Cover Image

Yield and yield components of superior cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) clones rejuvenated by ring budding technique

https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.71385

Resti Utari Wahyudi(1), Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra(2), Didik Indradewa(3*)

(1) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(2) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(3) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora no. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The ring budding technique gave a higher suitability for rejuvenation of cocoa plants compared to side cleft grafting it can be combined with the use of superior clones for optimal production. However, information related to this is still limited. The research aimed to determine the effects of ring budding technique on yield components and yields of three types of superior cocoa clones. The experiment was arranged in a Nested Design. The first factor is the type of vegetative propagation technique, consisting of side cleft grafting and ring budding. The second factor was clones, which consisted of clones KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71. Clones were nested in vegetative propagation. The research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Pagilaran Company. Observations were made on several yield component variables. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5%. The results showed that the number of pods and the weight of beans per cocoa stand were significantly higher in the ring budding technique than the side cleft grafting. This condition caused the dry bean weight per hectare much higher as well. The three cacao clones, which were rejuvenated by ring budding, gave a good response and high yields. Meanwhile, only KKM 2 gave good response and high yield after treated with side cleft grafting technique, while  RCC 70 and RCC 71 clones gave low yields. The KKM 22 clone is the best option in terms of rehabilitation with ring budding and side cleft grafting.


Keywords


Cocoa;clones;ring budding;side cleft grafting

Full Text:

