PENATAAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PENCEGAHAN KEJAHATAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK STUDI KASUS KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.16850

Asirin Asirin(1*), Lianita Zanith(2)

(1) Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota Institut Teknologi Sumatera
(2) Sekolah Alam Lampung
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The incidence of sexual crimes against children occurs in many areas of Bandar Lampung Municipality. This study aims to explore the condition and the lack of environmental arrangement in Bandar Lampung Municipality, in order to build a safe environment that can prevent sexual crimes in children. The study limits the scope of the material using the mainframe conceptual framework of neighborhood planning (neighborhood planning) and interventions for safe environmen- tal arrangement for children’s lessons from Tokyo Municipality, Japan. This research uses qualitative methods of analysis and verification effort (reliability and validity). The results show that Bandar Lampung City has not implemented a wellplanned environmental plan for the safety of children from crime. The solving of child crimes in Bandar Lampung City is still reactive in tackling criminal cases, not preventive by organizing the residential, school, and other public spaces in a well planned and well managed by the municipal government by involving the surrounding community.


Keywords


Child; Environmental arrangement; Public space; Security; Sexual crime



References

APA. 2013. Guidelines For Psychological Evaluations In Child Protection Matters. Journal of American Psychological Association 68 (1): 20 –31.

Carver, A., A. Timperio, D. Crawford. 2008. Playing It Safe: The Influence of Neighbourhood Safety on Children’s Physical Activity—A Review. Health & Place 14: 217–227

Creswell, J.W. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 2nd ed. Sage Publication. California.

Creswell, J.W. 2010. Reseacrh Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 3rd ed. Sage Publication. California.

Daro, D. A., dan K. P. McCurdy. 2007. Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment. Dalam Handbook of Injury and Violence Prevention. Editor L. S. Doll, S. E. Bonzo, D. A. Sleet, J. A. Mercy. Springer. USA.

Drianda, R. P., I. Kinoshita, dan F. Deviana. 2015. Perencanaan Lingkungan Perkotaan yang Aman dari Ancaman Kriminalitas Terhadap Anak: Sebuah Studi Kasus dari Negeri Jepang. Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota 26 (1): 7-17.

Earls, F. dan J. McGuire. 1994. Evaluating a Community Intervention to Reduce The Risk of Child Abuse: Methodological Strategies in Conducting Neighborhood Surveys. Child Abuse & Neglect 18 (5): 473-485.

Finkelhor, D., H. Turner, R. Ormrod dan S. L. Hamby. 2009. Violence, Abuse, Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth. Pediatrics 124 (5); 1411-1423.

Hay, T dan L. Jones. 1994. Societal Interventions to Prevent Child Abuse And Neglect. Child Welfare 73 (5): 379-403.

Jenny, C., T. A. Roesler dan K. L. Poyer. 1994. Are Children at Risk for Sexual Abuse by Homosexuals? Pediatrics 94: 41-44.

Lalor, K. 2004. Child Sexual Abuse in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Literature Review. Child Abuse and Neglect 28: 439-460.

Loebach, J. dan J. Gilliland. 2010. Child-Led Tours to Uncover Children’s Perceptions and Use of Neighborhood Environments. Children, Youth and Environments 20(1): 52-90.

Lembaga Advokasi Anak LAdA-Damar. 2016. Data Peristiwa Kejahatan di Provinsi Lampung. Lembaga Advokasi Anak LAdA-Damar. Kota Bandar Lampung.

Mulroy, E. A. 1997. Building a Neighborhood Network: Interorganizational Collaboration to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect. Social Work 42 (3): 255-264.

Mulroy, E. A. dan Shay, S. 1997. Nonprofit Organizations and Innovation: A Model of Neighborhood-Based Collaboration to Prevent Child Maltreatment 42 (5): 515-524.

Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandar Lampung Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kota Bandar Lampung. Lembaran Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2011. Bandar Lampung

Peraturan Daerah Kota Bandar Lampung Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 Bangunan Gedung. Lembaran Pemerintah Daerah Kota Bandar Lampung Tahun 2014. Bandar Lampung

Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 20/PRT/M/2011 Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Detail Tata Ruang dan Peraturan Zonasi Kabupaten/Kota. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Jakarta.

Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 06/PRT/M/2007 Pedoman Umum Rencana Tata Bangunan dan Lingkungan. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Jakarta.

Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 05/PRT/M/2008 Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Di Kawasan Perkotaan. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Jakarta.

Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 12/PRT/M/2009 Pedoman Penyediaan Dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Non Hijau Di Wilayah Kota Atau Kawasan Perkotaan. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Jakarta.

Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2006 Jalan. Lembaran Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Tahun 2006. Jakarta.

Polisi Resort Kota Bandar Lampung. 2016. Data Kejahatan Seksual Terhadap Anak di Kota Bandar Lampung. Polisi Resort Kota. Bandar Lampung.

Pusat Data dan Informasi Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak. 2015. Data Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Anak. Komisi Nasional Perlindungan Anak. Jakarta.

Rohe, W.M. 2009. From Local to Global: One Hundred Years of Neighborhood Planning. Journal of The American Planning Association 75 (2): 209-230

Renk, K., L. Liljequist., dan A. Steinberg, G. Bosco, dan V. Phares. 2002. Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse: Are We Doing Enough? Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 3 (1):68-84.

Sabol, W. J., C. J. Coulton., dan J. E. Korbin. 2004. Building Community Capacity for Violence Prevention. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19 (3):322-340

Sampson, R.J., S. W. Raudenbush, dan F. Earls. 1997. Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy. Science. 277: 918-924.

Standar Nasional Indoneisa (SNI) Nomor 03-1733-2004 Tata Cara Perencanaan Lingkungan Perumahan di Perkotaan. Badan Standarisasi Nasional (BSN). Jakarta

Suharto, E. 2015. Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Respon Pekerjaan Sosial. Jurnal Kawistara 5 (1):47-56.

Sulaiman, A.I., D.P.Lubis, D. Susanto, dan N. Purnaningsih. 2016. Merancang Media Informasi Dalam Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan Kota Banjar Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Kawistara, 6 (1): 93-106.

Tallo, A.J., dan D.A Paramita. 2015. Identifikasi Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat Studi Kasus Kampung Lorotan, Kelurahan Kotalama, Kota Malang. Jurnal Kawistara 5 (3): 275-286

Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang. Lembaran Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007. Jakarta.

UNDP. 2015. Sustainable Development Goals. UNDP. USA.

UN HABITAT. 2016. New Urban Agenda. UN HABTITAT. USA.

Widiyanto, D. Dan R. Rijanta. 2012. Lingkungan Kota Layak Anak (Child-Friendly City) Berdasarkan Persepsi Orangtua di Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Bumi Lestari 12 (2): 211-216.

Yin, R.K. 2009. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 4th ed. Sage Publication. London.

Yunianto, A.D., S.R.P. Sitorus, dan K. Munibah. 2016. Analisis dan Arahan Pengembangan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Dalam Mendukung Green City Kota Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Kawistara 6 (1): 1-9



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.16850

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2650 | views : 2630

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2017 Asirin Asirin Asirin

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Kawistara is published by the Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.