Perbandingan Perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap Keragaman dan Dinamika Populasi Stomoxys spp. pada Peternakan Sapi Perah di Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung

Shabrina Riztia Kusumastuti; Joko Prastowo; Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo

doi:10.22146/jsv.67400

Perbandingan Perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap Keragaman dan Dinamika Populasi Stomoxys spp. pada Peternakan Sapi Perah di Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung

https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.67400

Shabrina Riztia Kusumastuti^(1*), Joko Prastowo⁽²⁾, Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo⁽³⁾

(1) Program Studi Sain Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Stomoxys spp. merupakan salah satu vektor penting penularan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh berbagai virus, bakteri dan heminth. Infestasi Stomoxys calcitrans pada sapi perah dapat meningkatkan kortisol, menyebabkan gangguan makan, kegelisahan, hingga berkurangnya bobot badan dan produksi susu. Perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi dapat digunakan sebagai perangkap Stomoxys spp. yang mengalami fluktuasi populasi sepanjang tahun pada musim tertentu dan dipengaruhi oleh iklim, suhu, kelembaban, intensitas cahaya serta adanya zat atraktan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efikasi dan efektivitas perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap dinamika populasi dan keragaman spesies Stomoxys spp. yang terperangkap. Pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama 12 jam (06.00-18.00) dengan menggunakan perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi yang dipasang berjarak 50 meter setiap perangkapnya, 3-5 meter dari kandang pada peternakan sapi perah di Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga spesies yang dapat teridentifikasi selama Maret-November yaitu Stomoxys calcitrans (97,41%), Stomoxys sitiens (1,98%) dan Stomoxys indicus (0,60%). Puncak populasi Stomoxys spp. terjadi pada bulan September saat memasuki awal musim hujan dan puncak aktivitas harian Stomoxys spp. pada pukul 14.00-15.00 yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas di peternakan. Hasil uji normalitas data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov dan uji homogenitas data memiliki nilai signifikansi p>0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan data berdistribusi dan bervariasi normal. Pada hasil uji t, didapatkan nilai signifikansi pada masing-masing parameter uji p<0,05 (0,005 dan 0,01), sehingga ada perbedaan penggunaan perangkap Vavoua dan Nzi terhadap jumlah lalat yang terperangkap.

