THE MODERATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BENEVOLENT LEADERSHIP AND WELL-BEING IN THE CONTEXT OF EMPLOYEES WITH DISABILITIES
Gugup Kismono(1*), Dwita Safira Pranabella(2)
(1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Main Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the moderating role of psychological empowerment on the relationship between benevolent leadership and employees’ well-being.
Novelty: Since research involving disabled employees is rare, this study adds to the current body of knowledge by confirming the links between benevolent leadership, job satisfaction, and perceived discrimination. It also aims to find out how psychological empowerment influences the relationship between benevolent leadership and job satisfaction, as well as the association between benevolent leadership and perceived discrimination.
Research methods: This research involves 85 respondents. They are employees with various disabilities working in different organizations. Moderated regression analysis is employed to analyze the data.
Finding/Results: This study found that benevolent leadership significantly affect employees’ well-being: job satisfaction, and perceived discrimination. In addition, as expected, psychological empowerment strengthens the positive impact of benevolent leadership on job satisfaction. On the contrary, psychological empowerment weakens the negative impact of benevolent leadership on perceived discrimination.
Conclusion: Based on the conservation of resources theory, resources provided by the organization, in this case is benevolent leadership, perceived by employees with disabilities as a recovery of the loss of resources (disabilities). Recruiting benevolent leaders or developing existing leaders to be more benevolence is important to improve disabilities employees’ well-being.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adams, B. G., Meyers, M. C., & Sekaja, L. (2020). Positive Leadership: Relationships with Employee Inclusion, Discrimination, and Well-Being. Applied Psychology, 69(4), 1145–1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12230
Ali, M., Anis, M., & Yadav, A. (2015). Antecedents of job satisfaction: A case study of hospital’s employees of Paktistan. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(12), 350–360.
Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Employee Psychological Well-Being : A Review and Directions for Future Research. 22(3), 381–393.
Asai, A., Nakayama, T., & Naito, M. (2003). Ethics in questionnaire-based research. Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics, 13, 147–151.
Association American Psychological, A. (2019, October 31). Discrimination: What it is, and how to cope. https://www.apa.org/topics/racism-bias-discrimination/types-stress
Aziri, B. (2011). Job Satisfaction, a Literature Review. Management Research and Practice, 3(1), 77–90.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Februari 2020. In Berita Resmi Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/06/19/c0d3df055948f7bcb65890f0/keadaan-angkatan-kerja-di-indonesia-februari-2020.html
Baruch, Y., Humbert, A. L., & Wilson, D. (2016). The moderating effects of single vs multiple-grounds of perceived-discrimination on work-attitudes: Protean careers and self-efficacy roles in explaining intention-to-stay. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 35(3), 232–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-05-2014-0045
Belias, D., & Koustelios, A. (2014). Leadership and job satisfaction: A review. European Scientific Journal, 10(8), 24–46. http://liberty.summon.serialssolutions.com/
Beugelsdijk, S., & Welzel, C. (2018). Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(10), 1469–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118798505
Bhatnagar, J. (2005). The power of psychological empowerment as an antecedent to organizational commitment in indian managers. Human Resource Development International, 8(4), 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678860500356101
Bodkin-Andrews, G., O’Rourke, V., Grant, R., Denson, N., & Craven, R. G. (2010). Validating racism and cultural respect: Testing the psychometric properties and educational impact of perceived discrimination and multiculturation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(6), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2010.550497
Brandt, R. B. (1976). The Psychology of Benevolence and its Implications for Philosophy. Journal of Philosophy, 73(14), 429–453. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025781
Burkard, A. W., Boticki, M. A., & Madson, M. B. (2002). Workplace discrimination, prejudice, and diversity measurement: A review of instrumentation. Journal of Career Assessment, 10(3), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/10672702010003005
Cakmak, E., Oztekin, O., & Karadag, E. (2015). The Effect of Leadership on Job Satsifaction. In E. Karadag (Ed.), Leadership and Organizational Outcomes: Meta-analysis of Empirical Studies (pp. 29–56). Springer International Publishing.
