Assessing Indigenous Soil Ureolytic Bacteria as Potential Agents for Soil Stabilization

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.75128

Abdulaziz Dardau Aliyu(1), Muskhazli Mustafa(2*), Nor Azwady Abd Aziz(3), Yap Chee Kong(4), Najaatu Shehu Hadi(5)

(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University Putra Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
(2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
(3) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
(4) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
(5) Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Lafia, Akunza 950101, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Microbially induced carbonate precipitation by ureolysis is a biomineralization process that has been adapted by various microorganisms in different natural environments. This widespread natural phenomenon can be employed in numerous civil engineering and soil stabilization applications. In the present study, the potential of indigenous soil urease-producing bacteria as potential agents for soil stabilization methods was investigated. Assessment of the eight active urease-producing bacterial species isolated from the farm soil samples has demonstrated that all the isolates were Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria with promising characteristics such as the formation of endospore which is essential for bacterial survival in harsh conditions within the soil environment. The pH profile and growth profile of the isolates were studied and urease activity was measured by the phenol hypochlorite assay method. Two isolates designated isolate O6w and isolate O3a were selected based on the highest urease activity recorded at 665 U/mL and 620 U/mL, respectively, and they were able to increase and sustain alkaline culture condition (pH 8.71 ± 0.01 and 8.55 ± 0.01) which was suitable for CaCO3 precipitation. The isolates were identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to be Bacillus cereus (O6w) and Bacillus paramycoides (O3a). This current study suggested that indigenous soil ureolytic bacteria are potential raw material for the biotreatment of soils stability.

 


Keywords


MICP; urease enzyme; calcium carbonate; ureolytic bacteria; problematic soils

Full Text:

PDF


References

Akyol, E., Bozkaya, O., & Dogan, N.M., 2017. Strengthening sandy soils by microbial methods. Arab Journal of Geoscience, 10(15), pp.1–8. doi: 10.1007/s12517-017-3123-9

Al-Thawadi, S.M., 2011. Ureolytic bacteria and calcium carbonate formation as a mechanism of strength enhancement of sand. Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 1(1), pp.98–114.

Al-Thawadi, S., & Cord-Ruwisch, R., 2012. Calcium carbonate crystals formation by ureolytic bacteria isolated from australian soil and sludge. Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 2, pp.12–26.

Al Imran, M. et al., 2019. Feasibility study of native ureolytic bacteria for biocementation towards coastal erosion protection by MICP method. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9(20), pp.1–15. doi: 10.3390/app9204462

Algaifi, H.A. et al., 2020. Screening of native ureolytic bacteria for self-healing in cementitious materials. IOP Conference Series: Material Science and Engineering, 849(1), pp.1–8. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/849/1/012074

Ali, N.A., Karkush, M.O., & Al Haideri, H.H., 2020. Isolation and identification of local bactria produced from soil-borne urease. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 901(1), pp.1–9. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/901/1/012035

Badiee, H. et al., 2019. Application of an indigenous bacterium in comparison with Sporosarcina pasteurii for improvement of fine granular soil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(12), pp.8389–8400. doi: 10.1007/s13762-019-02292-9

Basha, S. et al., 2018. Subsurface endospore-forming bacteria possess bio-sealant properties. Scientific Reports, 8(1), pp.1–13. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24730-3

Bibi, S. et al., 2018. Ureolytic bacteria of Qatari soil and their potential in microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) for soil stabilization. RSC Advances, 8(11), pp.5854–5863. doi: 10.1039/C7RA12758H

Bui Truong, S., Nguyen Thi, N. & Nguyen Thanh, D., 2020. An experimental study on unconfined compressive strength of soft soil-cement mixtures with or without GGBFS in the coastal area of Vietnam. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, pp.20–25. doi: 10.1155/2020/7243704

Burbank, M.B. et al., 2011. Precipitation of calcite by indigenous microorganisms to strengthen liquefiable soils. Geomicrobiology Journal, 28(4), pp.301–312. doi: 10.1080/01490451.2010.499929

Burbank, M.B. et al., 2012. Urease activity of ureolytic bacteria isolated from six soils in which calcite was precipitated by indigenous bacteria. Geomicrobiology Journal, 29, pp.389–395. doi: 10.1080/01490451.2011.575913

Caglayan, P., 2021. Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38(3), pp.369–376. doi: 10.12714/egejfas.38.3.14

Chen, H.J. et al., 2019. Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) using pig urine as an alternative to industrial urea. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 10(10), pp.2887–2895. doi: 10.1007/s12649-018-0324-8

Cheng, L., & Cord-Ruwisch, R., 2013. Selective enrichment and production of highly urease active bacteria by non-sterile (open) chemostat culture. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40(10), pp.1095–1104. doi: 10.1007/s10295-013-1310-6

Dadda, A. et al., 2018. Characterization of contact properties in biocemented sand using 3D X-ray micro-tomography. Acta Geotechnica, 14, pp.597–613.

