Pembangunan Pariwisata di Sekitar Slum Area Perkotaan:Dari Marginalisasi Menuju Transformasi

https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.78942

Delmira Syafrini(1*), Nurlizawati Nurlizawati(2), Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih(3), Bunga Dinda Permata(4)

(1) Universitas Negeri Padang
(2) Universitas Negeri Padang
(3) Universitas Negeri Padang
(4) Universitas Negeri Padang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pengembangan pariwisata yang dilakukan di sekitar kawasan Slum Area perkotaan, serta dampaknya terhadap transformasi kawasan dan komunitas lokal, dengan studi kasus kawasan pemukiman kumuh yang dihuni komunitas Nelayan di Pantai Purus Kota Padang. Hal ini menarik, karena kawasan di sekitar Pantai Purus dulunya diidentikkan dengan slum area yang dihuni oleh komunitas nelayan dengan streotipe yang negative, namun saat ini tumbuh menjadi lokasi pariwisata pantai andalan Kota Padang, bahkan nelayan menjadi bagian penting pembentuk dayatarik dan sense of place dalam pariwisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan tipe studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan untuk mengamati proses interaksi yang terjadi antara penduduk lokal dengan wisatawan, serta mengamati bagaimana mereka terlibat dalam berbagai aktivitas wisata. Sementara itu wawancara dilakukan dengan 22 informan, yang berasal dari berbagai kalangan, seperti pengambil kebijakan, komunitas yang tinggal di sekitar pantai, pedagang dan wisatawan  untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengembangan pariwisata, yang berdampak pada transformasi kawasan dan komunitas yang tinggal di sekitar Pantai Purus. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan pariwisata telah mengubah kawasan ini, dari kawasan yang kumuh yang dihindari menjadi lokasi yang dikunjungi. Nelayan yang dulunya merasa menjadi kelompok yang menolak pembangunan pariwisata karena menjadi kelompok marginal, namun saat ini bertranformasi menjadi komunitas pendukung pariwisita. Pariwisata tidak hanya mengubah ruang dan fisik kawasan tetapi juga kehidupan sosial ekonomi dan budaya komunitas nelayan yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan.

 


Keywords


Marginalisasi; Nelayan;Pariwisata Pantai;Slum Area;Transformasi.

Full Text:

PDF


References

Adib, M. (2012). Agen dan Struktur dalam Pandangan Piere Bourdieu. BioKultur, I(2),91–110.

Amsden, B. L., Stedman, R. C., & Kruger, L. E. (2011). The Creation and Maintenance of Sense of Place in a Tourism-Dependent Community. Leisure Science,32–33(1),32–. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009341. Citation.

Berger, L. P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). Teory Konstruksi Sosial Berger N Luckman.Pdf. Anchor Book.

Boeije, H. (2010). Analysis in Qualitative Research. SAGE Publication.

Campelo, A., Aitken, R., Thyne, M., & Gnoth, J. (2014). Sense of Place: The Importance for Destination Branding. Journal of Travel Research, 53(2), 154–166.https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513496474.

Chang, M. de los A. S., & Gunnarsdotter, Y. (2012). Local community participation in ecotourism and conservation issues in two nature reserves in Nicaragua. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(8), 1025–1043. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.681786.

Dinas Pariwisata Kota Padang. (2021). Pariwisata Kota Padang.

Dogru, T., Suess, C., & Sirakaya-Turk, E.(2021). Why Do Some Countries Prosper More in Tourism than Others? Global Competitiveness of Tourism Development. In Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research (Vol. 45, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020911706.

Dwi Yuliandari, Y. R., Martha, L. F., & Widodo,D. R. (2018). Analisis Geospasial Dampak Perkembangan Kegiatan Pariwisata Terhadap Permukiman Kumuh Wilayah Sarbagita, Bali. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Sosial,1(02), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.31326/jks.v1i02.145.

Giddens, A. (2009). Sociology (P. W. Sutton (ed.); Sixth Edit). Polity Press.

Giddens, A. (2010). Teori Strukturasi, Dasar-Dasar Pembentukan Struktur Sosial Dalam Masyarakat. Pustaka Pelajar.

Giddens, A., & Sutton, P. W. (2013). Sociology (7 th Editi). Polity Press.

Green, R. (2005). Community perceptions of environmental and social change and tourism development on the island of Koh Samui, Thailand. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(1),37–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.09.007.

Hakim, L. (2010). Industri Pariwisata dan Pembanunan Nasional. Among Makarti, 3(5), 70–78.Hernandez-Garcia, J. (2013). Slum tourism, city branding and social urbanism: The case of Medellin, Colombia. Journal of Place Management and Development, 6(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331311306122.

Hong, W. C. (2009). Global competitiveness measurement for the tourism sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 12(2), 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500802596359.

Istikhomah, A. A., & Manaf, A. (2016). Teknik PWK. Jurnal Teknik PWK, 5(1), 267–280.

