1. Home
  2. Vol 43, No 2 (2016)
  3. Mufrihah

Perundungan Reaktif di Sekolah Dasar dan Intervensi Berbasis Nuansa Sekolah

Arina Mufrihah
(Submitted 21 October 2016)
(Published 1 June 2016)

Abstract


Orang tua dan guru belum banyak menyadari bahwa “perilaku nakal” anak usia sekolah dasar sebenarnya juga merupakan perilaku perundungan. Melihat hal tersebut masih terjadi dan kurang mendapatkan perhatian atau penanganan serius terhadap perilaku kekerasan di sekolah dasar, maka penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidenti­fikasi pelaku, korban, dan bentuk kekerasan, menjelaskan perbedaan perilaku kekerasan antara siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan; antara siswa kelas rendah dan siswa kelas tinggi; menemukan faktor penyebabnya; dan bagaimana peran guru secara preventif dan kuratif terhadap perilaku kekerasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain mixed-method berurutan (kuantitatif→kualitatif), jumlah sampel 142 siswa yang didapatkan dengan cluster sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 62.761% siswa pernah melakukan tindak kekerasan dan terdapat perbedaan perilaku kekerasan antara siswa kelas rendah dengan siswa kelas tinggi (P value 0.930 > 0.05), juga perbedaan antara siswa laki-laki dengan siswa perempuan (P value 0.930 > 0.05). Faktor penyebab perilaku kekerasan bukan hanya keluarga dan lingkungan sekolah, namun juga diri sendiri, di mana para guru sudah melakukan upaya preventif dan kuratif terhadap perundungan berbasis nuansa sekolah.

Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.22146/jpsi.15441

References


Beattie, R Mark. (2015). Long-term effects of bullying. Archieve of Disease in Childood, 100(9i). DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309491. Burton, K. Alex., Florell, Dan., & Gore, Jonathan S. (2013). Differences in Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Traditional Bullies and Cyberbullies. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22(3), 316-328. DOI: 10.1080/10926771.2013.743938. Camodeca, M., Goossens, F. A., Terwogt, M. M., & Schuengel, C. (2002). Bullying and Victimization Among School-age Children: Stability and Links to proactive and Reactive Aggression. Social Development, 11(3), 332-345. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9507-00203. Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65. Creswell, John. (2006). Choosing A Mixed Method Design. Sage: Thousand Oaks. Dedousis-Wallace, Anna., Shute, Rosalyn., Varlow, Megan., Murrihy Rachael., & Kidman, Tony. (2014). Predictor of teacher intervention in indirect bullying at school and outcome of a professional development presentation for teachers. Educational Psychology, 34(7), 862-875. DOI: 10.1080/01443410.785385. Gibson, R. L., & Mitchell, M. H. (2010). Bimbingan dan Konseling. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Gini, Gianluca., & Pozzoli, Tiziana. (2006). The Role of Maculinity in Children's Bullying. Sex Roles, 54(7), 585-588. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-006-9015-1. Golmaryami, Farrah N., Frick, Paul J., Hemphill, Sheryl A., Kahn, Rachel E., Crapanzano, Annie M., & Terranova, Andrew M. (2016). The Social, Behavioral, and Emotional Correlates of Bullying and Victimization in a School-Based Sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(2), 381-391. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-9994-x. Goodman-Scott, Emily., Doyle, Beth., & Brott, Pamelia. (2013). An Action Research Project to Determine the Utility of Bully Prevention in Positive Behavior Support for elementary School Bullying Prevention. Professional School Counseling, 17(1) 120-129. DOI: 10.5330/prsc.17.153346473u5052044. Healy, Karyn L., Sanders, Matthew R., & Lyer, Aarti. (2015). Parenting Practices, Children's Peer Relationships and Being Bullied at School. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(1), 127-140. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-013-9820-4. Hong, J.S., & Espelage, D.L., (2012). A review of research on bullying and peer victimization in school: An ecological system analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(4), 311-322. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2012.03.003. Hong, J. S., Peguero, A. A., Choi, S., Lanesskog, D., Espelage, D. L., & Lee, N. Y. (2014). Social ecology of bullying and peer victimization of Latino and Asian youth in the United States: a review of the literature. Journal of School Violence, 13(3), 315–338. Huang, Hui., Hong, Jun Sung., & Espelage, Dorothy L. (2013). Understanding Factors Associated with Bullying and Peer Victimazation in Chinese Schools Within Ecological Contexts. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(7), 881-892. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-012-9647-4. Juvonen, Jaana., & Graham, Sandra. (2014). Bullying in School: The Power of Bullies and the Plight of Victims. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 159-185. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030. Majcherova, Katarina., Hajduova, Zuzana., & Andrejkovic, Marek. (2014). The role of the school in handling the problem of bullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 463-465. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.06.003. McAdams, C. R., & Schmidt, C. D. (2007). How to Help a Bully; Recommendation for Counseling the Proactive Aggressor. ASCA Professional School Counseling, 11:2, Desember, 120-128. Milsom, A., & Gallo, L. L. (2006). Bullying in Middle Schools: Prevention and Intervention. Middle School Journal (J1), 37(3), 12–19. Morcillo, Carmen., Ramos-Olazagasti, Maria A., Blanco, Carlos., Sala, Regina., Canino, Glorisa., Bird, Hector., & Duarte, Cristiane S. (2015). Socio-Cultural Context and Bullying Others in Childood. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2241-2249. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-014-0026-1. Morrow, Michael. T., Hubbard, Julie A., & Swift, Lauren E. (2014). Relations Among Multiple Types of Peer Victimization, Reactivity to Peer Victimization, and Academic Achievement in Fifth-Grade Boys and Girls. Merill-Palmer Quarterly, 60(3), 302-327. Notosoedirdjo, M., & Latipun. (2007). Kesehatan Mental; Konsep dan Penerapan. Malang: UMM Press. Olweus, Dan., & Breivik, Kyrre. (2014). Plight of Victims of School Bullying: The Opposite of Well-Being. Handbook of Child Well-Being, 15, 2593-2616. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8-100. Puhl, Rebecca M., & King, Kelly M. (2013). Weight Discrimination and Bullying. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 27(2), 117-127. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.12.002. Sciarra, D. T. (2004). School Counseling; Foundations and Contemporary Issues. USA: Thompson Learning, Inch. Toblin, Robin L., et. all. (2005). Social-cognitive and behavioral attributes of aggressive victims of bullying. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 26(3), 329-346. Taylor, S. E. (2006). Health Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill. Veenstra, Rene., Verlinden, Marina., Huitsing, Gijs., Verhulst, Frank C., & Tiemeier, Henning. (2013). Behind bullying and defending: same-sex and other-sex relations and their associations with acceptance and rejection. Aggressive Behavior, 39(6), 462-471. DOI: 10.1002/ab.21495. Yang, An., & Salmivalli, Christina. (2013). Different forms of bullying and victimization: Bully-victims versus bullies and victims. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(6), 723-738. DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2013.793596. Zwierzynska, Karolina., Wolke, Dieter., & Lereya, Tanya S. (2013). Peer Victimization in Childood and Internalizing Problems in Adolescence: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(2), 309-323. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9678-8.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Psikologi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.