The Depiction of Antibiotic Use without Presciption and Community Attitudes Towards Drugstores that Refused to Sell Antibiotic without Prescription

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.44661

M Rifqi Rokhman(1*), Satibi Satibi(2)

(1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Antibiotic resistance causes reduced therapeutic effectiveness. Understanding of people's behavior plays an important role in countering antibiotic resistance especially by preventing irrational use of antibiotics. The purpose of the study was to depict the experience of respondents in using antibiotics without prescription and the relationship of characteristics of respondents with unwillingness to remain a customer at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. The study design applied cross-sectional using a questionnaire, and sampling was done by purposive sampling. Respondents were people who used antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. The survey was conducted in Yogyakarta in September-October 2018. The data were analyzed descriptively and used multivariate logistic regression. As many as 44.2% of the total 670 respondents used antibiotics the last time more than a year ago; 69.5% received information about antibiotics from previous treatments; 93.4% received antibiotics from pharmacies, and 69.2% stated that the most used antibiotic was amoxicillin. More than half (62.2%) of respondents were still willing to become customers at a pharmacy that had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Respondents with high school education or lower as the latest education degree (OR = 1.513; 95% CI 1.017-2.252); from family income below the regional minimum wage (OR = 1.858; 95% CI 1.302-2.651), and from Sleman Regency (OR = 1.457; 95% CI 1.016-2.089) became a predictor of the unwillingness of respondents to become customers at a pharmacy who had refused to provide antibiotics without a prescription. Supervision of antibiotic (especially amoxicillin) in pharmacies and education to the community needs to be used as part of a strategy against irrational use of antibiotics. In addition, education needs to be given to pharmacists to reduce fears of decreased in the number of their customers because they refuse to deliver antibiotics without a prescription.


Keywords


pengalaman; perilaku; penolakan; antibiotik tanpa resep; experience; behavior; rejection; non-prescribed antibiotics

