Strategi Penghidupan Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Patamuan Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Pasca Gempa Bumi Tahun 2009

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian strategi penghidupan rumah tangga Kecamatan Patamuan pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perubahan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kecamatan Patamuan pasca terjadinya gempa bumi. Gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009 menyebabkan jatuhnya banyak korban jiwa serta kehancuran lingkungan fisik, termasuk rumah dan fasilitas umum yang berdampak pada kerugian sosial dan ekonomi yang menyebabkan masyarakat perlu mengatur strategi penghidupan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang kerentanan rumah tangga pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009 serta menganalisis strategi penghidupan rumah tangga di Kecamatan Patamuan pasca gempa bumi Sumatera Barat tahun 2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk sampling adalah survey dan untuk analisisnya menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan rumah tangga terbesar disebabkan oleh pendapatan rendah sebanyak 61 rumah tangga (40,67%), kerusakan rumah sebanyak 32 rumah tangga (21,33%), pendapatan berkurang sebanyak 17 rumah tangga (11,33%), anggota rumah tangga meninggal sebanyak 4 rumah tangga (2,67%), kehilangan pekerjaan sebanyak 3 rumah tangga (2,00%), kegagalan panen dan kegagalan usaha masing-masing sebanyak 25 orang (16,67%) dan 8 orang (5,33%). Strategi bertahan hidup yang umumnya dilakukan rumah tangga di antaranya strategi survival dengan cara membeli beras berkualitas rendah sebanyak 50 rumah tangga (33,33%), membeli padi yang belum ditumbuk menjadi beras sebanyak 14 rumah tangga (9,33%), dan 25 rumah tangga (16,67%) berhutang. Selanjutnya strategi konsolidasi dengan cara menanam sendiri ketela dan sayur-sayuran untuk dikonsumsi sehari-hari sebanyak 29 rumah tangga (19,34%), menanam padi ladang sebanyak 18 rumah tangga (12%), berjualan kecil-kecilan sebanyak 6 rumah tangga (4%), serta strategi akumulasi dengan cara beternak ayam sebanyak 8 rumah tangga (5,33%).

ABSTRACT The Research of household livelihood strategies of Patamuan District after West Sumatra earthquake is motivated by changes in socio-economic conditions of the District Patamuan due to the earthquake. West Sumatra earthquake in 2009 caused the loss of life and destruction of the physical environment including homes and public facilities that have an impact on social and economic losses caused people need to adjust livelihood strategies to maintain their live survival. This research aims to get an overview of the vulnerability of the household after the West Sumatra earthquake in 2009 and analyzing household livelihood strategies in Patamuan District of West Sumatra post earthquake in 2009. The research method used in this is to survey sampling using quantitative for analysis. The results of this study indicate that the largest household vulnerability caused by as many as 61 low-income households (40.67%), damage to house a total of 32 households (21.33%), revenues decreased by 17 households (11.33%), household member dies by 4 households (2.67%), loss of employment as much as 3 households (2.00%), crop failure and the failure of their respective businesses as many as 25 people (16.67%) and 8 (5.33%). Livelihood strategy is generally made them household is survival strategy by buying low-quality rice by 50 households (33.33%), buy paddy that has not been ground into rice a total of 14 households (9.33%), and 25 households (16.67 %) in debt. Further consolidation strategy alone by planting cassava and vegetables consumed daily for a total of 29 households (19.34%), plant rice fields a total of 18 households (12%), selling small as 6 households (4%), and accumulation strategies in how to raise chickens as much as 8 households (5.33%).