The Increase of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey Following Eradication of Melastoma malabatrichum in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.63972

Jani Master(1*), Ibnul Qayim(2), Dede Setiadi(3), Nyoto Santoso(4)

(1) Plant Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, IPB University
(2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, IPB University
(3) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural, IPB University
(4) Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecoturism, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The invasion of the planter's rhododendron (Melastoma malabatrichum) in Way Kambas National Park caused the loss of the sumatran tiger preys feeding ground, therefore efforts were made to eradicate the plant. This study aimed to compare the presence of sumatran tiger preys between M. malabatrichum-invaded location and eradicated location. Eradication was carried out by removing M. malabatrichum on a plot measuring 80 x 60 m2. To record the animal visit, the camera traps were placed at the eradicated and invaded location of M. malabatrichum for comparison. The results showed that the M. malabatrichum eradicated location was more frequently visited by sumatran tiger preys. At the M. malabatrichum eradicated location, camera traps recorded 19 species of wild boar having the highest encounter rate (55.23) followed by sambar deer (33.24), and long-tailed macaque (17.43). Meanwhile, at the M. malabatrichum invaded location, camera traps recorded 13 species with wild boar having the highest encounter rate (30.56), followed by sambar deer (14.75), and long-tailed macaque (14.48). Thus, the eradication of M. malabatrichum had a good impact on increasing the number of sumatran tiger preys due to the availability of feed after being free from M. malabatrichum invasion.


Keywords


feeding ground; invasive species; Melastoma malabatrichum; sumatran tiger; tiger preys

Full Text:

PDF


References

Amalina, P., Prasetyo, L.B. & Rushayati, S.B., 2016. Forest Fire Vulnerability Mapping in Way Kambas National Park. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33, pp.239–252.

Araujo, L.C. de et al., 2018. Key factors that influence for seasonal production of Guinea grass. Scientia Agricola, 75(3), pp.191–196.

Azhima, F. & Vincent, G., 2001. Pengendalian babi hutan, hama utama pada kebun karet di Jambi, Jambi: Wanatani Karet. pp.1-2.

Bagchi, S., Goyal, S.P. & Sankar, K., 2003. Prey abundance and prey selection by tigers (Panthera tigris) in a semi-arid, dry deciduous forest in western India. Journal of Zoology, 260(3), pp.285–290.

Balai Taman Nasional Way Kambas, 2012. Sekilas Informasi Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung: Balai Taman Nasional Way Kambas. pp.1-87.

Basari, Z., 2012. Teknik Pembongkaran Tumbuhan Invasif Acacia nilotica ( L ) Willd . Ex . Del dengan Tirfor di Taman Nasional Baluran Jawa Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 30(4), pp.279–290.

Biswas, S. & Sankar, K., 2002. Prey abundance and food habit of tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh, India. Journal of Zoology, 256(3), pp.411–420.

Carbone, C. & Gittleman, J.L., 2002. A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science, 295(5563), pp.2273–2276.

Chapman, B.R. & Trani, M.K., 2007. Feral Pig (Sus scrofa). In M. K. Trani, W. Ford, & B. R. Chapman, eds. The Land Manager`s Guide to Mammals of the South. Durham: The Nature Conservancy and the US Forest Service, pp. 540–544.

Faravani, M., Baki, H.B. & Khalijah, A., 2008. Assessment of Allelopathic Potential of Melastoma malabathricum L. on Radish raphanus sativus L. and Barnyard Grass (Echinochloacrus-galli). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 36(2), pp.54–60.

Forsyth, D.M. & Davis, N.E., 2011. Diets of non-native deer in Australia estimated by macroscopic versus microhistological rumen analysis. Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(6), pp.1488–1497.

Franklin, N. et al., 1999. Last of the Indonesian Tiger: a caude for optimism. In J. Seidensticker, S. Cristie, & P. Jackson, eds. Riding the tiger: tiger conservation in human-dominated lanscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 130–147.

