* Corresponding Author
In vitro study of the stretching time-associated force magnitude generated by NiTi and stainless-steel closed coil springs
https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.74970 Jennifer Xavier Ongko(1), Muslim Yusuf(2*), Siti Bahirrah(3)
(1) Orthodontics Specialty Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra
(2) Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera, Medan, North Sumatra
(3) Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera, Medan, North Sumatra
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Closed coil spring is an additional tool in a fixed-orthodontic treatment. NiTi is an orthodontic alloy that has shape memory and elasticity features, while stainless steel has properties of malleability, low friction between wire-bracket, as well as easy soldering and welding. Various properties of closed coil springs have been widely studied, but research on the stretching time remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect and differences in the stretching time for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days on the force magnitude of NiTi and stainless-steel (SS) closed coil spring. A 7 x 5 x 1 cm acrylic blocks with 1 cm acrylic posts were employed, and 25 mm closed coil springs were attached to the acrylic posts using modified T-sticks. The springs were immersed in an artificial saliva with pH of 6.75 for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in an incubator at 37 °C. The container was removed from the incubator and the force was measured using a universal testing machine. Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test was carried out to analyze parametric
data, while independent T-test was used to determine the difference between each group. There was a significant effect of stretching time on the force magnitude of the SS closed coil spring in all the groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect of stretching time on the force of the NiTi closed coil spring on days 7, 14, and 21 (p > 0.05) but there was a significant effect on day 28 (p < 0.05). A significant effect between the ratio of the SS and NiTi closed coil spring (p < 0.05) was confirmed. Longer stretching time indicated a force loss in the SS closed-coil spring, while the NiTi spring had a more stable force which implies a formidable treatment-time for orthodontic treatment.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Mtaya M, Brudvik P, Astrøm AN. Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with
socio-demographic factors, dental caries, and oral hygiene in 12- to 14-year-old Tanzanian
schoolchildren. Eur J Orthod. 2009; 31(5): 467-746. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjn125
2. Lombardo G, Vena F, Negri P, Pagano S, Barilotti C, Paglia L, Colombo S, Orso M, Cianetti S. Worldwide prevalence of malocclusion in the different stages of dentition: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2020; 21(2): 115-122. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2020.21.02.05
3. Indonesia DKR. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas). In: Health, editor. Jakarta: Badan
Litbangkes, Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018.
4. Bilgic F, Gelgor IE, Celebi AA. Malocclusion prevalence and orthodontic treatment need
in central Anatolian adolescents compared to European and other nations’ adolescents.
Dental Press J Orthod. 2015; 20(6): 75-81. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.20.6.075-081.oar
5. Bhalajhi S. Orthodontics: The Art and Sciences. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Arya Medi
Publishing House; 2011.
6. Manhartsberger C, Seidenbusch W. Force delivery of Ni-Ti coil springs. Am J Orthod
Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109(1): 8-21. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70158-0
7. Chand A, Tikku T, Khanna R, Maurya RP, Verma S, Srivastava K. Overview of different
methods of canine retraction. Heal Talk - Orthodontics. 2017; 09(05): 45-48.
8. Agarwal DK, Radzan A, Agarwal A, Bhattacharya P, Gupta A, Kapoor D. A comparative study of orthodontic coil springs. J Ind Orthod Soc. 2011; 45(4): 160-168.
doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1029
9. Angolkar PV, Arnold JV, Nanda RS, Duncanson MG. Force degradation of closed coil springs: An in vitro evaluation. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1992; 102(2): 127-133. doi: 10.1016/0889-5406(92)70024-5
10. Webb RI, Caputo AA, Chaconas SJ. Orthodontic force production by closed coil springs. Am J Orthod. 1978; 74(4): 405-409. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(78)90062-3
11. Hasan MK, Hassan GS, Rahman S, Ali MS, Rahman MA, Hasan MM, Tani RR. Space
closure rate in mandibular canine retraction by Ni-Ti closed coil spring: a clinical trial.
Medicine Today. 2021; 33(2): 90-93. doi: 10.3329/medtoday.v33i2.56050
12. Dixon V, Read MJ, O’Brien KD, Worthington HV, Mandall NA. A randomized clinical trial to
compare three methods of orthodontic space closure. J Orthod. 2002; 29(1): 31-36.
doi: 10.1093/ortho/29.1.31
13. Nattrass C, Ireland AJ, Sherriff M. The effect of environmental factors on elastomeric chain
and nickel titanium coil springs. Eur J Orthod. 1998; 20(2): 169-176. doi: 10.1093/ejo/20.2.169
14. Bokas J, Woods M. A clinical comparison between nickel titanium springs and
elastomeric chains. Aust Orthod J. 2006; 22(1): 39-46.
15. Samuels RH, Rudge SJ, Mair LH. A clinical study of space closure with nickel-titanium
closed coil springs and an elastic module. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 114(1):
73-79. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70241-0
16. Khalid Z, Bangash AA, Anwar A, Pasha H, Amin E. Canine retraction using a closed nickel
titanium coil spring and an elastic module. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018; 28(9): 695698.
doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.09.695
17. Talwar A, Bhat SR. Comparative evaluation of Nickel-Titanium closed coil spring and
Elastomeric chain for canine retraction. A Randomized Clinical Trial. IOSR Journal of
Dental and Medical Sciences. 2018; 17(10): 70-75. doi: 10.9790/0853-1710097075
18. Nightingale C, Jones SP. A clinical investigation of force delivery systems for orthodontic space closure. J Orthod. 2003; 30(3): 229-236. doi: 10.1093/ortho/30.3.229
19. Shaddud AN, Kosyreva TF. An in vitro study of the stretching time-associated force loss
generated by elastomeric chains and NiTi closed coil springs. Stomatologiia (Mosk).
2018; 97(6): 13-16. doi: 10.17116/stomat20189706113
20. Barsoum HA, ElSayed HS, El Sharaby FA, Palomo JM, Mostafa YA. Comprehensive
comparison of canine retraction using NiTi closed coil springs vs elastomeric chains.
Angle Orthod. 2021; 91(4): 441-448. doi: 10.2319/110620-916.1
21. Pratomo HG, Mardiati E, Soemantri ES, Evangelina IA. Deflection test on different
orthodontic wire materials sized 0.016 x 0.022 inches. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia.
2019; 4(3): 142-148. doi: 10.22146/majkedgiind.31236
22. Melsen B, Topp LF, Melsen HM, Terp S. Force system developed from closed coil springs.
European Journal of Orthodontics. 1994; 16(6): 531-539. doi: 10.1093/ejo/16.6.531
23. Alhasyimi AA, Sunarintyas S, Soesatyo MH. Pengaruh implantasi subkutan logam kobalt
kromium sebagai bahan alternatif mini screw orthodontics terhadap reaksi jaringan kelinci
albino. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia. 2015; 1(1): 94-101.
doi: 10.22146/majkedgiind.9018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.74970
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 594
| 
views : 546
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.