Encounter with The Other: The Serialists and The Spectralists

https://doi.org/10.22146/jksks.57953

Dionysius Arya Nataraja(1*)

(1) Bennington College
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Musik kontemporer di Paris pada tahun 1970an didominasi oleh musik serial, dan spektralisme hadir memberi alternatif. Di tulisan ini, saya berargumen bahwa fenomena naiknya musik spektral ini bukan hanya sekedar masalah domestik musik kontemporer Eropa, tetapi fenomena ini berkaitan erat dengan masalah hubungan dengan yang “Liyan”, termasuk dengan budaya musik non-Barat. Dalam analisis saya, saya menemukan tendensi pada komposer musik serial untuk menjadi eksklusif melalui apa yang saya sebut mekanisme Othering, yang muncul pada tulisan-tulisan Schoenberg dan Boulez. Sebaliknya, komposer spektral menunjukkan sikap yang lebih inklusif terhadap musik di luar musik kontemporer Eropa. Musik spektral menawarkan terobosan dalam cara pandang terhadap musik, baik dalam ranah teknis mau pun kultural. Sebagai contoh, menggunakan spektrum inharmonik untuk basis komposisi daripada spektrum harmonik—spektrum harmonik sering digunakan sebagai landasan teori untuk membingkai musik non-Barat sebagai “alami” dan “belum tersentuh”. Contoh lain adalah memblurkan perbedaan antara warnanada dan harmoni, di mana konsep ini memperluas konsep harmoni, hingga tidak terbatas pada definisi harmoni klasik Eropa. Musik spektral membuka jalan baru untuk menghadapi pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang inklusivitas.

 The Parisian contemporary music scene was dominated by serial music in the 1970s, and spectral music came to provide a musical alternative. In this essay, I argue that the rise of spectral music is not merely a domestic phenomenon within the European contemporary music scene, but that it is deeply tied with the issues of Othering, including the relationship with non-Western musical cultures. My analysis points out the tendency of exclusivity of the serialists via what I call mechanisms of Othering, as appears in the writings of Schoenberg and Boulez. On the contrary, the view and approach of the spectral composers tend to be more inclusive towards various musical system. Spectral music proposes viewpoints that are groundbreaking on the technical and cultural level. For example, putting the focus on the inharmonic spectra as a compositional basis, which negates the obsession towards the harmonic spectra, as it is often used as a theoretical justification to frame non-Western music as being “natural” and “untouched”. Another example, blurring the distinction between timbre 

 


Keywords


orientalism, postcolonialism, composition, serialism, spectralism

Full Text:

PDF


References

Agawu, Kofi. “The Invention of African Rhythm.” Journal of the American Musicological Society, vol. 48, no. 3, 1995, pp. 380–395., doi:10.2307/3519832. Boulez, Pierre. Orientations: collected writings. Harvard University Press, 1990. Gilmore, Bob, et al. Contemporary compositional techniques and OpenMusic. Paris: IRCAM, 2009. Goldman, Jonathan. “Boulez and the Spectralists between Descartes and Rameau: Who Said What about Whom?” Perspectives of New Music, vol. 48, no. 2, 2010. Lehman, Stephen Hart. Liminality as a Framework for Composition: Rhythmic Thresholds, Spectral Harmonies and Afrological Improvisation. Diss. Columbia University, 2012. Murail, Tristan. “Scelsi, De-Composer.” Contemporary Music Review, vol. 24, no. 2-3, 2005, pp. 173–180., doi:10.1080/07494460500154822. Murail, Tristan. “The Revolution of Complex Sounds.” Contemporary Music Review, vol. 24, no. 2-3, 2005, pp. 121–135., doi:10.1080/07494460500154780. Nonken, Marilyn. The Spectral Piano: From Liszt, Scriabin, and Debussy to the Digital Age. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Perlman, Marc. "American Gamelan in the Garden of Eden: Intonation in a Cross-Cultural Encounter." The Musical Quarterly 78.3 (1994): 510-555. Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Vintage Books, 1979. Scherzinger, Martin. “György Ligeti and the Aka Pygmies Project.” Contemporary Music Review, vol. 25, no. 3, 2006, pp. 227–262., doi:10.1080/07494460600726511. Schoenberg, Arnold. Theory of Harmony. Univ of California Press, 1978. Singleton, Philip D. Spectralism today: a survey of the consequences for contemporary composition of the French Spectral School of the 1970s and 1980s. Diss. University of Surrey, 2016. Smith, Ronald Bruce. “An Interview with Tristan Murail.” Computer Music Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, 2000, pp. 11–19., doi:10.1162/014892600559146. Taruskin, Richard. “Russian Folk Melodies in The Rite of Spring.” Journal of the American Musicological Society, vol. 33, no. 3, 1980, pp. 501–543., doi:10.2307/831304. Xenakis, Iannis. Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition. Bloomington, 1971.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jksks.57953

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3270 | views : 1846

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Kajian Seni

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This journal is published by Performing Arts and Visual Arts Studies, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
statistics View My Stats