PDF


References

Aikpokpodion, P.E., and Dongo, L.N. (2010). Effects of fermentation intensity on polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod., 5(4), pp. 66–70.
Amaru, K., Edy, S., Nurpilihan, B., Fitri, P.A. (2013). Kajian kelembaban tanah dan kebutuhan air beberapa varietas hibrida DR UNPAD. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian., 1(1), pp. 107–115.
Aneja, M., Gianfagna, T., and Ng, E. (1999). The roles of abscisic acid and ethylene in the abscission and senescence of cocoa flowers. Plant Growth Regulation, 27(3), pp. 149–155
Citrosupomo, G. (1989). Taksonomi tumbuhan: (spermatophyta). 11th ed. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press, pp. 477.
Departemen Perindustrian. (2007). Gambaran sekilas industri kakao. Jakarta: Departemen Perindustrian, pp. 5–8.
Devy, L., Anita-Sari, I., Susilo, A.W., Wachjar, A., Sobir. (2018). Genetic diversity and indirect selection of fine cacao (Theobroma cacao) based on bean color. Biodiversitas, 19(6), pp. 2385–2392.
Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan (2019). Statistik perkebunan Indonesia 2018-2020. Jakarta: Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, pp. 7.
Hidayat, E.B. (1995). Anatomi tumbuhan berbiji. 1st ed. Bandung: ITB Press, pp. 151.
Fujita, K., Okada, M., Lei, K., Ito, J., Ohkura, K., Adu-Gyamfi, J.J., and Mohapatra, P.K. (2003). Effect of P-deficiency on photoassimilate partitioning and rhythmic changes in fruit and stem diameter of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) during fruit growth. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54(392), pp. 2519–2528.
Kusumadati, W., Sutardi., and Kartika, B. (2002). Kajian penggunaan berbagai metode pengeringan dan jenis mutu biji kakao lindak terhadap sifat-sifat kimia bubuk kakao. Gama Sains, 4(2), pp. 102–111.
Lakitan, B. (1997). Dasar-dasar klimatologi. 2nd ed. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. pp. 65.
Limbongan, J. (2007). Percepatan inovasi teknologi pertanian spesifik lokasi mendukung kemandirian masyarakat kampung di papua. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Papua, pp. 377–384.
Martono, B. (2014). Karakteristik morfologi dan kegiatan plasma nutfah tanaman kakao. Inovasi Teknologi Bioindustri Kakao, 1(2), pp. 15–27.
Mog, B., Janani, P., Nayak, M.G., Adiga, J.D., and Meena, R. (2019). Manipulation of vegetative growth and improvement of yield potential of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by paclobutrazol. Scientia Horticulturae., 257, pp. 108748.
Pangaribuan, N. (2004). Peranan auksin dalam usaha menekan kelayuan buah muda kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Matematika, Sains dan Teknologi, 5(1), pp. 31–38.
Pardal, S. J. (2001). Pembentukan buah partenokarpi melalui rekayasa genetika. Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan. Buletin AgroBio, 4(2), pp. 45–49.
Prawoto, A.A. and Winarsih, S. (2010). Mengenal tanaman kakao. In: Lukito, A.M., Buku Pintar Budidaya Kakao. 1st ed. Jakarta: Agro Media Pustaka, pp. 11-41.
Prawoto, A. A. (2014). Dinamika pertunasan, layu pentil dan ketepatan taksasi produksi beberapa klon kakao. Pelita Perkebunan, 30(2), pp. 100–114.
Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao. (2006). Pengendalian hama PBK pada tanaman kakao. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Maluku (BPTP Maluku), pp. 31–36.
Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao (2010). Buku pintar budidaya kakao. 1st ed. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka, pp. 271-291.
Putra, E.T.S., Ngadiman, Riyantono, E. (2012). Evaluasi keberhasilan beberapa teknik sambung pada program rehab di kebun kakao unit produksi Segayung Utara. Laporan Kegiatan Operasional Kebun. PT. Pagilaran. Yogyakarta: PT.Pagilaran, pp. 150
Ramdhini, R.N., Manalu, A.I., Ruwaida, I.P., Isrianto, P.L., Panggabean, N.H., Wilujeng, S., Erdiandini, I., Purba, S.R.F., Sutrisno, E., Hulu, I.L., Purwanti, S., Utomo, B., Surjaningsih, D.R. (2021). Anatomi Tumbuhan. 1st ed. Medan: Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Rismunandar. (1988). Hormon tanaman dan ternak. 1st ed. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, pp. 54–55.
Riza, A. (2009). Pengaruh pemberian kadar air terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung (Zea mays). Journal Unbara., 1(1), pp. 41.
Salisbury, F.B., and Ross, C.W. (1995). Plant Physiology. 1st ed. California: The Banjamin/Cummigs Publishing Company Inc., pp. 581.
Schnappinger, D., Sabine, E., Martin, I., Voskuil., Yang, L., Joseph, A., Mangan., Irene, M., Monahan., Gregory, D., Brad, E., Philip, D., Butcher., Carl, N., Gary, K., and Schoolnik. (2003). Transcriptional adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages : Insights into the phagosomal environment. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 198(5), pp. 693–704.
Secer, M. (1978). Effect of potassium on nitrogen metabolization and grain protein formation in spiring wheat. Kali-Briefe, 14(6), pp. 393–402.
Sutara, P.K. (2016). Struktur dan anatomi tumbuhan. pp. 1–28. Available at:https://simdos.unud.ac .id/uploads/file_pendidikan_1_dir/bcac4e1615491798d8066dc0a362fd46.pdf. [Accessed 11 December 2021].
Tirtawinata, M.R. (2003). Kajian anatomi dan fisiologi sambungan bibit manggis dengan beberapa anggota kerabat Cluciaceae. Dissertation. IPB University.
Tutiliana. (2014). Aplikasi zpt auksin , seng dan boron untuk mengendalikan layu pentil (Cherelle wilt) pada tanaman kakao. JESBIO, 3(4), pp. 1–8.
Wahyudi, T. Panggabean, T.R.P., Pujiyanto. (2008). Panduan lengkap kakao: Manajemen agribisnis dari hulu hingga hilir. 1st ed. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya, pp. 351–358
Zahrah, S. (2011). Respon berbagai varietas kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) terhadap pemberian pupuk NPK organik. J. Teknobiologi, 2(I), pp. 65–69.
Zaubin, R. and Suryadi, R. (2002). Pengaruh troping jumlah daun dan waktu penyambungan. Jurnal Litri., 8(2), pp. 55–60.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ipas.71385

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 1184 | views : 962

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share



Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) ISSN 0126-4214 (print), ISSN 2527-7162 (online) is published by Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada collaboration with Perhimpunan Sarjana Pertanian Indonesia (PISPI) and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web analytics View My Stats