Factors Affecting Pharmacists' Perceptions and Practices of Pharmacy Services during the Pandemic

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.70478

Shahiroh Haulaini(1*), Anna Wahyuni Widayati(2), Susi Ari Kristina(3)

(1) Magister Manajemen, Fakultas Farmasi, Univeritas Gadjah mada
(2) Departemen Farmasetika, Fakultas Farmasi, Univeristas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Farmasetika, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Since WHO announced that COVID-19 is a global pandemic, there had been various changes in health services, including pharmaceutical services. Pharmaceutical preparations, medical devices, and consumable medical materials are pharmaceutical products in which the management is performed by pharmacists, so they must be managed wisely during this pandemic. This study aims to analyze what factors influence pharmacists' perceptions in doing pharmaceutical service during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey in which researchers distributed online questionnaires. Respondents were selected by convenience sampling with inclusion criteria: pharmacists who had practiced pharmacy services in Pharmacies and/or in public health centers (puskesmas) and/or in clinics and/or in hospitals in the Riau Islands province; had not participated in qualitative research and were willing to become research respondents. One hundred and fifteen respondents filled out questionnaires. We analyzed descriptively and statistically with Mann Whitney, Spearman Rank, and Kruskal Wallis test in Jamovi version 2.0. The level of significance for all statistical tests was set at p < 0,05. The results showed that of the 6 independent variables: age, gender, place of practice, length of practice experience, experience attending training/seminar related to COVID-19, and external factors, none of them influenced or correlated with the dependent variable: the role of pharmacists in management, the role of pharmacists in clinical pharmacy services as well as the development of the role and capacity of pharmacists during the pandemic. It can be concluded that there are no certain factors that affect the perception of pharmacists in doing pharmaceutical practices and services during pandemics based on statistical tests that have been done.


