* Corresponding Author
Molecular Identification of Several Morphologically Distinct Flowerhorn Fish (Family) Using Mitochondrial COI Gene Marker
https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.78459 Dini Wahyu Kartika Sari(1*), Himawan Achmad(2), Hafit Rahman(3), Harya Bimasuci(4)
(1) Genetics and Fish Breeding Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Biotechnology Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(2) Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Yogyakarta, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia
(3) Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency Yogyakarta, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia
(4) Biotechnology Research Center, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Flowerhorn fish has been known as a breed of fish produced by artificial hybridization between several cichlid fish. Other ornamental cichlid fish generally known to be crossed to make flowerhorn variant includes Amphilophus citrinelus, Amphilophus labiatus, Vieja melanurus, and Amphilophus trimaculatus. Our study identified a variety of flowerhorn samples with distinct morphotypes, dubbed as Cencu (LH1CC), Kamfa (LH2KF), Thai Silk (LH3TS), Kirin (LH4KR), Parrot (LH5PR), and Vieja (LH6VJ) using mtDNA COI-based DNA barcoding. Molecular analysis and phylogenetics showed that all sample had 0% genetic divergence and conspecific with A. trimaculatus sequence. Hence, we concluded that despite having varied morphotypes, all flowerhorn samples were identified as A. trimaculatus and were a variation of flowerhorn from A. trimaculatus lineage. The findings should be used as a precaution as the fish is identified as an invasive species.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, A.K. et al., 2020. Preliminary Study on Invasive Fish Species Diffusion in Selected Malaysian Freshwater Ecosystems. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 23, pp.1374-1379. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1374.1379
Amin, M.H.F. et al., 2019. DNA barcoding of invasive freshwater fish reveals two species of Amphilophus from two dams in Brantas stream, East Java, Indonesia. Eco. Env. & Cons., 25, pp.141-145.
Ariasari, A., Helmiati, S. & Setyobudi, E., 2018. Food preference of red devil (Amphilophus labiatus) in the Sermo Reservoir, Kulon Progo Regency. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 139. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/139/1/012018
Breman, F.C. et al., 2016. Testing the potential of DNA barcoding in vertebrate radiations: the case of the littoral cichlids (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika. Mol Ecol Resour, 16, pp.1455-1464. doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.12523
Daniel, N. et al., 2020. Report on the occurrence of invasive alien fish, Cichlasoma trimaculatum Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther, 1867) at freshwater Lake of Chennai. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(4), pp. 2418-2420
De la Ossa-Guerra, L.E., Santos, M.H., & Artoni, R.F., 2020. Genetic Diversity of the Cichlid Andinoacara latifrons (Steindachner, 1878) as a Conservation Strategy in Different Colombian Basins. Front. Genet., 11(815), pp.1-9. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00815
Dey, V.K., 2016. The global trade in ornamental fish. Infofish International, 4, pp.52–55.
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N., & van der Laan, R., 2022. ‘Eschmeyer’s catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References’, in California Academy of Sciences, viewed 26 February 2023 from http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
Gonzales-Plasus, M., Plasus, L.N. & Mecha, NJMF., 2022. Baseline study on the freshwater ornamental fish industry in Palawan. The Palawan Scientist, 14(1), pp.11-21
Guerrero III, R.D., 2014. Impacts of Introduced Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines (1905-2013): A Review and Recommendations. Philippine Journal of Science, 143(1), pp.49-59.
Hall, T.A., 1999. BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, pp.95-98.
Hedianto, D.A. et al., 2014. Parameter Populasi Ikan Lohan (Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Gunther 1867) di Waduk Sempor, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, (20)2, pp.81-88. doi: 10.15578/jppi.20.2.2014.81-88
Herder, F. et al., 2022. More Non-Native Fish Species than Natives, and an Invasion of Malawi Cichlids, in Ancient Lake Poso, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Aquatic Invasions, 17(1), pp.72–91. doi: 10.3391/ai.2022.17.1.05.
