DISRUPSI DAN MASA DEPAN PROFESI HUKUM

Widodo Dwi Putro

doi:10.22146/jmh.42928

DISRUPSI DAN MASA DEPAN PROFESI HUKUM

https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.42928

Widodo Dwi Putro^(1*)

(1) Mataram University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Abstract

Disruption poses a threat on legal profession establishments such as law firms, notaries, as well as the courts. In the past, law used to be perceived as a complicated matter to laypersons and thus people dealing with the law required legal consultants in the past. However, artificial intelligence capable of resolving various legal issues has now become readily available making it unnecessary for people to consult with law firms. The main question is, why is artificial intelligence capable of replacing the human legal profession? In an effort to answer the said question, the research method looks at previous research predicting the occurrence of disruption in the area of law. The researcher also considers the most recent developments in the “competition” between the human legal profession and artificial intelligence. Any technology is bound to be replaced by an even more sophisticated technology, hence the legal profession applying a mechanical legal process is inevitably going to be replaced with speedier and more accurate artificial intelligence.

Intisari

Disrupsi mengancam kemapanan profesi hukum seperti kantor-kantor advokat, notaris, dan juga pengadilan. Jika sebelumnya, hukum terasa rumit bagi banyak orang awam sehingga memerlukan konsultan hukum bagi yang berurusan dengan hukum, kini telah tersedia artificial intelligence yang mampu memecahkan berbagai persoalan hukum sehingga orang tidak perlu konsultasi ke kantor hukum. Pertanyaan mendasar, mengapa artificial inttelligence dapat menggantikan profesi hukum manusia? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan itu, Penulis menelusuri penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang memprediksi munculnya disrupsi di bidang hukum. Penulis juga melihat perkembangan terbaru “kompetisi” antara profesi hukum manusia dan artificial intelligence. Teknologi yang lebih canggih akan menggantikan sesuatu yang bersifat teknologi pula, maka profesi hukum yang cara berhukumnya mekanis akan digantikan oleh artificial intelligence yang lebih cepat dan akurat.

Keywords

disrupsi; profesi hukum; kecerdasan buatan; teknologi

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. Buku

Araszkiewicz, Michal, et al., 2013, Coherence: Insights from Philosophy, Jurisprudence and Artificial Intelligence, Springer.

Ashley, Kevin D., 2017, Artificial Intelligence and Legal Analytics New Tools for Law Practice in the Digital Age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Ertel, Wolfgang, 2017, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Springer.

Gardner, Anne von der Lieth, 1987, Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Harris, J.W., 1982, Law and Legal Science: An Inquiry into the Concepts Legal Rule and Legal System, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Kelsen, Hans, 1976, The Pure Theory of Law, Diterjemahkan oleh Max Knight, University of California Press.

Kuhn, Thomas, 1962, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Lafrate, Fernando, 2018, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data: The Birth of New Intelligence, ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., United States.

Langdell, Cristopher, 1871, A Selection of Cases on the Law of Contracts: Part 1. Brown & Company, Boston Little.

Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, 2009, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Prenada Media, Jakarta.

Somek, Alexander, 2017, The Legal Relation Legal Theory After Legal Positivism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Susskind, Richard, et al., 2015, The Future of The Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Work of Human Experts, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

_______________, 2017, Tomorrow’s Lawyers: An Introduction Your Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Tuori, Kaarlo, 2016, Critical Legal Positivism, Routledge, London.

Warassih, Esmi, 2005, Pranata Hukum: Sebuah Telaah Sosiologis, Suryandaru Utama, Semarang.

B. Artikel Jurnal

Aamodt, Agnar, et al., "Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches", Artificial Intelligence Communications, Vol 7, No.1, 1994.

Hutchinson, Terry, “Legal Research in The Fourth Industrial Revolution”, Monash University Law Review, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2017.

Langdell, C., “Harvard Celebration Speeches”, Law Quaterly Review, No. 3, 1887.

Paulson, Stanley L., “Continental Normativism and Its British Counterpart: How Different are they?”, Ratio Juris, Vol.6, No. 3, December, 1993.

Rhyne, Charles S., “The Computer Will Speed a Law-Full World”, American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 53, May 1967.

C. Makalah

Bedner, Adriaan, “The Future of Legal Education in Indonesia”, Makalah, disampaikan dalam International Conference on Legal Education in Southeast Asia, 1-2 October 2013.

Wignjosoebroto, Soetandyo, ”Konsep Hukum, Tipe dan Metode Penelitiannya,” Makalah, disampaikan pada Penataran Metodologi Penelitian Hukum di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanudin, Makasar, 4- 5 Februari 1994.

_______________________, “Positivisme: Paradigma ke Arah Lahirnya Teori Sosial dan Teori Hukum Modern berikut Kritik-kritiknya”, Makalah, disampaikan dalam Diskusi Lingkar Belajar Huma 2010.

D. Artikel dalam Antologi dengan Editor

Benjamins, V.R., et al., “Iuriservice: Intelligent Frequently Asked Questions System to Assist Newly Appointed Judges”, dalam Benjamins, V.R., et al., 2005, Law and the Semantic Web Legal Ontologies, Methodologies, Legal Information Retrieval, and Applications, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg.

Marmor, Andrei, “Exclusive Legal Positivism”, dalam Coleman, Jules L., et al., 2002, The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, Oxford Press, Oxford.

E. Artikel Koran

Turner, Karen, “Meet “Ross” The Newly Hired Legal Robot”, The Washington Post, 16 Mei 2016.

F. Internet

Finch, Sarah, “5 Technological Disruptions In The Legal Sector”, https://disruptionhub.com/5-technological-disruptions-in-the-legal-sector/, diakses 22 Agustus 2019.

Hukumonline, “Artificial Intelligence dalam Industri Hukum, Menyongsong Masa Depan Dunia Hukum Tanpa Hakim dan Lawyer?”, https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt5ac7289c0b372/artificial-intelligence-dalam-industri-hukum--menyongsong-masa-depan-dunia-hukum-tanpa-hakim-dan-lawyer, diakses 12 November 2018.

Lawgeex, “AI vs. Lawyer: The Ultimate Showdown”, https://www.lawgeex.com/AIvsLawyer/, diakses 23 Oktober 2018.

ODR, https://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr/main/?event=main.home.howitworks, diakses 20 Januari 2019.

G. Peraturan Perundang-undangan

Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 66/POJK.04/2017 tentang Konsultan Hukum Yang Melakukan Kegiatan di Pasar Modal, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2017 Nomor 287, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6155.

H. Hasil Wawancara

Hasil Wawancara dengan Burhanudin, Advokat AB & Partners, pada 17 Desember 2018.

Hasil Wawancara dengan Nur Saifur Rauf, Advokat Nur Saifur Rauf, S.H. & Partners, pada 20 Desember 2018.

Hasil Wawancara dengan T.M. Luthfi Yazid, Direktur InLaw Center, pada 5 Januari 2019.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.42928