Vegetasi Habitat Komodo dalam Bentang Alam Riung dan Pulau Ontoloe di Nusa Tenggara Timur

https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.24530

Willem Amu Blegur(1*), Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan(2), Su Ritohardoyo(3)

(1) Mahasiswa Sekolah Pascasarjana Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(2) Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Indonesia
(3) Fakultas Geograἀ Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Penelitian ini mengkaji vegetasi habitat komodo dalam bentang alam Riung dan Ontoloe. Ekosistem karst mendominasi di Riung dan Ontoloe. Lokasi kajian merupakan taman nasional yaitu CA Wolo Tado, CA Riung dan TWAL 17 Pulau. Taman nasional ditetapkan pada tahun 1992 dan 1996. Pembakaran sabana di hutan sabana atau savanna woodland dengan skala kecil menjaga ketersediaan sabana di Pulau Besar, Flores. Sabana tersebut merupakan sumber makanan bagi pakan komodo yaitu rusa (Cervus timorensis). Sebaliknya, di Pulau Kecil atau Ontoloe tidak ada pembakaran sabana berskala kecil. Secara khusus, penelitian ini, mempelajari: a) tipe ekosistem penyusun bentang alam Pulau Besar dan Pulau Kecil; b) cacah jenis, densitas dan growth form vegetasi habitat; c) kualitas ἀsiko kimia tanah yaitu temperatur, tekstur, pH, NO3, NH4,  PO4, K tersedia; udara yaitu temperatur dan salinitas air ekosistem hutan bakau. Data dikoleksi dengan  kuadrat plot dengan bantuan transek. Ukuran plot pada ekosistem hutan bakau, hutan ekoton dan hutan legong 20mx20m dengan ulangan 4x. Sedangkan  padang rumput yang jarang pohon, ukuran plot 100mx100m dengan ulangan 4x. Data dicuplik berupa: cacah jenis, densitas dan growth form penyusun vegetasi.  Data ἀsikokimia  tanah, udara dan air dicuplik di bawah kanopi dan gap kanopi. Hasil yang diperoleh tipe ekosistem habitat di Pulau Besar lebih banyak daripada di Pulau Kecil yaitu ekosistem hutan bakau, hutan ekoton, hutan sabana, dan hutan legong. Cacah jenis, densitas dan growth form di Pulau Besar juga lebih tinggi daripada di Pulau Kecil. Hal ini merespon tekstur tanah, kadar NO3, kadar NH4 dan temperatur. Pada Pulau Kecil, ditemukan ancaman dengan densitas yang cukup tinggi per 4 ha yaitu sapling L. glauca 179 individu, A. lebbeck 353 individu dan semak L. camara 169 individu. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pembakaran hutan sabana dengan skala kecil menjaga ketersediaan sabana di Pulau Besar, sehingga komodo akan terlindungi.

 

This study examines the vegetation of Komodo habitat in the Riung and Ontoloe landscapes. the karst ecosystem dominates in Riung and Ontoloe. The study location is a national park of CA Wolo Tado, CA Riung and TWAL 17 Islands. National parks were set in 1992 and 1996. the savanna Ḁres in savanna woods or small-scale savanna woodland keep the availability of savannas on the Great Island of Flores. Sabana is a source of food for feeding dragons deer (Cervus timoren-sis). On the other hand, on Small Island or Ontoloe there is no small scale savanna burning. Speciacally, this study, studied: a) the type of ecosystem composing the landscape of Big Island and Small Islands; B) count type, density and growth form of habitat vegetation; C) quality of soil chemical physics ie temperature, texture, pH, NO3, NH4, PO4, K available; Air that is temperature and salinity water ecosystem of mangrove forest. Data collected with square plot with transect help. ἀe plot size of the mangrove ecosystem, the ecoton forest and the 20mx20m legong forest with 4x replications. While a rare meadow of trees, plot size 100mx100m with 4x repeat. ἀe data is cultivated in the form of: count type, density and growth form of vegetation. Physicochemical data of soil, air and water are collected under canopy and canopy gap. ἀe results obtained by habitat ecosystem type in Pulau Besar are more than in Small Island, ie mangrove forest ecosystem, ecoton forest, savannah forest, and forest legong. Character type, density and growth form on the Big Island is also higher than in Small Island. It responds to soil texture, NO3 levels, NH4 levels and temperature. On Small Island, there were threats with high density per 4 ha ie Sapling L. glauca 179 individuals, A. lebbeck 353 individuals and L. camara bushes 169 individuals. ἀis proves that small-scale savage forest savings keep the availability of savannas on the Big Island, so that the Komodo dragon will be protected.


Keywords


komodo; hutan bakau; hutan legong; hutan sabana

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/mgi.24530

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