UTANG LUAR NEGERI, INVESTASI DAN TABUNGAN DOMESTIK: SEBUAH SURVEY LITERATUR
Yuswar Zainulbasri(1*)
(1) Universtias Trisakti, Jakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Kajian dan survey literatur ini merupakan pembahasan teoretis serta hasil kajian empiris tentang pentingnya serta peranan utang luar negeri dalam memacu dan mendorong kemajuan ekonomi suatu negara. Kajian yang dilihat disini tidak saja dikhususkan kepada negara-negara berkembang tetapi juga melihat peranan utang luar negeri dalam mendorong kemajuan negara-negara yang dewasa ini dikenal dengan negara-negara industri seperti Jepang dan Jerman. Kedua negara ini pada masa-masa awal pembangunan ekonominya, seperti diketahui memperoleh bantuan melalui Marshall Plan yang dicanangkan oleh Amerika Serikat untuk membantu pemulihan ekonomi negara-negara yang bersangkutan setelah hancur pada Perang Dunia II.
Kajian lain tentu saja ditujukan pada negara-negara berkembang karena lebih dari 90% utang luar negeri khususnya utang-utang multilateral ditujukan kepada negara-negara sedang berkembang, meskipun kebanyakan kajian yang disurvey dilakukan oleh intelektual dari negara-negara industri maju.
Dalam survey ini juga dilihat beberapa kajian yang dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh utang luar negeri terhadap ekonomi Indonesia, meskipun studi tentang Indonesia masih relatif sangat terbatas, baik yang dilakukan oleh pakar asing maupun oleh ekonom-ekonom Indonesia.
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