Herder, F. et al., 2012. Alien invasion in Wallace’s Dreamponds: records of the hybridogenic “flowerhorn” cichlid in Lake Matano, with an annotated checklist of fish species introduced to the Malili Lakes system in Sulawesi. Aquatic Invasions, 7(4), pp.521-535. doi: 10.3391/AI.2012.7.4.009
Hilgers, L. et al., 2018. Alien attack: trophic interactions of flowerhorn cichlids with endemics of ancient Lake Matano (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Evolutionary Ecology Research, 19, pp.575-590
Kementerian Kelautan & Perikanan (KKP), 2020. ‘PERMEN KKP No.19/PERMEN-KP/2020’, viewed 10 October 2021, from https://jdih.kkp.go.id/peraturan/4cae6-19-permen-kp-2020-larangan-jenis-ikan-berbahaya-dan-merugikan-otentifikasi.pdf
Kim, P., Han, J. & An, S.L., 2020. Genetic identification of species and natural hybridization determination based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA of genus Zacco in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 31(6), pp.221-227. doi: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1777994
Knight, J.D.M., 2010. Invasive ornamental fish: a potential threat to aquatic biodiversity in peninsular India. J Threat Taxa., 2, pp.700–704. doi: 10.11609/JoTT.o2179.700-4
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., & Kumar, S., 2021. MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38(7), pp.3022–3027. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msab120
Kumar, L. et al., 2020. Risk analysis of non-native three-spot cichlid, Amphilophus trimaculatus, in the River Cauvery (India). Fish Manag Ecol, 28, pp.158– 166. doi: 10.1111/fme.12467
Larkin, M.A. et al., 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, pp.2947-2948.
Magalhães, A.L.B. et al., 2017. Small size today, aquarium dumping tomorrow: sales of juvenile non-native large fish as an important threat in Brazil. Neotropical Ichtyology, 15(4), pp.1-10. doi: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170033
McMahan C.D., Geheber A.D. & Piller, K.R., 2010. Molecular systematics of the enigmatic Middle American genus Vieja (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, pp.1293–1300, doi: 10.1016/j.ympev2010.09.005
Morgan, J.A.T. et al., 2013. Hybridisation, paternal leakage and mitochondrial DNA linearization in three anomalous fish (Scombridae). Mitochondrion, 13(6), pp.852–861. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.06.002
Mutia M. et al., 2007. Review of the Ornamental Fish Industry: Production Marketing Trends, Technological Developments, and Risks. Fish for the People:a Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, pp.1-20.
Nagarajan, M., Parambath, A.N. & Prabhu, V.R., 2020. DNA Barcoding: A Potential Tool for Invasive Species Identification. In: DNA Barcoding and Molecullar Phylogeny - Second Edition. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp.31-43. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50075-7_3.
Nasution, S.H. & Dina, R., 2019. Population structure and gonadal maturity stage of endemic and alien fish dominant species in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci, 380. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/380/1/012012
Nasution, S.H., Muchlis, A.M. & Cinnawara, H.T., 2022. The abundance of alien fish species flowerhorn (Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Gunther, 1867) in its fishing ground area at Lake Mahalona, South Sulawesi. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 1036. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1036/1/012103
Ng, C., 2016. The ornamental freshwater fish trade in Malaysia: The collection, breeding and marketing of ornamental fishes is a sizable industry. Utar Agriculture Science Journal, 2(4), pp.7-18.
Nico, L.G., Beamish, W.H. & Musikasinthorn, P., 2007. Discovery of the invasive Mayan Cichlid fish Cichlasoma urophthalmus (Günther, 1862) in Thailand, with comments on other introductions and potential impacts. Aquatic Invasions, 2, pp.197–214. doi: 10.3391/ai.2007.2.3.7
Panprommin, D., Soontornprasit, K. & Pangeson, T., 2019. Comparison of three molecular methods for species identification of the family Cichlidae in Kwan Phayao, Thailand. Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30(1), pp.184-190. doi: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1472248
Pauers, M.J. et al., 2018. Selection, hybridization, and the evolution of morphology in the Lake Malaŵi endemic cichlids of the genus Labeotropheus. Scientific Reports, 8(15842), pp.1-10. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34135-x
Pèlèbè, R.O.E. et al., 2021. Molecular Identification of an Invasive Sarotherodon Species from the Atchakpa Freshwater Reservoir (Ouémé River Basin, Benin) and Comparison within S. melanotheron Using COI Markers. Diversity, 13(7), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13070297
Qu, M. et al., 2018. Genetic diversity within grouper species and a method for interspecific hybrid identification using DNA barcoding and RYR3 marker. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 121, pp.46-51. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.031
Rahmati-Holasoo, H., et al., 2015. Polycystic liver in flower horn fish, hybrid cichlid. Journal of Fish Disease, 38(3), pp. 325-328 doi: 10.1111/jfd.12245.