Chan, S. C. H. (2017). Benevolent leadership, perceived supervisory support, and subordinates’ performance: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(7), 897–911. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2015-0196
Chen, F., Chen, H., Yang, J., Long, R., & Li, W. (2019). Impact of regulatory focus on express packaging waste recycling behavior: moderating role of psychological empowerment perception. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(9), 8862–8874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04416-7
Chen, H. Y., & Kao, H. S. R. (2009). Chinese paternalistic leadership and non-Chinese subordinates psychological health. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), 2533–2546. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190903363839
Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2014). Affective Trust in Chinese Leaders: Linking Paternalistic Leadership to Employee Performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796–819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410604
Cheng, B. S., Boer, D., Chou, L. F., Huang, M. P., Yoneyama, S., Shim, D., Sun, J. M., Lin, T. T., Chou, W. J., & Tsai, C. Y. (2014). Paternalistic Leadership in Four East Asian Societies: Generalizability and Cultural Differences of the Triad Model. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113490070
Cheng, B. S., Chou, L. F., Wu, T. Y., Huang, M. P., & Farh, J. L. (2004). Paternalistic leadership and subordinate responses: Establishing a leadership model in Chinese organizations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7(1), 89–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2004.00137.x
Chiang, C. F., & Jang, S. C. (Shawn). (2008). The Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Empowerment: The Case of Taiwan’s Hotel Companies. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 32(1), 40–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348007309568
Chou, H.-J. (2012). Effectc of Paternalistic Leadership on Job Satisfaction - Regularly Focus as the Mediator. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 4(4), 62–85.
Chou, W. J., Sibley, C. G., Liu, J. H., Lin, T. T., & Cheng, B. S. (2015). Paternalistic Leadership Profiles: A Person-Centered Approach. Group and Organization Management, 40(5), 685–710. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601115573358
Connell, J., Carlton, J., Grundy, A., Taylor Buck, E., Keetharuth, A. D., Ricketts, T., Barkham, M., Robotham, D., Rose, D., & Brazier, J. (2018). The importance of content and face validity in instrument development: lessons learnt from service users when developing the Recovering Quality of Life measure (ReQoL). Quality of Life Research, 27, 1893–1902. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1847-y
Craig, S. L., & Smith, M. S. (2014). The Impact of Perceived Discrimination and Social Support on the School Performance of Multiethnic Sexual Minority Youth. Youth and Society, 46(1), 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X11424915
Daoud, J. I. (2018). Multicollinearity and Regression Analysis. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/949/1/012009
Dedahanov, A. T., Bozorov, F., & Sung, S. (2019). Paternalistic Leadership and Innovative Behavior : Psychological Empowerment as a Mediator. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1770), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061770
Donaldson-Feilder, E., Munir, F., & Lewis, R. (2013). Leadership and employee wellbeing. In H. Leonard, R. Lewis, A. M. Freedman, & J. Passmore (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of the psychology of leadership, change, and organizational development (pp. 155–173). Wiley-Blackwell.
Ensher, E. A., Grant-Vallone, E. J., & Donaldson, S. I. (2001). Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 12(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/1532-1096(200101/02)12:1<53::AID-HRDQ5>3.0.CO;2-G
Erden, P., & Ayse. (2019). The Dark Side of Paternalistic Leadership: Employee Discrimination and Nepotism. European Research Studies Journal, XXII(Issue 2), 154–180. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1431
Erkutlu, H., & Chafra, J. (2016). Benevolent leadership and psychological well-being: The moderating effects of psychological safety and psychological contract breach. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 37(3), 369–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2014-0129
Fairchild, A. J., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2009). A general model for testing mediation and moderation effects. Prevention Science, 10(2), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-008-0109-6
Flacks, S. (2012). Deviant Disabilities: The Exclusion of Drug and Alcohol Addiction from the Equality Act 2010. Social & Leagl Studies, 21(3), 395–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663912437991
Ghosh, K. (2015). Benevolent leadership in not-for-profit organizations: Welfare orientation measures, ethical climate and organizational citizenship behaviour. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 36(5), 592–611. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2013-0164
Giurgiu, R.-L., Marica, M. A., & Ionescu, A. F. (2015). Students’ Perception of Discrimination Against Minorities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(November 2014), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.126
Grošelj, M., Černe, M., Penger, S., & Grah, B. (2020). Authentic and transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677–706. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2019-0294
Gumusluoglu, L., Karakitapoğlu-Aygün, Z., & Scandura, T. A. (2017). A Multilevel Examination of Benevolent Leadership and Innovative Behavior in R&D Contexts: A Social Identity Approach. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 24(4), 479–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817705810
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2017). Multivariate Data Analysis. In Pearson (7th ed.). Pearson.