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Oh AL, Hassali MA, Al-Haddad MS, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Awaisu A. Public knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic usage: A cross-sectional study among the general public in the state of Penang, Malaysia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011;5(5):338-347. doi:10.3855/jidc.1502
  2. World Health Organization. WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Switzerland; 2001.
  3. Mazińska B, Struzycka I, Hryniewicz W. Surveys of public knowledge and attitudes with regard to antibiotics in Poland: Did the European Antibiotic Awareness Day campaigns change attitudes? PLoS One. 2017;12(2):1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172146
  4. Napolitano F, Izzo MT, Giuseppe G Di, Angelillo IF. Public knowledge, attitudes, and experience regarding the use of antibiotics in Italy. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):1-6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084177
  5. Vallin M, Polyzoi M, Marrone G, Rosales-klintz S. Knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use and resistance - A latent class analysis of a Swedish Population-based sample. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152160
  6. Chaturvedi VP, Mathur AG, Anand AC. Rational drug use - As common as common sense? Med J Armed Forces India. 2012;68(3):206-208. doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.04.002
  7. Bin Nafisah S, Bin Nafesa S, Alamery AH, Alhumaid MA, AlMuhaidib HM, Al-Eidan FA. Over-the-counter antibiotics in Saudi Arabia, an urgent call for policy makers. J Infect Public Health. 2017:7-11. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2016.09.016
  8. Puspitasari HP, Faturrohmah A, Hermansyah A. Do Indonesian community pharmacy workers respond to antibiotics requests appropriately? Trop Med Int Heal. 2011;16(7):840-846. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02782.x
  9. Hadi U, van den Broek P, Kolopaking EP, Zairina N, Gardjito W, Gyssens IC. Cross-sectional study of availability and pharmaceutical quality of antibiotics requested with or without prescription (Over The Counter) in Surabaya, Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):203. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-203
  10. Government Regulation. Government Regulation No 51 Year 2009 on Pharmaceutical Works. Jakarta: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia; 2009.
  11. Pereko DD, Lubbe MS, Essack SY. Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards antibiotic usage in Windhoek, Namibia. South African J Infect Dis. 2015;30(4):134-137. doi:10.1080/23120053.2015.1107290
  12. Abujheisha KY, Al-Shdefat R, Ahmed N, Fouda MI. Public knowledge and behaviours regarding antibiotics use: A survey among the general public. Int J Med Res Heal Sci. 2017;6(6):82-88. http://www.ijmrhs.com/medical-research/public-knowledge-and-behaviours-regarding-antibiotics-use-a-survey-among-the-general-public.pdf.
  13. Jose J, Jimmy B, AlSabahi AGMS, Al Sabei GA. A study assessing public knowledge, belief and behavior of antibiotic use in an Omani population. Oman Med J. 2013;28(5):324-330. doi:10.5001/omj.2013.95
  14. Raosoft Inc. Raosoft Sample Size Calculator. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html. Published 2004. Accessed November 9, 2018.
  15. Erku DA, Mekuria AB, Surur AS, Gebresillassie BM. Extent of dispensing prescription-only medications without a prescription in community drug retail outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a simulated-Patient Study. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2016;8:65-70. doi:10.2147/DHPS.S106948
  16. Apisarnthanarak A, Tunpornchai J, Tanawitt K, Mundy LM. Nonjudicious dispensing of antibiotics by drug stores in Pratumthani, Thailand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(6):572-575. doi:10.1086/587496
  17. Saha S, Hossain MT. Evaluation of medicines dispensing pattern of private pharmacies in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):136. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2072-z
  18. Roque F, Soares S, Breitenfeld L, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Influence of community pharmacists’ attitudes on antibiotic dispensing behavior: A cross-sectional study in Portugal. Clin Ther. 2015;37(1):168-177. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.11.006
  19. Alhomoud F, Aljamea Z, Almahasnah R, Alkhalifah K, Basalelah L, Alhomoud FK. Self-medication and self-prescription with antibiotics in the Middle East – do they really happen? A systemic review of the prevalence, possible reasons and outcomes. Int J Infect Dis. 2017;57:3-12. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.014
  20. Ocan M, Obuku EA, Bwanga F, et al. Household antimicrobial self-medication: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the burden, risk factors and outcomes in developing countries. BMC Public Health. 2015;15(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2109-3
  21. Gunawardhana CB, Sakeena MHF, Sivayoganthan C. Awareness of rational medication use and antibiotic self- medication practices among undergraduate students in a University in Sri Lanka. Trop J Pharm Res. 2015;14(4):723-729. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v14i4.23
  22. Emeka PM, Al-Omar MJ, Khan TM. A qualitative study exploring role of community pharmacy in the irrational use and purchase of nonprescription antibiotics in Al Ahsa. Eur J Gen Med. 2012;9(4):230-234. doi:10.29333/ejgm/82436
  23. Nga DTT, Chuc NTK, Hoa NP, et al. Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;15(1):6. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-15-6
  24. Kalungia AC, Burger J, Godman B, Costa J de O, Simuwelu C. Non-prescription sale and dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies in Zambia. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016;14(12):1215-1223. doi:10.1080/14787210.2016.1227702
  25. Bahnassi A. A qualitative analysis of pharmacists’ attitudes and practices regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription in Syria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2015;10(2):227-233. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.09.001
  26. Al-Mohamadi A, Badr A, Bin Mahfouz L, Samargandi D, Al Ahdal A. Dispensing medications without prescription at Saudi community pharmacy: Extent and perception. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(1):13-18. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.11.003
  27. Bennadi D. Self-medication: A current challenge. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014;5(1):19. doi:10.4103/0976-0105.128253
  28. Jorgji K, Bebeci E, Apostoli P, Apostoli A. Evaluation of use of antibiotics without prescription among young adults in Albania case study: Tirana and Fier District. Hippokratia. 2014;18(3):217-220.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.44661

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2539 | views : 2109

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats