and How of School Discipline. History of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0046760X.2020.1739759.

Ozcurumez, S., Akyuz, S., & Bradby, H. (2021). The Conceptualization Problem in Research and Responses to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Forced Migration. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(1), 66–78.

Pylypa, J. (1998). Power and Bodily Practice: Applying the Work of Foucault to an Anthropology of the Body. Arizona Anthropologist, 13, 21–36.

Sarup, M. (2011). Postrukturalisme & Posmodernisme. Jalasutra.

Schubert, K. (2020). Freedom as Critique: Foucault Beyond Anarchism. Philosophy and Social Criticism. https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453720917733.

Shimal, K. K., & Hanif, M. (2020). Power and Knowledge as Route to Social and Political Control as depicted in the novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(8), 175–191.

Souza, P. F., & Furlan, R. (2018). The Question of Subject in Foucault. Psicologia USP, 29(3), 325–335.

Suyono, S. J. (2002). Tubuh yang Rasis. Pustaka Pelajar Offset.

Zhang, A. (2020). Chinese Practice of Foucault’s ‘Disciplinary Power’ and Its Effects on the Rehabilitation of Female Prisoners in China. The British Journal of Criminology, 60(3), 662–680.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v9i1.56477

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2573 | views : 1948

Refbacks





Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal POETIKA

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

ISSN 2503-4642 (online) | 2338-5383 (print)
Copyright © Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

free web stats View My Stats