Keywords

Dinamika populasi; Perangkan nzi; Perangkap vavoua; Sapi perah; Stomoxys spp.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Afriyanda, W., Hadi, U.K., and Soviana, S. (2019). Ragam Jenis dan Aktivitas Menghisap Darah Lalat Stomoxys spp. di Peternakan Sapi Perah di Kabupaten Bogor. Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana. 7 (1): 37-45. Baldacchino, F., Muenworn, V., Desquesnes, M., Desoli, F., Charoenviriyaphap, T., and Duvallet, G., (2013). Transmission of pathogens by Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae): a review. Parasite. 20 (26). Baleba, S.B.S., Torto, B., Masiga, D., Weldon, C.W., and Getahun, M.N. (2019). Egg-laying decision based on olfactory cues ehhance offspring fitness in Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Scientific Reports. 9: 3850. Balmos, O.M., Supeanu, A., Tamba, P., Cazan, C.D., Ionica, A.M., Ungur, A., Motiu, M., Manita, F.A., Ancuceanu, B.C., Barbuceanu, F., and Mihalca, A.D. (2021). Entomological survey to study the possible involvement of arthopod vectors in the transmission of African swine fever virus in Romania. European Food Safety Authority Journal Supporting Publication. 18 (3). BPS. (2018). Kecamatan Pangalengan dalam Angka 2018. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bandung. Changbunjong, T., Sedwisi, P., Weluwanarak, T., Nitiyamatawat, E., Sariwongchan, R., and Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2018). Species diversity and abundance of Tabanus spp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) in different habitats of Thailand). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 21: 134-139. Changbunjonga, T., Sumruayphol, S., Weluwanarak, T., Ruangsittichai, J., and Dujardin, J. (2016). Landmark and outline-based geometric morphometrics analysis of three Stomoxys flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Folia Parasitologica. 63 (37). Changbunjongb, T., Weluwanarak, T., Samung, Y., and Ruangsittichai, J. (2016). Molecular identification and genetic variation of hematophagous flies, (Diptera: Muscidae: Stomoxynae) in Thailand based on cox1 barcodes. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 19: 1117-1123. Coronado, A., Butler, J.F., Becnel, J., and Hogsette, J. (2004). Artificial feeding in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans and their relationship with the blood meal destination. Proceedings of the 1st international symposium and 2nd national symposium on Haemoparasites and their vectors, Simon Bolivar University (USB), Caracas, Venezuela. 14-16 October 2004. Denning, S.S., Washburn, S.P., and Watson, D.W. (2014). Development of a novel walk-through fly trap for the control of horn flies and other pests on pastured dairy cows. Jouenal of Dairy Science. 97 (7): 4624-4631. Desquesnes, M., Dargantes, A., Lai, D.H., Lun, Z.R., Holzmuller, P., and Jittapalapong, S. (2013). Trypanosoma evansi and Surra: A Review and Perspectives on Transmission, Epidemiology and Control, Impact, and Zoonotic Aspect. BioMed Research International. 321237. Gilles, J., David, J.F., Duvallet, G. (2005). Temperatur effect on development and survival of two stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans and Stomoxys niger niger (Diptera : Muscidae ), in La Reunion Island. Journal of Medical Entomology. 42 (3): 260-265. Ginting, E.T.B. (2016). Evaluasi Penerapan Good Dairy Farming Practice pada Peternakan Rakyat Sapi Friesian Holstein di Pangalengan dan Cikajang Jawa Barat. Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hadi, U.K. and Koesharto, F. (2006). Hama Permukiman Indonesia. Pengenalan, Biologi, dan Pengen- dalian. IPB Press, Bogor. Hadi, U.K. and Soviana, S. (2010). Ektoparasit Pengenalan, Identifikasi dan Pengendalian. IPB Press, Bogor. Jeanbourquin, P. (2005). The role of odour perception in the sensory ecology of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Disertasi. Faculte des sciences Universite de Neuchatel, Swiss. Kaufman, P.E. and Weeks, E.N.I. (2019). Stable Fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Insecta: Diptera: Muscidae). Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension University of Florida. EENY642. Keawrayup, S., Duvallet, G., Sukonthabhirom, S., and Chareonviriyaphap, T., (2012). Diversity of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) and diurnal variations of activity of Stomoxys indicus and S. calcitrans in a farm, in Wang Nam Khiao District, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Parasite. 19: 259-265. Jacquiet, P., Rouet, D., Bouhsira, E., and Salem, A. Population dynamics of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) in southwestern France. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire. 165 (9-10): 267-271. Laveissiere, C. and Grebaut, P. (1990). The trapping of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae). Improvement of a model: the Vavoua trap. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. 41 (2): 185-192. Lendzele, S.S., Francois, M.J., Roland, Z.C., Armel, K.A. and Duvallet, G. (2019). Factor Influencing Seasonal and Daily Dynamics of the Genus Stomoxys Geoffroy, 1762 (Diptera: Muscidae), in the Adamawa Plateau, Cameroon. International Journal of Zoology. 3636943. Lendzele, S.S., Roland, Z.K.C., Armel, K.A., Rodrigue, M.N., Abdoulmoumini, M., Lydie, A.G., Bertrand, M., and Mavoungou, J.F. (2020). Efficacy of Modified Vavoua and Nzi Traps in the Capture of Stable Flies: A Preliminary Field Trial in Cameroon. Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology. 9 (3): 1000230. Lorn, S., Ratisupakorn, S., Duvallet, G., Chareonviriyaphap, T., Tainchum, K. (2019). Species Composition and Abundance of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Peninsular Thailand. Journal of Medical Entomology. 20 (10): 1-7. Malaithong, N., Duvallet, G., Ngoen-Klan, R., Bangs, M.J., and Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2019). Stomoxyinae Flies in Thailand: A Precis, with Abridged Taxonomic Key to the Adult Species. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 19 (6): 385-394. Masmeatathip, R., Ketavan, C. and Duvallet, G. (2006). Morphological Studies of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Central Thailand. Kasertsart Journal (Natural Science). 