Johnson, P. A. (2010). Realizing Rural Community Based Tourism Development:Prospects for Social-Economy enterprises.Journal of Rural and Community Development, 5(1), 150–162.

Kelurahan Purus. (2021). Profil Keluruhan Purus.

Ken Simpson. (2001). Strategic Planning and Community Involvement as Contributors to Sustainable Tourism Development. Current Issues in Tourism, February 2013,37–41.

Khakzad, S., & Griffith, D. (2016). The role of fishing material culture in communities’ sense of place as an addedvalue in management of coastal areas. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures,
5(2), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. imic.2016.09.002.

Latip, N. A., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Jaafar,M., Marzuki, A., & Umar, M. U. (2018).Indigenous participation in conservation and tourism development: A case of native people of Sabah, Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(3), 400–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.219.

Lauer, H. R. (1993). Perspectives on social change. Allyn and Bacon.

Li, Y., & Hunter, C. (2015). Community involvement for sustainable heritage tourism: a conceptual model. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 5(3), 248–262.

Liu, S., & Cheung, L. T. O. (2016). Sense of place and tourism business development. Tourism Geographies, 18(2), 174–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1149513.

Mak, B. K. L., Cheung, L. T. O., & Hui, D. L.H. (2017). Community participation in the decision-making process for sustainable tourism development in rural areas of Hong Kong, China.Sustainability (Switzerland),9(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101695.

Mangubhai, S., Sykes, H., Manley, M., Vukikomoala, K., & Beattie, M. (2020). Contributions of tourism-based Marine Conservation Agreements to natural resource management in Fiji.Ecological Economics, 171(December 2019), 106607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106607.

Mariano, W., & Hikon, L. (2019). Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Mengubah Permukiman Kumuh Menjadi Destinasi Wisata. JISIP : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 8(3), 108–113. https://publikasi.unitri.ac.id/index.php/fisip/article/view/1793.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994).Qualitative Data Analysis. SAGE Publication.

Musaddad, A. A., Rahayu, O. Y., Pratama, E.,Supraptiningsih, & Wahyuni, E. (2019). Dinamika Administrasi. Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia,2(1), 73–93.

Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods:Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7th editio). Allyn and Bacon.

New, C. (1994). Structure, agency and social transformation. Journal for the Theory of
Social Behavior, 24(3), 187–205.

Pizam, A., Fleischer, A., & Mansfeld, Y. (2002). Tourism and social change: The case of
Israeli ecotourists visiting Jordan. Journal of Travel Research, 41(2), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728702237423.

Prabhakaran, S., Nair, V., & Ramachandran,S. (2014). Community Participation in Rural Tourism: Towards a Conceptual Framework. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 144, 290–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.298.

Rasyid, W., & Tisnawati, E. (2012). Penataan Kawasan Wisata di Bantaran Kali Code Yogyakarta. Global Competitivenes through Research Supporting Commercial Industry, 8–16.

Rifani, B. Y. (2021). Sense of Place Pada Destinasi Wisata Urban: Kasus Titik Nol Kilometer, Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kawistara, 11(2), 216–227.

Saufi, A., O’Brien, D., & Wilkins, H.(2014). Inhibitors to host community participation in sustainable tourism development in developing countries. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(5), 801–820. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.861468.

Smith, S. (2015). A sense of place: Place,culture and tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1049814.

Sulistyaningsih, T., Jainuri, J., Salahudin,S., Jovita, H. D., & Nurmandi, A. (2022).Can Combined Marketing and Planningoriented of Community-based Social Marketing (CBSM) Project Successfully Transform the Slum Area to Tourism Village? A Case Study of the Jodipan Colorful Urban Village, Malang, Indonesia. Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 34(4), 421–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2021.1874590.

Tegar, D., & Saut Gurning, R. O. (2018).Development of Marine and Coastal Tourism Based on Blue Economy.International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research,2(2).https://doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v2i2.3650.

Thorns, D. C. (2002). The Transformation of Cities. Palgrave Macmillan.

Tosun, C. (2006). Expected nature of community participation in tourism development. Tourism Management,27(3), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.004.

Turner, J. H. (1986). Review Essay: The Theory of Structuration. American Journal of Sociology, 91(4), 969–977. https://doi.org/10.2307/2779966.

Van Putten, I. E., Plagányi, É. E., Booth,K., Cvitanovic, C., Kelly, R., Punt, A. E.,& Richards, S. A. (2018). A framework for incorporating sense of place into the management of marine systems.Ecology and Society, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10504-230404.

Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2019). The impact of marine tourism resources development on sustainable development of marine economy. Journal of Coastal Research,94(SI), 589–592.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.78942

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2320 | views : 2251

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2023 Delmira Syafrini; Nurlizawati Nurlizawati; Wirdanengsih Wirdanengsih; Bunga Dinda Permata

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kawistara is published by the Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.