Keywords


bencana; COVID-19; farmasi; praktik apoteker; persepsi

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. WHO. Published 2021. Accessed March 14, 2021. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
  2. Kemenkes RI. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/Menkes/382/2020 Tentang Protokol Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat di Tempat dan Fasilitas Umum Dalam Rangka Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Published online 2020.
  3. Prihatin IU. Polri Temukan 18 Kasus Penimbunan APD serta Hand Sanitizer. Merdeka.com.https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/polri-temukan-18-kasus-penimbunan-apd-serta-hand-sanitizer.html. Published April 9, 2020.
  4. Noe B, Smith A. Development of a community pharmacy disaster preparedness manual. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2013;53(4):432-437.
  5. Watson KE, Tippett V, Singleton JA, Nissen LM. Disaster health management: Do pharmacists fit in the team? Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2019;34(1):46-55.
  6. Schafheutle EI, Seston EM, Hassell K. Factors influencing pharmacist performance: A review of the peer-reviewed literature. Health Policy. 2011;102(2-3):178-192.
  7. Jacobs S, Hassell K, Ashcroft D, Johnson S, O’Connor E. Workplace stress in community pharmacies in England: Associations with individual, organizational and job characteristics. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy. 2014;19(1):27-33.
  8. Kristina SA, Herliana N, Hanifah S. The perception of role and responsibilities during covid-19 pandemic: A survey from indonesian pharmacists. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020;12(December):3034-3039.
  9. Karasneh R, Al-Azzam S, Muflih S, Soudah O, Hawamdeh S, Khader Y. Media’s effect on shaping knowledge, awareness risk perceptions and communication practices of pandemic COVID-19 among pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2021;17(1):1897-1902.
  10. Basheti IA, Nassar R, Barakat M, et al. Pharmacists’ readiness to deal with the coronavirus pandemic: Assessing awareness and perception of roles. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2020;17(3):514-522.
  11. Assiri A, Iqbal MJ, Gramish J, et al. Pharmacists’ satisfaction with their involvement in the management of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021;29(1):85-90.
  12. Shahil Feroz A, Pradhan NA, Hussain Ahmed Z, et al. Perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan: An exploratory qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(8).
  13. Haulaini S. PERSEPSI APOTEKER PADA PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KEPULAUAN RIAU. Published online 2021.
  14. The Jamovi Project. Jamovi [Computer Software]. Published 2021. https://www.jamovi.org/about.html
  15. Shi J, Hu X, Guo X, Lian C. Risk Information Seeking Behavior in Disaster Resettlement : A Case Study of Ankang City , China. Published online 2020.
  16. The International Pharmaceutical Federation. COVID-19: GUIDELINES FOR PHARMACISTS AND THE PHARMACY WORKFORCE. 2020;(March):0-48.
  17. Erku DA, Belachew SA, Abrha S, et al. When fear and misinformation go viral: Pharmacists’ role in deterring medication misinformation during the “infodemic” surrounding COVID-19. 2020;(January).
  18. Marwitz KK. The pharmacist’s active role in combating COVID-19 medication misinformation. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2021;61(2):e71-e74.
  19. Goff DA, Ashiru-Oredope D, Cairns KA, et al. Global contributions of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. JACCP Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. 2020;3(8):1480-1492.
  20. Wegbom AI, Edet CK, Raimi O, Fagbamigbe AF, Kiri VA. Self-Medication Practices and Associated Factors in the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Virus: A Population-Based Survey in Nigeria. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9(June):1-9.
  21. Loxton M, Truskett R, Scarf B, Sindone L, Baldry G, Zhao Y. Consumer Behaviour during Crises: Preliminary Research on How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and the Role of the Media in Influencing Behaviour. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2020;13(8):166.
  22. Borsellino V, Kaliji SA, Schimmenti E. COVID-19 drives consumer behaviour and agro-food markets towards healthier and more sustainable patterns. Sustainability (Switzerland). 2020;12(20):1-26.
  23. Razu SR, Yasmin T, Arif TB, et al. Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9(August).
  24. Unicef. On the COVID-19 frontlines, guidelines help health workers to s tay safe in uncertain times. Published online 2021:1-8. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/coronavirus/stories/guidelines-to-help-health-workers-stay-safe
  25. IAI. Kegiatan.https://www.iai.id/news/kegiatan. Published 2021.
  26. Alnazly E, Khraisat OM, Al-Bashaireh AM, Bryant CL. Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3 March).
  27. Søvold LE, Naslund JA, Kousoulis AA, et al. Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: An Urgent Global Public Health Priority. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9(May):1-12.
  28. Abdel Jalil M, Alsous MM, Abu Hammour K, Saleh MM, Mousa R, Hammad EA. Role of Pharmacists in COVID-19 Disease: A Jordanian Perspective. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2020;14(6):782-788.
  29. Athiyah U, Setiawan CD, Nugraheni G, Zairina E, Utami W, Hermansyah A. Assessment of pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice in chain community pharmacies towards their current function and performance in Indonesia. Pharmacy Practice. 2019;17(3):1-7.
  30. Austin Z, Gregory P. Resilience in the time of pandemic: The experience of community pharmacists during COVID-19. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2021;17(1): 1867-1875.
  31. Johnston K, O’Reilly CL, Cooper G, Mitchell I. The burden of COVID-19 on pharmacists. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2021;61(2):e61-e64.
  32. Elbeddini A, Prabaharan T, Almasalkhi S, Tran C. Pharmacists and COVID-19. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. 2020;13(1):1-4.
  33. Hasegawa F, Hazama K, Ikeda S, Takeda H. Extending role by Japanese pharmacists after training for performing vital signs monitoring. Pharmacy Practice (Internet). 2014;12(3):0-0.
  34. Verma RK, Chong WW, Taha NA, Paraidathathu T. Impact of an Educational Training Program on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers of Community Pharmacists Towards Obesity and Overweight Management in Malaysia. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9(September).
  35. Mikołajczyk K. Changes in the approach to employee development in organisations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Training and Development. Published online 2021.
  36. Abogsesa AS, Kaushik G. Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance. International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change. 2018;4(3):53-68.
  37. Yáñez-Araque B, Gómez-Cantarino S, Gutiérrez-Broncano S, López-Ruiz VR. Examining the determinants of healthcare workers’ performance: a configurational analysis during covid-19 times. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(11).



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.70478

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2158 | views : 1988

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats