A Comparative Study of Ship Seaworthiness Between Australia and Indonesia



Ardianto Budi Rahmawan(1*)

(1) Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Since this era is ever changing and the International Business Transaction is developing in a very rapid manner,
there are a lot of commercial transactions between parties through delivery of a cargo by using a vessel to transport his cargo because it can amount lot of items. However a problem starts to rise whenever the standard of a vessel to be used in a contract between parties is questionable when the vessel that has been used is sinking, broken during the stages of voyage or failing to deliver the cargo properly. In this journal the writer wants to uphold and describe the legal definition of due diligence in maritime law especially concerning the standard of vessel to be considered as a vessel that can be fit to enter a contract for delivering the cargo in general also by comparing the standard of seaworthiness in Australia and Indonesia supported by the cases that has been happened in each countries.


Keywords


seaworthiness, international business transaction, due diligence



References

A. Cases

All Pacific Trading v. Hanjin Lines, AMC 2997 (1994).

Bundesgerichtshof, ETL 342 (1984).

Canada Steamship Lines Ltd. v. Desgagné, 2 Ex C.R. 234 (1967).

F.C. Bradley & Sons. V. Federal Steam Navigation Co., 24 Ll. L. Rep. 446 (1926).

Grain Growers Export Co. v. Canada Steamship Lines Ltd., 43 O.L.R. 330 (1918).

Kopitoff v. Wilson, 1 QBD 377 (1876).

McFadden v. Blue Star Line, 1 K.B. 697 (1905).

Quebec Marine Ins. Co. v. Commercial Bank of Canada, L. R. 3 P. C. 234 (1870).

Steel v. State Line SS Co., 3 App. Cas. 72 (1877).

The Aquacharm, 1 Ll. L. Rep. 7 (1982).

The Bunga Seroja, 158 A.L.R. 1 (1998).

The Eurasian Dream, 1 Ll. L. Rep. 719 (2002).

The Fjord Wind, 2 Ll. L. Rep. 191 (2000).

The Good Friend, 2 Ll. L. Rep. 586 (1984).

The Kapitan Sakharov, 2 Ll. L. Rep. 255 (2000).

The Lendoudis Evangelos, 2 Ll. L. Rep. 304 (2001).

The Subro Valour, 1 Ll. L. Rep. 509 (1995).

The Torenia, 2 Ll. L. Rep. 210 (1983).

Tuxpan Lim. Procs., 765 F. Supp. 1150 at p. 1179, 1991 AMC 2432 (S.D. N.Y. 1991).

B. Statute

Australian Navigation Act 1912.

Former Québec Civil Code (the Civil Code of Lower Canada of 1866)




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