Dispensing Prescription Medicines without a Prescription in Pharmacy

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.33256

M. Rifqi Rokhman(1*), Mentari Widiastuti(2), Satibi Suwarni(3), Ria Fasyah Fatmawati(4), Ni'matul Munawaroh(5), Yenda Ayu Pramesti(6)

(1) Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


A poor drug monitoring system in many developing countries makes patient easy to buy any prescription medicines without prescription. This research aimed to assess the compliance of pharmacy towards prescription medicine’s regulations, pharmacist knowledge toward a list of medicines as prescription or over the counter medicines, and the reasons associated with dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription in pharmacy. The research was a descriptive non-experimental study. The sample was taken using simple random sampling in Sleman and Kota Yogyakarta Regency from September 2016 to January 2017. Data were taken in 2 steps, using simulated patient and a questionnaire one week after the first step. The simulated patient would come to the pharmacy and requested amlodipine 5 mg 10 tablets and allopurinol 100 mg 20 tablets. The questionnaire assessed pharmacist knowledge in classifying of several medicines as prescription or over the counter medicines, information taken and given when dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription, and the reason associated with dispensing prescription medicines without a prescription. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that from 138 pharmacies randomly selected, 132 pharmacies (95,7%) dispensed amlodipine and 127 pharmacies (92,0%) sold allopurinol without a prescription. Majority of pharmacists (more than 85%) hold a view that prescription medicines mainly for chronic diseases (glibenclamide, metformin, amlodipine, captopril, allopurinol, dan simvastatin) as the over the counter medicines, as the main reason was patients regularly taking this medication before. However, the majority of pharmacists (79,2%) perceived that antibiotics as prescription medicines that should be dispensed only with a medical prescription. This research showed that pharmacist does not fully implement applicable regulations.

Keywords


prescription medicines without a prescription; pharmacy; chronic disease medications; antibiotics

Full Text:

PDF


References

1. World Health Organization. The world medicines situation. WHO. 2004:1-151. doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0657.

2. Chaturvedi VP, Mathur AG, Anand AC. Rational drug use - As common as common sense? Med J Armed Forces India. 2012;68(3):206-208. doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.04.002.

3. Miller R, Goodman C. Performance of retail pharmacies in low- and middle-income Asian settings: A systematic review. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(7):940-953. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw007.

4. Saha S, Hossain MT. Evaluation of medicines dispensing pattern of private pharmacies in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):136. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2072-z.

5. Bennadi D. Self-medication: A current challenge. J Basic Clin Pharm. 2014;5(1):19. doi:10.4103/0976-0105.128253.

6. Erku DA, Mekuria AB, Surur AS, Gebresillassie BM. Extent of dispensing prescription-only medications without a prescription in community drug retail outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a simulated-Patient Study. Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2016;8:65-70. doi:10.2147/DHPS.S106948.

7. Lansang MA, Lucas-Aquino R, Tupasi TE, et al. Purchase of antibiotics without prescription in Manila, The Philippines. Inappropriate choices and doses. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43(1):61-67. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90057-V.

8. Soumya R, Devarashetty V, Jayanthi CR, Sushma M. Drug dispensing practices at pharmacies in Bengaluru: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2016;48(4):360-364. doi:10.4103/0253-7613.186204.

9. Esimone CO, Nworu CS, Udeogaranya OP. Utilization of antimicrobial agents with and without prescription by out-patients in selected pharmacies in South-eastern Nigeria. Pharm World Sci. 2007;29(6):655-660. doi:10.1007/s11096-007-9124-0.

10. Bahnassi A. A qualitative analysis of pharmacists’ attitudes and practices regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription in Syria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2015;10(2):227-233. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.09.001.

11. Apisarnthanarak A, Tunpornchai J, Tanawitt K, Mundy LM. Nonjudicious dispensing of antibiotics by drug stores in Pratumthani, Thailand. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29(6):572-575. doi:10.1086/587496.

