Studi Komponen Kimia Kayu Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell dari Pohon Plus Hasil Uji Keturunan Generasi Kedua di Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.6138

Siti Fatimah(1*), Mudji Susanto(2), Ganis Lukmandaru(3)

(1) Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan Yogyakarta
(3) Bagian Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell (E. pellita) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman cepat tumbuh yang sedang dikembangkan melalui program pemuliaan. Pengembangan jenis ini sudah memberikan hasil yang cukup memuaskan dari sifat pertumbuhan genetika pada uji keturunan generasi pertama dan kedua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia kayu, mengelompokkan dan memeringkatkan pohon plus berdasarkan komponen kimia untuk mendukung program pengembangan uji keturunan generasi berikutnya, khususnya kayu untuk pulp dan kertas. Bahan yang digunakan adalah sampel yang berasal dari 61 pohon plus E. pellita umur 9 tahun yang ditanam di uji keturunan generasi kedua Wonogiri dan berasal dari 6 provenan berbeda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan sistem bor riap pada pangkal pohon setinggi 90 cm dari permukaan tanah. Hasil bor riap digiling hingga diperoleh serbuk kayu dengan ukuran 40-60 mesh. Pengujian sifat kimia kayu mengacu pada standar ASTM. Pengujian tersebut mencakup kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena dan air panas melalui ekstraksi berurutan, kemudian kadar holoselulosa, alfa-selulosa dan lignin. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan gerombol. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kisaran kadar ekstraktif etanol-toluena dan air panas secara berurutan adalah 1,87 - 10,92 % dan 0,64 - 10,00 %. Kisaran kadar holoselulosa, alfa-selulosa dan lignin adalah 72,89 - 79,91 %, 41,84 - 54,85 % dan 22,12 - 36,61% secara berurutan. Koefisien variasi yang tinggi diamati pada parameter kadar ekstraktif (30,78 - 82,91 %). Berdasarkan hasil pemeringkatan sederhana yang dilakukan melalui analisis deskriptif dan gerombol diperoleh 13 individu pohon plus terbaik sebagai bahan baku pulp.

Katakunci: Eucalyptus pellita, kimia kayu, selulosa, analisis gerombol, seleksi pohon

 

A Study on Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell Wood from Progeny Test Second Generation Tree in Wonogiri, Central Java

Abstract

Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell (E. pellita) is one of the fast growing species, which is being developed through tree breeding program. The development of this species had produced good results in the genetic growth characteristics in the first and second generation of progeny trials. The objectives of this research were determining the variation of wood chemical components, clustering and rating the plus trees to support the development program in next generation of the progeny trial, especially in pulp and paper purposes. The materials were the 61 plus trees of E. pellita trees 9-years-old from second generation of progeny trial, Wonogiri in six different provenances. The sampling used the increment borer system at 90 cm from the surface. Materials from the increment borer were milled to 40 - 60 mesh of wood powder. The wood chemical properties were tested according to ASTM standards. It included ethanol-toluene and hot-water solubles by sequential extraction as well as holocellulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin contents. Data analysis used descriptive and clustering analysis. The results showed that the range values of ethanol-toluene extractives and hot water content respectively were 1.87 - 10.92 % and 0.64 - 10.00 %. The range values of holocellulose, alpha-cellulose and lignin contents were 72.89 - 79.91 %, 41.84 - 54.85 % and 22.12 - 36.61 %, respectively. The high values of coefficient of variation were observed in extractive content levels (30,78 - 82,91 %). Based on the simple rating, which was resulted from descriptive and cluster analysis, it gave the best 13 individuals of plus trees for pulp and paper purposes.