40 (4): 872-881. Mauludin, M.A., Alim, S., dan Sari, V.P. 2017. Pengembangan dan Dinamika Moda Produksi Usaha Peternakan Sapi Perah di Pangalengan Jawa Barat. Sosiohumaniora. 19 (1): 37-44 Mihok, S. and Lange, K. (2011). Synergism between ammonia and phenols for Hybomitra tabanids in northern and temperate Canada. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00999.x. Mihok, S. (2002). The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 92: 385-403. Mihok, S., Kang’ethe, E.K., and Kamau, G.K. (1995). Trials of Traps and Attractants Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. 32 (3): 283-289. Mounioko, F., Maganga, G.D., Mavoungou, J.F., Koumba, C.R.Z., Koumba, A.A., Sevidzem, S.L., Tamesse, J.L., Simo, G and M’batchi, B. (2018). Molecular Screening of Trypanosoma spp. in Glossina, Stomoxys and Tabanids in the Moukalaba Doudou National Park (South-West, Gabon). World Journal of Veterinary Science. 6: 52-61. Muenworn, V. Duvallet, G., Thainchum, K., Tuntakom, S., Tanasilchayakul, S., Prabaripai, A., Akratanakul, P., Sukonthabhirom, S., and Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2010). Geographical Distribution of Stomoxyine Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and Diurnal Activity of Stomoxys calcitrans in Thailand. Journal of Medical Entomology. 47 (5): 791-797. Mullens, B.A., Lii, K.S., Meyer, J.A., Peterson, N.G., and Szijj, C.E. (2006). Behavioral responses of dairy cattle to the stabel fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, in an open Field Environment. Medical Veterinary Entomology. 20:122-137. Nurcahyo, R.W., (2013). Occurance Trypanosomiasis in Indonesia. Presented paper in Workshop on Biting flies dan Trypanosome. Veterinary Research Institute (VRI), Ipoh, Malaysia. 1-35. Nurcahyo, W. (2017). Penyakit Surra pada Hewan dan Ternak. Penerbit Samudra Biru, Yogyakarta. Onju, S., Thaisungnoen, K., Masmeatathip, R., Duvallet, G., and Desquesnes, M. (2020). Comparison of blue cotton and blue polyester fabrics to attract hematophagous flies in cattle farms in Thailand. Journal of Vector Ecology. 45 (2): 262-268. Petrasiunas A., Bernotiene, R., and Turcinaviciene, J. (2018). Catches of Blood-Feeding Flies with Nzi Traps in African Swine Fever Affected Areas of Lithuania. Bulletin of the Lithuanian Entomological Society. 2 (30): 112-118. Phasuk, J., Prabaripai, A., and Chareonviriyaphap, T., (2013). Seasonality and daily flight activity of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms in Saraburi province, Thailand. Parasite. 20 (17). Phasuk, J., Prabaripai, A., and Chareonviriyaphap, T., (2016). A comparison of attractants for sampling Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms in Saraburi province, Thailand. Journal of Economic Entomology. 109 (2): 942-946. Putra, A.K. (2016). Ragam Jenis dan Aktivitas Lalat di Kawasan Usaha Peternakan Sapi Perah Cibungbulang Kabupaten Bogor. Thesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia. Rahmi, A., Fahrimal, Y., and Hasan, M. (2019). Jenis Lalat Penghisap Darah sebagai Vektor Potensi Surra pada Kuda di Aceh Tengah. JIMVET. 3 (3): 133-141. Rodriguez-Batista, Z., Leite, R.C., Oliveira, P.R., Lopes, C.M.L., and Borges, L.M.F. (2005). Populational dynamics of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linneaus) (Diptera: Muscidae) in three biocenosis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology. 130: 343-346. Siswoyo, Hanafiah, M., and Athaillah, F. (2017). Keragaman Lalat Penghisap Darah pada Peternakan Sapi yang Dipelihara secara Semi Intensif di Aceh Besar. JIMVET. 1 (4): 749-759. Solorzano, J.A., Gilles, J., Bravo, O., Vargas, C., Gomez-Bonilla, Y., Bingham, G.V., and Taylor, D.B., (2015). Biology and trapping of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) developing in pineapple residues (Ananas comosus) in Costa Rica. Journal Insect Science. 15 (1): 145. Skovgard, H. and Nachman, G. (2012). Population dynamics of stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) at an organic dairy farm in Denmark based on mark-recapture with destructive sub-sampling. Environmental Entomology. 41 (1): 2-9. Taylor, D.B., Moon, R.D., and Mark, D.R. (2012). Economic impact of stable flies (Diptera:Muscidae) on diary and beef cattle production. Journal of Medical Entomology. 49 (1):198-209. Taylor, D.B., Friesen, K., and Zhu, J. (2017). Precipitation and Temperature Effects on Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Population Dynamics. Environmental Entomology. 46 (3):434-439 Todd, D.H. (1963). The Biting Fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) in Dairy Herds in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 7 (1): 60-79. Tumrasvin, W. and Shinonaga, S. (1978). Studies on medically important flies in Thailand V. On 32 species belonging to the subfamilies Muscinae and Stomoxyinae including the taxonomic keys (Diptera: Muscidae). Buletin ofl Tokyo Medical and Dental University. 25 (4): 201-27. Tunnakundacha, S., Desquesnes, M., and Masmeatathip, R. (2017). Comparison of Vavoua, Malaise and Nzi traps with and without attractants for trapping of Stomoxys spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) and tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) on cattle farms. Agriculture and Natural Resources. 51: 319-323. Vergne, T., Andraud, M., Bonnet, S., Regge, N.D., Desquesnes, M., Fite, J., Etore, F., Garigliany, M., Jori, F., Lempereur, L., Potier, M.L., Quillery, E., Saegerman, C., Vial, L., and Bouhsira, E. (2020). Mechanical transmission of African swine fever virus by Stomoxys calcitrans: Insights from a mechanistic model. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 68 (3): 1541-1549. Vitela-Mendoza, I., Cruz-Vazquez, C., Solano-Vergara, J., and Oriheula-Trujillo, A. (2016). Short communication: Relationship between serum cortisol concentration and defensive behavioral responses of dairy cows exposed to natural infestation by stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans. Journal of Dairy Science. 99 (12): 9912-9916.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.67400