Dardau, A.A., Mustafa, M., & Abdaziz, N.A., 2021. Microbial-induced calcite precipitation: A milestone towards soil improvement. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal, 50(1), pp.11–27.

De Muynck, W., De Belie, N. & Verstraete, W. 2010. Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials : A review. Ecological Engineering Journal, 36(2), pp.118–136. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.02.006

DeJong, J.T. et al., 2010. Bio-mediated soil improvement. Ecological Engineering, 36(2), pp.197–210. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.029

Dhami, N.K. et al., 2017. Bacterial community dynamics and biocement formation during stimulation and augmentation : Implications for soil consolidation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, pp.1–17. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01267

Dortey, M. D., Aboagye, G. & Tuah, B. 2020. Effect of storage methods and duration of storage on the bacteriological quality of processed liquid milk post-opening. Scientific African, 10, pp.1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00555

Duo, L. et al., 2018. Experimental investigation of solidifying desert aeolian sand using microbially induced calcite precipitation. Construction and Building Materials, 172, pp.251–262. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.255

Elmanama, A.A. & Alhour, M.T., 2013. Isolation, characterization and application of calcite producing bacteria from urea rich soils. Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering Research, 3(4), pp.388–399.

Erşan, Y.Ç., de Belie, N. & Boon, N., 2015. Microbially induced CaCO3 precipitation through denitrification: An optimization study in minimal nutrient environment. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 101, pp.108–118. doi: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.05.006

Ezzat, S.M., & Ewida, A.Y.I., 2021. Smart soil grouting using innovative urease-producing bacteria and low cost materials. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 131(5), pp.2294–2307. doi: 10.1111/jam.15117

Gat, D. et al., 2014. Accelerated microbial-induced CaCO3 precipitation in a defined coculture of ureolytic and non-ureolytic bacteria. Biogeosciences, 11(10), pp.2561–2569. doi: 10.5194/bg-11-2561-2014

Gavimath, C.C. et al., 2012. Potential application of bacteria to improve the strength of cement concrete. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology Research, 3(1), pp.541–544.

Gowthaman, S. et al., 2019. Feasibility study for slope soil stabilization by microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) using indigenous bacteria isolated from cold subarctic region. SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), pp.1–16. doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-1508-y

Grabiec, A.M. et al., 2017. On possibility of improvement of compacted silty soils using biodeposition method. Construction and Building Materials, 138(43), pp.134–140. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.071

Graddy, C.M.R. et al., 2021. Native bacterial community convergence in augmented and stimulated ureolytic MICP biocementation. Environmental Science & Technology, 55, pp.10784−10793. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01520

Hammes, F. & Verstraete, W., 2002. Key roles of pH and calcium metabolism in microbial carbonate precipitation. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 1(1), pp.3–7. doi: 10.1023/A:1015135629155

Harikrishnan, H. et al., 2015. Improvement of concrete durability by bacterial carbonate precipitation. South Indian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), pp.90–96. doi: 10.22205/sijbs/2015/v1/i2/100428

Hiranya, T.N.K., Nakashima, K. & Kawasaki, S., 2018. Enhancement of microbially induced carbonate precipitation using organic biopolymer. International Journal of Geomate, 14(41), pp.7–12.

Ivanov, V. & Chu, J., 2008. Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 7(2), pp.139–153. doi: 10.1007/s11157-007-9126-3

Jain, S. & Arnepalli, D. N., 2019. Biochemically induced carbonate precipitation in aerobic and anaerobic environments by Sporosarcina pasteurii. Geomicrobiology Journal, 36(5), pp.443–451. doi: 10.1080/01490451.2019.1569180

Jiang, N.J. et al., 2016. Ureolytic activities of a urease-producing bacterium and purified urease enzyme in the anoxic condition: Implication for subseafloor sand production control by microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Ecological Engineering, 90, pp.96–104. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.073

Jiang, N. J. et al., 2020. Bio-mediated soil improvement : The way forward. Soil Use and Management, 36(2), pp.185–188. doi: 10.1111/sum.12571

Junjie, Z. et al., 2020. Study of the strength test and strength dispersion of MICP-treated calcareous sand. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 41(2), pp.250–256.

Kakelar, M.M., Ebrahimi, S. & Hosseini, M., 2016. Improvement in soil grouting by biocementation through injection method. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(6), pp.930–938. doi: 10.1002/apj.2027

Kalra, Y.P., 1995. Determination of pH of soils by different methods: Collaborative Study. Journal of AOAC International, 78(2), pp.310–324. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/78.2.310

Kang, C. et al., 2015. Bioremediation of lead by ureolytic bacteria isolated from soil at abandoned metal mines in South Korea. Ecological Engineering, 74, pp.402–407. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.10.009

Khadhim, H.J., Ebrahim, S.E. & Ammar, S.H., 2019. Isolation and identification of ureolytic bacteria isolated from livestock soil to improve the strength of cement mortar. Engineering and Technology Journal, 37(3), pp.24–28. doi: 10.30684/etj.37.3C.3

Khaliq, W. & Ehsan, M.B., 2016. Crack healing in concrete using various bio influenced self-healing techniques. Construction and Building Materials, 102, pp.349–357. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.006

Khan, M.N.H., Shimazaki, S. & Satoru, K., 2016. Coral sand solidification test through microbial calcium carbonate precipitation using Pararhodobacter sp. International Journal of Geomate, 11, pp.2665–2670.

Kim, G. & Youn, H., 2016. Microbially induced calcite precipitation employing environmental isolates. Materials, 9, pp.468–478. doi: 10.3390/ma9060468

Kim, G., Kim, J. & Youn, H., 2018. Effect of temperature , pH , and reaction duration on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Applied Sciences, 8, pp.1277–1287. doi: 10.3390/app8081277

Krajewska, B., 2018. Urease-aided calcium carbonate mineralization for engineering applications: A review. Journal of Advanced Research, 13, pp.59–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.009

Leininger, D. J., Roberson, J. R. & Elvinger, F., 2001. Use of eosin methylene blue agar to differentiate Escherichia coli from other gram-negative mastitis pathogens. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 13(3), pp.273–275. doi: 10.1177/104063870101300319

Li, L. et al., 2019. Bacterial technology-enabled cementitious composites : A review. Composite Structures, 225, pp.111–170. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111170

Liu, Y. et al., 2017. Proposal of nine novel species of the Bacillus cereus group. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 67, pp.2499–2508. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001821

Ma, L. et al., 2020. Beneficial factors for biomineralization by ureolytic bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii. Microbial Cell Factories, 19(1), pp.1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-1281-z

Manoharan, A. et al., 2020. Molecular identification of Actinomycetes with effectual antibacterials from the sediments of Pichavaram mangrove forest , South India , by sequencing the High G + C content genomic DNA. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences, 10(61), pp.26925–26932.

Mekonnen, E. et al., 2019. Investigation of carbon substrate utilization patterns of three ureolytic bacteria. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 22, pp.1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101429

Mekonnen, E. et al., 2021. Isolation and characterization of urease-producing soil bacteria. International Journal of Microbiology, 20, pp.1–11. doi: 10.1155/2021/8888641

Miftah, A., Tirkolaei, H.K. & Bilsel, H., 2020. Biocementation of calcareous beach sand using enzymatic calcium carbonate precipitation. Crystals, 10(10), pp.888–903.

Ming-juan, C.U.I., Jun-jie, Z. & Han-jiang, L.A.I., 2017. Effect of method of biological injection on dynamic behavior for bio-cemented sand. China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House, 38(11), pp.3173–3178.

Minto, J. M. et al., 2018. Microbial mortar restoration of degraded marble structures with microbially induced carbonate precipitation. Construction and Building Materials, 180, pp.44–54. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.200

Moravej, S. et al., 2018. Stabilization of dispersive soils by means of biological calcite precipitation. Geoderma, 315, pp.130–137.

