Bioethanol Levels of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel with the Addition of Blend Crude Cellulase Enzyme from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger

https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.52189

Trianik Widyaningrum(1*), Masreza Parahadi(2)

(1) Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Ahmad Dahlan University; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University
(2) Department of Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Postgraduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The petroleum fuel crisis shows that Indonesia's fossil energy reserves are limited. It is necessary to develop an environmentally, friendly and sustainable alternative energy, one of which is bioethanol. This study aims to determine the bioethanol levels of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel with the treatment of cellulase enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. This research was an experimental study that uses steps such as making dragon fruit peel substrate and filtrate, cellulose degradation with enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger and inoculating with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with a fermentation time of 96 hours and then measured reducing sugar levels with the method of DNS, distillation, and the measurement of bioethanol levels using alcohol meters. The results have shown that using enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger can increase the reduction of 49.68 %  sugar levels in the treatment of T.reesei: A.niger (3: 1) and produce the highest bioethanol level, which is 2.46 % in the treatment of T.reesei: A.niger (2: 1)


Keywords


Aspergillus niger; dragon fruit peel; cellulase; Trichoderma reesei

Full Text:

PDF


References

Ali, M. N., Mohd, M. K. and Mohiuddin, M. (2011) ‘Ethanol fuel production through microbial extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation from renewable agrobased cellulosic wastes, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2(2), pp. 321–331.

Baljit, K., Oberoi, H.S. and Chadha, B.S. (2014) ‘Enhanced cellulase producing mutants developed from heterokarytic Asperillus strain’, Bioresource Technology, 156, p. 100‒107.

Campbell, N.A., Reece, J.B., and Nitchel, L. . (2003) Biology. Fifth Edit. Jakarta: Food Preservation Technology. Jakarta: University of Indonesia Press.

Campbell, N.A.Reece, J.B., and Nitchel, L. . (2003) Biology. Fifth Edit. Jakarta: Food Preservation Technology. Jakarta: University of Indonesia Press.

Chandel, A.K.Chan, E.S, Ravinder R, Lakshmi, N. M, Venkateswar, and Rao L, P. R. (2007) ‘Economics of environmental impact of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal’, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review, 2(1), pp. 14–32.

David, B. W. (2008) ‘Three Microbial Strategies for Plant Cell Wall Degradation’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1125(1), pp. 289–297. doi: DOI: 10.1196/annals.1419.026.

Dien, B.S., C. M. A. and J. T. . (2003) ‘Bacteria engineered for fuel ethanol production: current status. Appl’, Microbiol.Biotechnol, 63(1), p. 258−266.

Field, C.B, Campbell, J. E., and Lobell, D. B. (2008) ‘Biomass energy: The scale of the potential resource’, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23(2), pp. 65–72.

Galbe, M. and Zacchi, G. (2007) ‘Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials for efficient bioethano production’, Advances in Biochemical Engineering/ Biotechnology, 108(1), pp. 41–65.

Goh, C.S., Tan, K. T., Lee, K. T. and Bhatia, S. (2010) ‘Bio-ethanol from lignocellulose: Status perspectives and challenges in Malaysia’, Bioresource Technology, 101(13), pp. 4834–4841.

Hambali, E., Siti, M, Halomoan. A.Tambunan, A. Pattiwiri, W. and Hendroko, R. (2007) ‘Bioenergy technology’, Agro Media Library.

Hahn-Hägerdal, B., Galbe, M., Gorwa-Grauslund, M. F., Lidén, G., and Zacchi, G (2006) ‘Bio-ethanol - the fuel of tomorrow from the residues of today’, Trends in Biotechnology, 24(12), pp. 549–556. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.10.004.

Hu. G., Heitmann, J. A., and Rojas, O. J. (2008) ‘Feedstock pretreatment strategies for producing ethanol from wood, bark, and forest residues’, BioResources, 3(1), pp. 270–294.

Herrera, S. B. (2006) ‘about biofuel’, Nature Biotechnology, 24, pp. 755–760.

Herrera, S. (2004) ‘Industrial Biotechnology-a chance at redemption’, Nature Biotechnology, 22, pp. 671–675.

Jackson, B. and Jayanthy, T. (2014) ‘Determination of sucrose in raw sugarcane juice by microwave method’, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(5), pp. 566–570.

Jamilah, B, Shu C., E.Sharifah, K. S, Muhammad, D. M. H., and Noranizan, A. (2011) ‘“Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel. Malaysia”’, International Food Research Journal, 18, pp. 279–286.

Juhasz, T., K. Kozma, K., and Szengyel, Z. (2003) ‘Production of β-glukosidase in Mixed Culture of Aspergillus niger BKMF 1305 and Trichoderma reesei RUT C30’, Food Technology Biotechnolog, 41, pp. 49–53.

Lin, T. (2006) ‘Ethanol fermentation from biomass resources: Current state and prospects’, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 69, pp. 627–642.

Lynd, L. R., Liang, X., Biddy, M. J., Allee, A., Cai, H., Foust, T., … Wyman, C. E. (2017) ‘Cellulosic ethanol: status and innovation’, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 45, pp. 202–211. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.008.

Mehdi, D., Maki, M, Leung, K.T. and Mao, C. (2010) ‘Cellulase activities in biomass conversion: measurement methods and comparison’, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 30, p. 302‒309.

Merino, S.T. and Cherry, J. (2007) ‘Progress and challenges in enzyme development for biomass utilization’.

Safaria, Selviza., N. I. dan T. A. Z. (2013) ‘Effectiveness of Cellulase Enzyme Mixtures of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei in Hydrolyzing Coconut Fiber Substrate 'Equatorial Chemistry Journal, 2.

Sakai, S., Tsuchida, Y., Nakamoto, H., Okino, S., Ichihashi, O., Kawaguchi, H., Y. H. (2007) ‘Effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth arrested Corynebacterium glutamicum R’, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(7), pp. 2349–2353.

Sri Winarsih, Bambang, D. A, Agustin, K.W., and Elok, Z. (2014) ‘The increasement of rice straw hydrolysis using blend crude cellulose enzyme from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger’, Research and Reviews in BioSciences, 9(2), pp. 41–44.

Schubert, S. (2006) ‘Can biofuels finally take centre stage’, Nature Biotechnology, 24(7), pp. 777–784.

Sunkyu, P., Baker, J.O. Himmel, M.E. Parilla, P.A. and Johnson, D.K.. (2010) ‘Cellulose crystallinityy index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance’, Biotechnology. Biofuels, 3, p. 1‒10.

Szendefy, J.; Szakacs, G. and Christopher, L. (2006) ‘“Potential of solid-state Fermentation Enzymes of Aspergillus in Biobleaching of Paper Pulp”’, Enzymes and Microbial Technology, 39, pp. 1354–1360.

Vandana, R. and Anahit, D., (2014) ‘Eckard and Philip Teller, Birgitte K. Ahring. On-site enzymes produced from Trchoderma reesei RUTC30 and Aspergillus saccharolyticus for hydrolysis of wet expoded corn stover and loblolly pine’, Bioresource Technology, 154, p. 282‒289.

Veeresh, J. and Wu J.C.. (2014) ‘Microbial cellulases: Engineering, production and applications’, Renewable Sustainable Energy Review, 33, p. 188‒203.

Vertès, A. A., Inui, M., and Yukawa, H. (2006) ‘Implementing biofuels on a global scale’, Nature Biotechnology, 24, pp. 761–764.

Wirahadikusumah, M. (2002) Biochemical Metabolism of Energy, Carbohydrates, and Lipids. Bandung: ITB Bandung Publisher.

Wyman, C. (1999) ‘Opportunities and Technological Challenges of Bioethanol’, in Presentation to the Committee to Review the R and D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels. Beckman Center, Irvine, California.

Zabed, H., Sahu, J. N., Boyce, A. N., and Faruq, G. (2016) ‘Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: An overview on feedstocks and technological approaches’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.08.038.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.52189

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 4068 | views : 2341

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Editoral address:

Faculty of Biology, UGM

Jl. Teknika Selatan, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

ISSN: 2540-9581 (online)