Ho, H. X., & Le, A. N. H. (2020). Investigating the relationship between benevolent leadership and the organizational citizenship behaviour of academic staff: The mediating role of leader-member exchange. Management in Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892020620980000
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J. P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640
ILO. (2017). Final Report-Mapping: Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in Indonesia Labor Market. www.ilo.org/publns%0Ahttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-jakarta/documents/publication/wcms_587669.pdf
ILO, & OECD. (2018). Labour market inclusion of people with disabilities. The 1st Meeting of the G20 Employment Working Group, 1–20. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---inst/documents/publication/wcms_646041.pdf
Ince, C. E., Jelley, R. B., & MacKinnon, S. L. (2016). Leadership’s effects on employee well-being: Synthesizing the qualitative evidence. In P. Bruning (Ed.), 45thAnnual Atlantic Schools of Business Conference (pp. 206–224).
Inceoglu, I., Chu, C., Plans, D., & Gerbasi, A. (2018). Leadership behavior and employee well-being: An integrated review and a future research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.12.006
James, K., Lovato, C., & Cropanzano, R. (1994). Correlational and Known‐Group Comparison Validation of a Workplace Prejudice/Discrimination Inventory. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24(17), 1573–1592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb01563.x
Jang, Y., Chiriboga, D. A., & Small, B. J. (2008). Perceived discrimination and psychological well-being: The mediating and moderating role of sense of control. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 66(3), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.66.3.c
Jayani, D. H. (2020, April 8). Jumlah Pekerja Informal Lebih Banyak dari Pekerja Formal. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2020/04/08/jumlah-pekerja-informal-lebih-banyak-dari-pekerja-formal
Karakas, F. (2009). Benevolent Leadership [McGill University]. https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/47429959d
Karakas, F. (2020). This is how I developed a new scale: Benevolent leadership. Medium. https://medium.datadriveninvestor.com/this-is-how-i-developed-a-new-scale-benevolent-leadership-e69b3707b37b
Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent Leadership: Conceptualization and Construct Development. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(4), 537–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1109-1
Karunia, A. M. (2021, February 24). Menaker: Penyandang Disabilitas Kerap Menghadapi Diskriminasi di Dunia Kerja Artikel ini telah tayang di Kompas.com dengan judul "Menaker: Penyandang Disabilitas Kerap Menghadapi Diskriminasi di Dunia Kerja ", Klik untuk baca: https://money.kompas.com/rea. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/02/24/124252026/menaker-penyandang-disabilitas-kerap-menghadapi-diskriminasi-di-dunia-kerja
Kouzes, J., & Posner, B. (2012). The Leadership Challenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organizations (5th ed.). JOSSEY-BASS. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/3988308/mod_resource/content/2/LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE.pdf
Lin, W., Ma, J., Zhang, Q., Li, J. C., & Jiang, F. (2018). How is Benevolent Leadership Linked to Employee Creativity? The Mediating Role of Leader–Member Exchange and the Moderating Role of Power Distance Orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(4), 1099–1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3314-4
Lu, H., Zhao, Y., & While, A. (2019). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 94, 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.011
Luu, T. (2019). Relationship between benevolent leadership and the well-being among employees with disabilities. Journal of Business Research, 99(March), 282–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.004
Luu, T. T. (2019). The well-being among hospitability employees with disabilities: The role of disability inclusive benevolent leadership. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 80(January), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.004
Macdonald, S., & Maclntyre, P. (1997). The Generic Job Satisfaction Scale: Scale Development and Its Correlate. Employee Assistance Quarter, 13(2), 1–16.