Raja, K. et al., 2019. Present and future market trends of Indian ornamental fish sector. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(2), pp.06-15.
Rodríguez-Pena, E. et al., 2020. High incidence of heteroplasmy in the mtDNA of a natural population of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla. PloS one, 15(3), e0230243. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230243
Rozas, J. et al., 2017. DnaSP 6: DNA Sequence Polymorphism Analysis of Large Datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol, 34, pp.3299-3302. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msx248
Rozen, S. & Skaletsky, H.J., 2000. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp.365-386. doi: 10.1385/1-59259-192-2:365
Samir, O. et al., 2021. Introduced fish species and their characters in Lake Maninjau, West Sumatra. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 789. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/789/1/012024.
Sandford, G., 2007. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aquarium Fish. In Singapore: Quantum Publishing
Sato M. & Sato K., 2013. Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA by diverse mechanisms to eliminate paternal mitochondrial DNA. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1833(8), pp.1979-1984. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.010.
Selz, O.M., et al., 2014. Relaxed trait covariance in interspecific cichlid hybrids predicts morphological diversity in adaptive radiations. J. Evol. Biol., 27, pp.11-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12283
Sentosa, A.A. & Hedianto, D.A., 2019. Sebaran Louhan yang Menjadi Invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. LIMNOTEK Perairan Darat Tropis di Indonesia, 26(1), pp.1-9. doi: 10.14203/limnotek.v26i1.255
Sentosa, A.A. & Wijaya, D., 2012. Community structure of introduced fish in Lake Batur, Bali. Berita Biologi, 11(3), pp.329-337.
Shirak, A., et al., 2009. DNA Barcoding of Israeli Indigenous and Introduced Cichlids. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh, 61(2), pp.83-88.
Sinambela, M. et al., 2021. Fish Diversity In Lake Toba. Proceedings of Sixth Postgraduate Bio Expo 2021. Medan State University.
Than, A.A., Aung, N.N. & Myint, K.M.M., 2019. Investigation of the growth rate of Cichlasoma sp. (Gunther, 1867) rearing with different diets in aquaria. University Research Journal, 11(4), pp.1-12.
van der Bank, F.H., 2019. A DNA barcoding study of seven cichlid species from southern Africa reveals their phylogenetic relationships. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 44(3), pp.291-293. doi: 10.2989/16085914.2019.1628703
van Rijssel, J.C., et al., 2021. Rapid Evolutionary Responses in Cichlids: Genetics of Adaptation, Morphology, and Taxonomic Implications. In: The Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution of Cichlid Fishes. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Nature B.V., pp.247-283. doi: 10.1007/978-94-024-2080-7_8.
Wahyuni, S., Sulistiono, & Affandi, R., 2014. Distibusi secara spasial dan temporal ikan di Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 14(1), pp.74-84.
Wang, Q. et al., 2015. DNA barcoding analysis of commercial freshwater fish species cultured in china. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh, 67, pp.1-6. doi: 10.46989/001c.20699
Willis, S.C. et al., 2012. Simultaneous delimitation of species and quantification of interspecific hybridization in Amazonian peacock cichlids (genus Cichla) using multi-locus data. BMC Evolutionary Biology, (12)96, pp.1-24. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-96
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.78459
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 1923
| 
views : 3531
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editoral address:
Faculty of Biology, UGM
Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)