Ginantra, I.K., Suaskara, I.B.M. & Muksin, I.K., 2018. Selection of Forages by Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis blainville) in Menjangan Island, Bali. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci, 130(012024), pp.1–11.

Goodrich, J. et al., 2015. Panthera tigris, tiger. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015, pp.1–20. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Antony-Lynam/publication/301296266_Panthera_tigris_The_IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species_2015/links/5710bc6308ae74cb7d9fad73/Panthera-tigris-The-IUCN-Red-List-of-Threatened-Species-2015.pdf [Accessed February 22, 2021].

Hale, R. & Swearer, S.E., 2017. When good animals love bad restored habitats: how maladaptive habitat selection can constrain restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54(5), pp.1478–1486.

Harihar, A. et al., 2017. Defensible Inference: Questioning Global Trends in Tiger Populations. Conservation Letters, 10(5), pp.502–505.

Harihar, A. & Pandav, B., 2012. Influence of connectivity, wild prey and disturbance on occupancy of tigers in the human-dominated western Terai Arc landscape. PLoS ONE, 7(7), pp.1–10.

Hayward, M.W., Jędrzejewski, W. & Jêdrzejewska, B., 2012. Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris A. Kitchener, ed. Journal of Zoology, 286(3), pp.221–231.

Hebblewhite, M. et al., 2014. Including biotic interactions with ungulate prey and humans improves habitat conservation modeling for endangered Amur tigers in the Russian Far East. Biological Conservation, 178(2014), pp.50–64.

Ismail, D. & Jiwan, D., 2015. Browsing preference and ecological carrying capacity of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor brookei) on secondary vegetation in forest plantation. Animal Science Journal, 86(2), pp.225–237.

Joseph, S. et al., 2007. Foraging Ecology and Relative Abundance of Large Carnivores in Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India. Field Report Zoos’ Print Journal, 22(5), pp.2667–2670.

Joshi, A.R. et al., 2016. Tracking changes and preventing loss in critical tiger habitat. Science Advances, 2(4), pp.1–8.

Karanth, K.U. et al., 2011. Monitoring carnivore populations at the landscape scale: Occupancy modelling of tigers from sign surveys. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(4), pp.1048–1056.

Kelly, M.J. et al., 2008. Estimating Puma Densities from Camera Trapping across Three Study Sites: Bolivia, Argentina, and Belize. Journal of Mammalogy, 89(2), pp.408–418.

Kenney, J. et al., 2014. How much gene flow is needed to avoid inbreeding depression in wild tiger populations? Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(2013337), pp.1–9.

Kumaraguru, A. et al., 2011. Prey preference of large carnivores in Anamalai Tiger Reserve, India. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 57(3), pp.627–637.

Kunarso, A. & Azwar, F., 2013. Keragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Bawah Pada Berbagai Tegakan Hutan Tanaman Di Benakat, Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman, 10(2), pp.85–98.

Linkie, M. et al., 2018. Asia’s economic growth and its impact on Indonesia’s tigers. Biological Conservation, 219, pp.105–109.

Maksudi, M., Lukman, H. & Rahayu, P., 2010. Diversifikasi Kebutuhan Ternak Ruminansia Melalui Budidaya Rusa Sambar (Cervus Unicolor): Tinjauan Aspek Fisiologis. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 13(5), pp.235–239.

Master, J. et al., 2013. Ecological impact of Merremia peltata (L.) merrill Invasion on plant diversity at Bukit Barisan Selatan National park. Biotropia, 20(1), pp.29–37.

Master, J. et al., 2018. Studi pendahuluan mengenai invasi Melastoma malabatrichum di Taman Nasional Way Kambas. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biodiversitas Untuk Kehidupan. Jakarta: Universitas Nasional, pp. 506–512.

Master, J. et al., 2020. Autecology of melastoma malabathricum, an invasive species in the way Kambas National park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(5), pp.2303–2310.