Keywords


Eucalyptus pellita; wood chemistry; cellulose; cluster analysis; tree selection

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Andrade MCN, Minhoni MTA, Sansigolo CA & Zied DC. 2010. Analise quiemica da madeira e casca de diferente tipos de eucalipto antes e durante o cult ivo de shiitake em torasi. Arvore, Vicosa – MG 34 (1) : 165-167.
  2. ASTM. 1985. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Section Four Constructions Volume 04.09. Wood Philadelphia.
  3. ASTM. 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Section Four Construction Volume 04.10 Wood. Baltimore.
  4. Bo-Yong L, Li-ting L, Xiao-yong M, Hai-xia W, Wen-ping C. 2011. The selection analysis of 10-year-old Eucalyptus pellita provenance and family. Journal of South China Agricultural University 32 (4) : 72-77.
  5. Browning. 1967. Methods of Wood Chemistry Vol II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. America.
  6. Direktorat Jendral Kehutanan. 1976. Vademecum Kehutanan Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Kehutanan Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
  7. Duret X, Fredon E, Masson E, Desharnais L, & Gerardin P. 2013. Optimization of acid pretreatment in order to increase the phenolic content of Picea abies bark by surface response methodology. BioResources 8 (1) : 1258 – 1273.
  8. Dutt D & Tyagi CH. 2011. Comparison of various eucalyptus species for their morphological, chemical, pulp and paper making characteristics. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 18 (2) : 145-151.
  9. Fengel D & Wegener G. 1995. Kayu : Kimia, Ultrastruktur, Reaksi – Reaksi (Terjemahan). Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
  10. Henriksson G, Brannvall E & Lennholm H. 2009. The Trees. Dalam : Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology Volume 1 Wood Chemistry and Wood Biotechnology. Ek M, Gellerstedt G, & Henriksson. (Ed) Hlm. 13 - 44. Walter de Gryuter, Berlin.
  11. Hillis WE. 1962. The distribution and formation of polyphenols within the tree. Dalam : Wood Extractives and Their Significance to the Pulp and Paper Industries. Hillis WE (Ed). Hlm. 60-131. Academic Press, New York and London.
  12. Igarza UO, Machado EC, Diaz NP, & Martin RG. 2006. Chemical composition of bark of three species of eucalyptus to three heights of commercial bole : Part 2 Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Revista Forestal Venezolan 50 (1) : 53 – 58.
  13. Jansson MB. 2000. Influence on pulp and paper odor. Dalam: Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. Back EL & Allen LH (Ed). Hlm. 354-355. TAPPI Press, USA.
  14. Lee SS. 1993. Disease. Dalam : Acacia mangium Growing and Utilization. Awang K & Taylor D. (Ed). Hlm. 203-233.Wirrock International dan FAO, Bangkok, Thailand.
  15. Leksono B & Setyaji T. 2004. Variasi pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter pada uji keturunan eucalyptus pellita system populasi tunggal. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan Tanaman 1 (2) : 67-78.
  16. Leksono B, Kurinobu S & Ide Y. 2008. Realized genetic gains observed in second generation seedling seed orchards of E. pellita in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 5 : 110-116.
  17. Macfarlane C, Warren CR, White DA, & Adams MA. 1999. A rapid and simple method for processing wood to crude cellulose for analysis of stable carbon isotopes in tree rings. Tree Physiology 19 (12) : 831-835.
  18. Maeglin RR. 1979. Increment Cores : How to Collect, Handle and Use Them. General Technical Report FPL 25. United States Departement of Agriculture. U.S.
  19. Morck R, Jansson MB & Dahlman O. 2000. Resinous compounds in effluents form pulp mills. Dalam : Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. Back EL & Allen LH (Ed). TAPPI Press, USA.
  20. Nilvebrant N. 2000. Color and brighteness reversion due to extractives. Dalam : Pitch Control, Wood Resin and Deresination. Back EL & Allen LH (Ed). Hlm. 353. TAPPI Press, USA..
  21. Oliveira AC, Carneiro ACO, Vital BR, Almeide W, Pereira BLC, & Cardoso MT. 2010. Quality parameters of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. wood and charcoal. Scientia Forestalis 38 (87) : 431 – 439.
  22. Pereira BLC, Oliveria AC, Carvalho AMML, Carneiro ACO, Santos LC & Vital BR. 2012. Quality of wood and charcoal from eucalyptus clones for ironmaster use. International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 : 1-8.
  23. Pouble D, Garcia RA, Latorraca JVF & Carvalho AM. 2011. Anatomical structure and physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell wood. Journal of Floresta e Ambiente 18 (2) : 117-126.
  24. Pudjiono S & Baskorowati L. 2012. Pembangunan populasi pemuliaan tanaman hutan. Dalam: Bunga Rampai : Status Penelitian Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan di BBPBPTH. Nirsatmanto A & Nurtjahjaningsih (Ed). Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan. Yogyakarta.
  25. Qi YT, Jing H, Feng X & Cang SR. 2009. Fractination and physico-chemical analysis of degraded lignins from the black liquor of Eucalyptus pellita KP-AQ Pulping. Journal of Polymer Degradation and Stability 94 (7) : 1142-1150.
  26. Resquin F, Barrichelo LEG, Junior FGS, Brito JO & Sansigolo CA. 2006. Wood quality for kraft pulping of Eucalyptus globulus origins planted in Uruguay. Scientia Forestalis 72 : 57 – 66.
  27. Santos A, Amaral ME, Vaz A, Anjos O, & Simoes R. 2008. Effect of Eucalyptus globulus wood density on papermaking potential. TAPPI Journal 7 : 25 – 31.
  28. Siagian RM, Darmawan S & Saepuloh. 1999. Komposisi kimia kayu Acacia mangium Willd dari beberapa tingkat umur hasil tanam rotasi pertama. Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 17 (1) : 57-66.
  29. Sjostrom. 1995. Kimia Kayu : Dasar – Dasar Penggunaan (Terjemahan). Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta.
  30. Susilawati S & Fujisawa Y. 2002. Family variation on wood density and fiber length of Eucalyptus pellita in Seedling Seed Orchard Pleihari, South Kalimantan. Procedings of the International Conference. Hlm. 53-56. Yogyakarta.
  31. Susilawati S & Marsoem SN. 2006. Variation in wood physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita growing in Seedling Seed Orchard in Pleihari, South Kalimantan. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 3 (2) : 123-138.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jik.6138

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 19155 | views : 23686

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2013 Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/

© Editorial Board Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Building D 2nd floor
Jl. Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman 55281
Phone. +62-274-512102, +62-274-550541, +62-274-6491420
Fax. +62-274-550541 E-mail : jik@ugm.ac.id
former website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jikfkt/
new website : jurnal.ugm.ac.id/v3/jik/

 

Indexed by:

 

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan is under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International