Malik, M., Sarwar, S., & Orr, S. (2021). Agile practices and performance: Examining the role of psychological empowerment. International Journal of Project Management, 39(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.09.002
Maynard, M. T., Mathieu, J. E., Gilson, L. L., O’Boyle, E. H., & Cigularov, K. P. (2012). Drivers and outcomes of team psychological empowerment. Organizational Psychology Review, 3(2), 101–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386612456868
Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas, 1 (2016). https://pug-pupr.pu.go.id/_uploads/PP/UU. No. 8 Th. 2016.pdf
Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: Antecedents and consequences. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 29(5), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730810887049
Morrongiello, C., N’Goala, G., & Kreziak, D. (2017). Customer Psychological Empowerment as a Critical Source of Customer Engagement. International Studies of Management and Organization, 47(1), 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2017.1241089
Nevo, B. (1985). Face validity revisited. Journal of Educational Measurement, 22(4), 287–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1985.tb01065.x
Nilawaty, C. (2019). Hak Bekerja dalam UU Penyandang Disabilitas yang Rentan Dilanggar. Tempo.Co. https://difabel.tempo.co/read/1254009/hak-bekerja-dalam-uu-penyandang-disabilitas-yang-rentan-dilanggar/full&view=ok
Park, Y., Seo, D. G., Park, J., Bettini, E., & Smith, J. (2016). Predictors of job satisfaction among individuals with disabilities: An analysis of South Korea’s National Survey of employment for the disabled. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 53–54, 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.02.009
Pascoe, E. A., & Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived Discrimination and Health: A Meta-Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016059
Pellegrini, E. K., Scandura, T. A., & Jayaraman, V. (2010). Cross-Cultural Generalizability of Paternalistic Leadership: An Expansion of Leader-Member Exchange Theory. Group and Organization Management, 35(4), 391–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601110378456
Pieterse, A. N., van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M., & Stam, D. (2010). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behavior: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(4), 609–623. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.650
Qablan, N., & Farmanesh, P. (2019). Do organizational commitment and perceived discrimination matter? Effect of SR-HRM characteristics on employee’s turnover intentions. Management Science Letters, 9(7), 1105–1118. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.014
Raver, J. L., & Nishii, L. H. (2010). Once, Twice, or Three Times as Harmful? Ethnic Harassment, Gender Harassment, and Generalized Workplace Harassment. In Journal of Applied Psychology (Vol. 95, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018377
Saleem, H. (2015). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction and Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Politics. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.403
Schmitt, M. T., Postmes, T., Branscombe, N. R., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921–948. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035754
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological and Team Empowerment in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), 981–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022676
Sheer, V. (2010). Transformational and paternalistic leaderships in Chinese organizations: Construct, predictive, and ecological validities compared in a Hong Kong sample. Intercultural Communication Studies, 19(1), 121.
Shi, X., Yu, Z., & Zheng, X. (2020). Exploring the Relationship Between Paternalistic Leadership, Teacher Commitment, and Job Satisfaction in Chinese Schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(July), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01481
Skrinou, M., & Gkorezis, P. (2020). Antecedents of Psychological Empowerment: A Study of Greek Employees in Municipalities. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(15), 1317–1326. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1669172
Souza, A. C. de, Alexandre, N. M. C., & Guirardello, E. de B. (2017). Psychometric properties in instruments evaluation of reliability and validity. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 26(3), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742017000300022
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job Satisfaction: Application, Assessment, Causes, and Consequences. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions , Measurement , and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442–1465.
Stewart, A. L., Thrasher, A. D., Goldberg, J., & Shea, J. A. (2012). A Framework for Understanding Modifications to Measures for Diverse Populations. Journal of Aging Health, 24(6), 992–1017.
Streiner, D. L. (2003). Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1), 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_18
Theodosis, T., & Giannouli, V. (2017). Job Descriptive Index (JDI): Reliability and validity study in Greece. American Board of Assessment Psychology, 7(1), 31–61. https://www.assessmentpsychologyboard.org/journal/index.php/AAP/article/view/109
Thomas, C. (2012). Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology ? Social Theory & Health, 10(3), 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2012.7
Uppal, S. (2005). Disability, workplace characteristics and job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 26(4), 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510609537
Wagner, J. I. J., Cummings, G., Smith, D. L., Olson, J., Anderson, L., & Warren, S. (2010). The relationship between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment for nurses: A systematic review. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(4), 448–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01088.x
Wainwright, D., & Sambrook, S. (2010). The ethics of data collection: unintended consequences? Journal of Health Organization and Management, 24(3), 277–287.
Zhang, S., Bowers, A. J., & Mao, Y. (2020). Authentic leadership and teachers’ voice behaviour: The mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of interpersonal trust. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220915925
Zhu, X., Law, K., Sun, C. (Timothy), & Yang, D. (2019). Thriving of employees with disabilities: The roles of job self-efficacy , inclusion , and team-learning climate. Human Resources Management, 58(January), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21920
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jlo.68003
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 3091 | views : 2613Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Leadership in Organizations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Journal of Leadership in Organizations |
Journal of Leadership in Organizations (JLO), with registered number ISSN 2656-8829 (Print) and ISSN 2656-8810 (Online), is published by the Center for Leadership Studies, Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The content of this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License |
© 2019 Journal of Leadership in Organizations | |