12. Nga DTT, Chuc NTK, Hoa NP, et al. Antibiotic sales in rural and urban pharmacies in northern Vietnam: an observational study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2014;15(1):6. doi:10.1186/2050-6511-15-6.

13. Suleiman AK, Khan TM, Emeka PM, Ahmad S, Mansoor SM. The public purchase of aphrodisiac products without prescriptions in the Alahsa region of KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2016;11(5):413-417. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.05.002.

14. Alshammari TM, Alhindi SA, Alrashdi AM, Benmerzouga I, Aljofan M. Pharmacy malpractice: The rate and prevalence of dispensing high-risk prescription-only medications at community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J. 2016:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.001.

15. Tjäderborn M, Jönsson AK, Sandström TZ, Ahlner J, Hägg S. Non-prescribed use of psychoactive prescription drugs among drug-impaired drivers in Sweden. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;161:77-85. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.031.

16. Roque F, Soares S, Breitenfeld L, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Influence of community pharmacists’ attitudes on antibiotic dispensing behavior: A cross-sectional study in Portugal. Clin Ther. 2015;37(1):168-177. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.11.006.

17. Peraturan Pemerintah. Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 51 tahun 2009 tentang pekerjaan kefarmasian. Jakarta: Pemerintah Republik Indonesia; 2009.

18. Hadi U, van den Broek P, Kolopaking EP, Zairina N, Gardjito W, Gyssens IC. Cross-sectional study of availability and pharmaceutical quality of antibiotics requested with or without prescription (Over The Counter) in Surabaya, Indonesia. BMC Infect Dis. 2010;10(1):203. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-203.

19. Puspitasari HP, Faturrohmah A, Hermansyah A. Do Indonesian community pharmacy workers respond to antibiotics requests appropriately? Trop Med Int Heal. 2011;16(7):840-846. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02782.x.

20. Gastelurrutia MA, Larrañaga B, Garay A, Echeveste FA, Fernandez-Llimos F. Impact of a program to reduce the dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription in Spain. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2013;11(4):185-190. doi:10.4321/S1886-36552013000400002.

21. Watson MC, Skelton JR, Bond CM, et al. Simulated patients in the community pharmacy setting. Using simulated patients to measure practice in the community pharmacy setting. Pharm World Sci. 2004;26(1):32-37.

22. Kepmenkes. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1176 Tahun 1999 Tentang Daftar Obat Wajib Apotik Nomor 3. Jakarta: Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 1999.

23. Al-Mohamadi A, Badr A, Bin Mahfouz L, Samargandi D, Al Ahdal A. Dispensing medications without prescription at Saudi community pharmacy: Extent and perception. Saudi Pharm J. 2013;21(1):13-18. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2011.11.003.

24. Khan TM. The consequences of nonprescription medication sales in Saudi Arabia’s community pharmacies: regulations without implementation. Ther Adv drug Saf. 2014;5(4):173-174. doi:10.1177/2042098614526770.

25. Alosaimi FD, Alruwais FS, Alanazi FA, Alabidi GA, Aljomah NA, Alsalameh NS. Patients reasons for obtaining psychotropic medications without a prescription at retail pharmacies in Central Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences. 2016;21(4):338-344. doi:10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20160245.

26. Satibi S, Rokhman MR, Aditama H. Manajemen apotek. Yogyakarta: Gama Press; 2016.

27. WHO. Guidelines for the regulatory assessment of medicinal products for use in self-medication. Genewa: WHO; 2000. doi:10.1016/S0009-9236(03)00239-X.

28. Emeka PM, Al-Omar MJ, Khan TM. A qualitative study exploring role of community pharmacy in the irrational use and purchase of nonprescription antibiotics in Al Ahsa. Eur J Gen Med. 2012;9(4):230-234.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.33256

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 5002 | views : 63891

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2018 JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

©Jurnal Manajemen dan Pelayanan Farmasi
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Creative Commons License
View My Stats