Mujah, D., Shahin, M.A. & Cheng, L. 2017. State-of-the-art review of biocementation by microbially induced calcite precipitation (micp) for soil stabilization. Geomicrobiology Journal, 34(6), pp.524–537. doi: 10.1080/01490451.2016.1225866

Navneet, C., Anita, R. & Rafat, S., 2011. Calcium carbonate precipitation by different bacterial strains. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(42), pp.8359–8372. doi: 10.5897/ajb11.345

Ng, W., Lee, M. & Hii, S., 2012. An overview of the factors affecting micp application in soil improvement. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 6(2), pp.188–194.

Nielsen, S.D. et al., 2020. Constraints on CaCO3 precipitation in superabsorbent polymer by aerobic bacteria. Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology, 104, pp.365–375.

Noor, E.S.A.T., Khadeja, T.M.E. & Abdelraouf, A.E., 2021. Isolation, identification and growth conditions of calcite producing bacteria from urea-rich soil. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 15(1), pp.37–46. doi: 10.5897/ajmr2020.9445

Okwadha, G.D.O. & Li, J., 2010. Optimum conditions for microbial carbonate precipitation. Chemosphere, 81(9), pp.1143–1148. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.066

Omoregie, A.I. et al., 2016. Screening for urease-producing bacteria from limestone caves of Sarawak. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 6(1), pp.37–45.

Omoregie, A.I., Ong, D.E.L. & Nissom, P.M., 2019a. Assessing ureolytic bacteria with calcifying abilities isolated from limestone caves for biocalcification. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 68(2), pp.173–181. doi: 10.1111/lam.13103

Omoregie, A.I. et al., 2019b. Low-cost cultivation of Sporosarcina pasteurii strain in food-grade yeast extract medium for microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) application. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 17, pp.247–255. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.030

Phang, I.R.K. et al., 2018. Isolation and characterization of urease-producing bacteria from tropical peat. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 13, pp.168–175. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.12.006

Rabenhorst, M. & Buchanan, A., 2020. Field test for identifying problematic red parent materials. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 84(3), pp.1006–1010. doi: 10.1002/saj2.20066

Rauch, C. & Leigh, J., 2015. Theoretical evaluation of wall teichoic acids in the cavitation-mediated pores formation in Gram-positive bacteria subjected to an electric field. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1850(4), pp.595–601. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.004

Reysenbach, A.L., Longnecker, K. & Kirshtein, J., 2000. Novel bacterial and archaeal lineages from an in situ growth chamber deployed at a mid-atlantic ridge hydrothermal vent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(9), pp.3798–3806. doi: 10.1128/AEM.66.9.3798-3806.2000

Richardson, A. et al., 2014. Surface consolidation of natural stone materials using microbial induced calcite precipitation. Structural Survey, 32(3), pp.265–278. doi: 10.1108/SS-07-2013-0028

Ritchey, E.L., McGrath, J.M. & Gehring, D., 2015. Determining soil texture by feel. Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications, 139, pp.54–55.

Ruan, S. et al., 2019. Cement and Concrete Research The use of microbial induced carbonate precipitation in healing cracks within reactive magnesia cement-based blends. Cement and Concrete Research, 115, pp.176–188. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.10.018

San Pabio, A.C.M. et al., 2020. Meter-scale biocementation experiments to advance process control and reduce impacts : Examining spatial control , ammonium by-product removal , and chemical reductions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 146(11), pp.1–14. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002377

Sharma, M., Satyam, N. & Reddy, K.R., 2021. Investigation of various gram-positive bacteria for MICP in Narmada Sand, India. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15(2), pp.220–234. doi: 10.1080/19386362.2019.1691322

Sidik, W.S. et al., 2014. Applicability of biocementation for organic soil and its effect on permeability. Geomechanics and Engineering, 7(6), pp.649–663. doi: 10.12989/gae.2014.7.6.649

Smith, A.C. & Hussey, M.A., 2005. Gram stain protocols. American Society for Microbiology, 1, pp.14–22.

Soon, N.W. et al., 2014. Factors affecting improvement in engineering properties of residual soil through microbial-induced calcite precipitation. American Society of Civil Engineers, 140(5), pp.1–11. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001089.