Masy’ud, B., Kusuma, I.H. & Rachmandani, Y., 2008. Potensi Vegetasi Pakan dan Efektivitas Perbaikan Habitat Rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis, de Blainville 1822) di Tanjung Pasir Taman Nasional Bali Barat. Media Konservasi, 13(2), pp.59–64.

Mustari, A.H., Manshur, A. & Masy’ud, B., 2016. Jenis Pakan dan Daya Dukung Habitat Rusa Sambar (Cervus unicolor Kerr, 1972) di Resort Teluk Pulai, Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting, Kalimantan Tengah. Media Konservasi, 17(2), pp.47–54.

O’Brien, T.G., Kinnaird, M.F. & Wibisono, H.T., 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation, 6(2), pp.131–139.

Priyono, A., 2007. Pendekatan ekologi dan ekonomi dalam penataan kawasan buru rusa sambar: studi kasus Taman Buru Gunung Masigit-Kareumbi. Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. pp.1-103.

Sari, V.I. & Prakusya, Y., 2020. Daya Hambat Bioherbisida Gulma Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Kecambah Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata). Agrosintesa Jurnal Ilmu Budidaya Pertanian, 3(1), pp.24–30.

Sastrapradja, S.D., Adisoemanto, S. & Rifai, M.A., 1992. Khazanah flora dan fauna nusantara, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp.1-131.

Sherpa, N.M. & Maskey, T.M., 1998. Year for the Tiger: Tiger Manual, Indirect Field Study Techniques for the Kingdom of Nepal, Nepal: WWF Nepal Program. pp.1-110

Simcharoen, A. et al., 2014. Ecological factors that influence sambar (Rusa unicolor) distribution and abundance in western Thailand: Implications for tiger conservation. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62(March), pp.100–106.

Siswomartono, D. et al., 1994. Strategi Konservasi Harimau Sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae), Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam Departemen Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. pp.1-24.

Sriyanto, 2003. Kajian mangsa harimau sumatera (Panthera tigris sumatrae, Pocock 1979) di Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung. Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. pp.1-69

Subagyo, A., 2000. Kondisi habitat dan beberapa aspek perilaku rusa sambar (Cervus unicolor Kerr, 1972) di Resort Way Kanan, Taman Nasional Way Kambas, Lampung. Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. pp.1-104

Sunarto, S. et al., 2012. Tigers Need Cover: Multi-Scale Occupancy Study of the Big Cat in Sumatran Forest and Plantation Landscapes B. Gratwicke, ed. PLoS ONE, 7(1), pp.1–14.

Sunquist, M.E., 1981. The Social Organization of Tigers (Panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal, Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 1-98.

Thapa, K. & Kelly, M.J., 2016. Prey and tigers on the forgotten trail : high prey occupancy and tiger habitat use reveal the importance of the understudied Churia habitat of Nepal. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(3), pp.593-616.

Tjitrosoedirdjo, S., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S. & Setyawati, T., 2016. Tumbuhan Invasif dan Pendekatan Pengelolaannya, Bogor: Seameo Biotrop. pp.1-282.

Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S., Mawardi, I. & Tjitrosoedirdji, S., 2016. 75 Important Invasive Plant Species in Indonesia, Bogor: Seameo Biotrop. pp.1-101.

Valeix, M. et al., 2009. Behavioral adjustments of African herbivores to predation risk by lions: Spatiotemporal variations influence habitat use. Ecology, 90(1), pp.23–30.

Wibisono, H.T. et al., 2011. Population Status of a Cryptic Top Predator: An Island-Wide Assessment of Tigers in Sumatran Rainforests B. Gratwicke, ed. PLoS ONE, 6(11), pp.1–6.

Wibisono, H.T. & Pusparini, W., 2010. Sumatran tiger ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ): A review of conservation status. Integrative Zoology, 5(4), pp.313–323.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.63972

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2216 | views : 1622

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)