* Corresponding Author
Vocalization of Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus Horsfield, 1821) in Bangka Island, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.65526 Indra Yustian(1*), Dedek Kurniawan(2), Zahrial Effendi(3), Doni Setiawan(4), Enggar Patriono(5), Laila Hanum(6), Arum Setiawan(7)
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(3) Yayasan Flora Fauna Bangka (F2B). Air Ruai, Pemali, Bangka
(4) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(5) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(6) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(7) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Every tarsier species performs different vocalization behaviour. Cephalopachus bancanus as one of the tarsier species listed as vulnerable in the IUCN red list has limited and different information about their vocalization. This research was designed to explore the species vocalization in the vicinity of Petaling Village, District of Bangka, Bangka Island, Indonesia. Tarsier vocalization inside temporary enclosures was recorded using a handy recorder and analysed using bioacoustics software Audacity 2.3.3 and Raven Pro 1.6.1. We described seven vocalization types with different functions and spectrogram patterns. One type of vocalization, squeak, is produced only by the infant. Two types of vocalizations (whistle and cheeps) were produced by the infant and adult, and four vocalization types were performed by adults. Those types of vocalizations can be heard within human hearing. Some types of vocalizations have peak frequencies at the ultrasonic level, i.e.: agonistic scream, alarm call, distress call, and hysteresis.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bearder, S.K., 1999. Physical and social diversity among nocturnal primates: a new view based on long term research. Primates, 40, pp.267-282.
Braune, P., Schmidt, S. & Zimmermann, E., 2005. Spacing and group coordination in a nocturnal primate, the golden brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis): the role of olfactory and acoustic signals. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 58(6), pp.587–596.
Burton, J.A. & Nietsch, A., 2010. Geographical variation in duet songs of Sulawesi tarsiers: evidence for new cryptic species in south and southeast Sulawesi. International Journal of Primatology, 31(6), pp.1123–1146.
Charif, R.A., Strickman, L.M. & Waack, A.M., 2010, Raven Pro 1.4 user's manual, The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.
Cheney, D.L. & Syefrath, R.M., 1996. Function and intention in the calls of non-human primates. Proceedings of the British Academy, 88, pp.59-76.
Crompton, R.H. & Andau, P.M., 1987. Ranging, activity rhythms, and sociality in free-ranging Tarsius bancanus: a preliminary report. International Journal of Primatology, 8(1), pp.43-71.
Dunbar, R.I.M., 1991. Functional significance of social grooming in primates. Folia Primatologica, 57, pp.121-131.
Groves, C.P. & Shekelle, M., 2010. The genera and species of Tarsiidae. International Journal of Primatology, 31(6), pp.1071-1082.
Gursky, S., 2013. Acoustic characterization of ultrasonic vocalizations by a nocturnal primate Tarsius syrichta. Primates, 54(3), pp.293-299.
Gursky, S., 2015. Ultrasonic vocalizations by the Spectral Tarsiers, Tarsius spectrum. Folia Primatologica, 86, pp.153-163.
Heyman, E.W., 2006. Scent marking strategies of New World Primates. American Journal of Primatology, 68, pp.650-661.
Kulander, O.C., 2018, 'Whence and whither: acoustic variability and biogeography of Tarsiers in North Sulawesi', Thesis, Department of Biology, Portland State University.
MacKinnon, J. & MacKinnon K. 1980. The behavior of wild Spectral Tarsier. International Journal of Primatology, 1(4), pp.361-379.
McComb, K. & Semple, S., 2005. Coevolution of vocal communication and sociality in primates. Biology Letters, 1(4), pp.381–385.
Merker, S. & Groves C.P., 2006. Tarsius lariang: a new primate species from Western Central Sulawesi. International Journal of Primatology, 27(2), pp.465-485.
Niemitz, C., 1979, 'Outline of the behaviour of Tarsius bancanus' in G.A. Doyle, & R.D. Martin (eds.), The study of Prosimian behavior, pp.631-660, New York: Academic Press.
Niemitz, C., 1984, 'Vocal communication of two tarsier species (Tarsius bancanus and Tarsius spectrum)', in C. Niemitz (eds.), Biology of tarsiers, pp.129-141, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.
Nietsch, A. & Kopp M.L., 1998. Role of vocalization in species differentiation of Sulawesi Tarsiers. Folia Primatologica, 69(1), pp.371-378.
Nietsch, A., 1999. Duet vocalization among different populations of Sulawesi Tarsiers. International Journal of Primatology, 20(4), pp.567-583.
Nietsch, A., 2003, 'Outline of the vocal behavior of Tarsius spectrum: call features, associated behaviors, and biological functions' in P. C. Wright, E. L. Simons, & S. Gursky (eds.), Tarsiers: past, present, and future, pp.196-220, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers Univesity Press.
Perreira, M.E. & Kappeler P.M., 1997. Divergent systems of agonistic behaviour in Lemurid Primates. Behaviour Journal, 134(3/4), pp.225- 274.
Rasoloharijaona, S. et al., 2006. Loud calling, spacing, and cohesiveness in a nocturnal primate, the Milne Edwards’ sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi). American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 129(4), pp.591–600.
Rehakova-Petru, M., Policht, R. & Peske, L., 2012. Acoustic repertoire of the Philippine Tarsier (Tarsius Syrichta fraterculus) and invidiual variation of long-distance calls. International Journal of Zoology, 2012, 602401.
Shekelle, M. et al., 2008. Tarsius tumpara: a new Tarsier species from Siau Island, North Sulawesi. Primate Conservation, 23(1), pp.55-64.
Shekelle, M. & Yustian, I., 2008. Tarsius bancanus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2008, e.T21488A9286601.
Shekelle, M. et al., 2017. Two new Tarsier species (Tarsiidae, Primates) and the biogeography of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Primate Conservation, 31, pp.61-69.
Shekelle, M. et al., 2019. A new Tarsier species from Togean Islands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, with references to Wallacea and conservation on Sulawesi. Primate Conservation, 33, pp.1-9.
Waser, P.M. & Brown C.H., 1984. Is there a “sound window” for primate communication? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 15(1), pp.73–76.
Yustian, I. 2007, Ecology and conservation status of Tarsius bancanus saltator on Belitung Islands, Indonesia, Cuvillier Verlag: Goettingen.
Zuberbuehler, K., 2005. The phylogenetic roots of Language, evidence from Primate comumnication and cognition. SAGE Journal, 14(3), pp.126-130.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.65526
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 2733
| 
views : 2009
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Editoral address:
Faculty of Biology, UGM
Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)