Stocks-Fischer, S., Galinat, J.K. & Bang, S.S., 1999. Microbiological precipitation of CaCO3. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 31(11), pp.1563–1571. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00082-6

Svane, S. et al., 2020. Inhibition of urease activity by different compounds provides insight into the modulation and association of bacterial nickel import and ureolysis. Scientific Reports, 10(1), pp.1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65107-9

Swoboda, J.G. et al., 2010. Wall teichoic acid function, biosynthesis, and inhibition. Chembiochem, 11(1), pp.35–45. doi: 10.1002/cbic.200900557.Wall

Tang, C.S. et al., 2020. Factors affecting the performance of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) treated soil: a review. Environmental Earth Sciences, 79(5), pp.1–23. doi: 10.1007/s12665-020-8840-9

Thairu, Y., Usman, Y. & Nasir, I., 2014. Laboratory perspective of gram staining and its significance in investigations of infectious diseases. Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine, 1(4), pp.168. doi: 10.4103/2384-5147.144725

Tiwari, N., Satyam, N. & Sharma, M., 2021. Micro ‑ mechanical performance evaluation of expansive soil biotreated with indigenous bacteria using MICP method. Scientific Reports, 1(11), pp.1–12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89687-2

Towner, G.D., 1974. The assessment of soil texture from soil strength measurements. Journal of Soil Science, 25(3), pp.298–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1974.tb01125.x

Wang, Z. et al., 2017. Review of ground improvement using microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 35(8), pp.1135–1146. doi: 10.1080/1064119X.2017.1297877

Wath, R.B. & Pusadkar, S.S., 2016. Soil improvement using microbial: A review. Indian Geotechnical Conference, 14, pp.329–335. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0559-7_37

Wei, S. et al., 2015. Biomineralization processes of calcite induced by bacteria isolated from marine sediments. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 46(2), pp.455–464. doi: 10. 1590/s1517-838246220140533

Wen, K. et al., 2018. Development of an improved immersing method to enhance microbial induced calcite precipitation treated sandy soil through multiple treatments in low cementation media concentration. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(2), pp.1015–1027. doi: 10.1007/s10706-018-0669-6

Whiffin, V.S. & Paassen, L.A.V., 2007. Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique. Geomicrobiology Journal, 24(5), pp.417–423. doi: 10.1080/01490450701436505

Wong, L. S., 2015. Microbial cementation of ureolytic bacteria from the genus Bacillus: A review of the bacterial application on cement based materials for cleaner production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 93, pp.5–17. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.019

Wu, C.F. et al., 2014. An effective method for the detoxification of cyanide-rich wastewater by Bacillus sp. CN-22. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98(8), pp.3801–3807. doi: 10.1007/s00253-013-5433-5

Wu, J. et al., 2017. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation driven by ureolysis to enhance oil recovery. RSC Advances, 7(59), pp.37382–37391. doi: 10.1039/c7ra05748b

Wu, M. et al., 2019. Growth environment optimization for inducing bacterial mineralization and its application in concrete healing. Construction and Building Materials, 209, pp.631–643. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.181

Yang, D., Xu, G. & Duan, Y., 2020. Effect of particle size on mechanical property of bio-treated sand. Applied Scieces, 10(22), pp.82–94.

Zaghloul, E.H., Ibrahim, H.A.H. & El-Badan, D.E.S., 2021. Production of biocement with marine bacteria; Staphylococcus epidermidis EDH to enhance clay water retention capacity. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 47(1), pp.53–59. doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2020.08.005

Zamani, A. & Montoya, B.M., 2019. Undrained cyclic response of silty sands improved by microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 120, pp.436–448.

Zamer, M.M. et al., 2018. Biocalcification using ureolytic bacteria (UB) for strengthening interlocking compressed earth blocks (ICEB ). IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 311, pp.1–5. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/311/1/012019

Zhang, K. et al., 2019. Lead removal by phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from soil through biomineralization. Chemosphere, 224, pp.272–279. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.140

Zhu, T., & Dittrich, M., 2016. Carbonate precipitation through microbial activities in natural environment, and their potential in biotechnology: A review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 4, pp.1–21. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00004

Zomorodian, S.M.A., Ghaffari, H. & O’Kelly, B.C., 2019. Stabilisation of crustal sand layer using biocementation technique for wind erosion control. Aeolian Research, 40, pp.34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2019.06.001



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.75128

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2566 | views : 2577

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)