Effect of high-protein milk on lipid profiles and blood glucose in young adult

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.64579

Harna Harna(1*), Clara Meliyanti Kusharto(2), Katrin Roosita(3), Andi Muh Asrul Irawan(4), Mertien Sa’pang(5), Prita Dhyani Swamilaksita(6)

(1) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
(2) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(3) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
(4) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
(5) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
(6) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: High-protein milk is a complex food that contains several potentially bioactive compounds that might affect blood glucose and cholesterol. Epidemiological data indicate that high-protein milk consumption is associated with a decrease in the prevalence of metabolic disorders or maintaining metabolic health.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of high-protein milk on cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose.

Methods: This study used an experimental trial with the designed randomized controlled trial. The subjects were divided into two groups: 24 subjects in the treatment group and 23 subjects in the control group. The treatment group was given high-protein milk and nutritional education for 90 days. The control groups were given nutritional education.

Results: The results showed that blood glucose did not have a significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05), but it decreased 1.75±3.6 mg/dl after high-protein milk intervention. Blood cholesterol and LDL showed significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). HDL and triglycerides showed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Intervention of high-protein milk could significantly reduce cholesterol and LDL levels and reduce blood glucose after 90 days of intervention in the young adult age group. High-protein milk can be a recommendation to prevent metabolic syndrome.


Keywords


fasting blood glucose; high-protein milk; lipid profiles

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Nolan PB, Carrick-Ranson G, Stinear JW, Reading SA, Dalleck LC. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome components in young adults: a pooled analysis. Prev Med Rep. 2017;7:211-15. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.07.004
  2. Kim M, Kim IH, Lim MK, Kim Y, Park B. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult cancer survivors: Asian first report in community setting. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;58:130-6. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.12.006
  3. Koskinen J, Magnussen CG, Sinaiko A, Woo J, Urbina E, Juonala M, et al. Childhood age and associations between childhood metabolic syndrome and adult risk for metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and carotid intima media thickness: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e005632. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.005632
  4. Istiany A, Rusilanti. Gizi terapan. Bandung (ID): PT Remaja Rosdakary; 2013.
  5. McGregor RA, Poppit SD. Milk protein for improved metabolic health: a review of the evidence. Nutr Metab. 2013;10(46):1-13. 138. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-10-46
  6. Jakubowicz D, Froy O. Biochemical and metabolic mechanisms by which dietary whey protein may combat obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.07.008
  7. Aimutis WR. Bioactive properties of milk proteins with particular focus on anticariogenesis. J Nutr. 2004;134(4):989S-95S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.4.989S
  8. Pal S, Ellis V, Dhaliwal S. Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin, and glucose in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(5):716-23. doi: 10.1017/S000711451000091
  9. Krissansen GW. Emerging health pr operties of whey proteins and their clinical implications. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007;26(6):713S-23S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719652
  10. Madureira AR, Pereira CI, GomeFrids AMP, Pintado ME, Malcata FX. Bovine whey proteins – Overview on their main biological properties. Food Res Int. 2007;40(10):1197-211. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres. 2007.07.005
  11. Patel S. Functional food relevance of whey protein: a review of recent findings and scopes ahead. J Funct Foods. 2015;19(A):308-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.040
  12. Kawase M, Hashimoto H, Hosoda M, Morita H, Hosonot A. Effect of administration of fermented milk containing whey protein concentrate to rats and healthy men on serum lipids and blood pressure. J Dairy Sci. 2000;83(2):255-63. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74872-7
  13. Nagaoka S, Futamura Y, Miwa K, Awano T, Yamauchi K, Kuwata T, et al. Identification of novel hypocholesterolemic peptides derived from bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;281(1):11-17. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4298
  14. Belobrajdic D, McIntosh, Owens J. A high-whey–protein diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity relative to red meat in wistar rats. J Nutr 2004;134(6):1454-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.6.1454
  15. Anderson GH, Luhovvy, Akhavan T, Panahi S. Milk proteins in the regulation of body weight, satiety, food intake and glycemia. Nestlé Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2011;67:147-59. doi: 10.1159/000325581
  16. Acheson KJ, Blondel-Lubrano A, On SOA, Ont MB, Ady-Azar SE, Ammon-Zufferey C, Bovetto L, et al. Protein choices targeting thermogenesis and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(3):525-34. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.005850
  17. Anderson GH, Moore SE. Dietary proteins in the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans. J Nutr. 2004;134(4):974S-9S. doi: 10.1093/jn/134.4.974S
  18. Frid AH, Nilsson M, Holst JJ, Bjork IM. Effect of whey on blood glucose and insulin responses to composite breakfast and lunch meals in type 2 diabetic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(1):69-75. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.69
  19. Nilsson M, Stenberg M, Frid A, Holst JJ, Bjork IME. Glycemia and insulinemia in healthy subjects after lactoseequivalent meals of milk and other food proteins: the role of plasma amino acids and incretins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(5):1246-53. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1246
  20. Petersen BL, Ward LS, Bastian ED, Jenkins AL, Campbel J, Vuksan V. A whey protein supplement decreases post-prandial glycemia. Nutr J. 2009;8:47. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-8-47
  21. Marshall K. Theraupetic applications of whey protein. Alt Med Rev. 2004;9(2):136-186.
  22. Lameshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Besar sampel dalam penelitian kesehatan. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997.
  23. Fekete AA, Giromini C, Chatzidiakou Y, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Whey protein lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function and lipid biomarkers in adults with prehypertension and mild hypertension: results from the chronic Whey2Go randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104(6):1534-44. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.137919
  24. Tahavorgar A, Vafa M, Shidfar F, Gohari M, Heydari I. Beneficial effects of whey protein preloads on some cardiovascular diseases risk factors of overweight and obese men are stronger than soy protein preloads - A randomized clinical trial. J Nutr Intermed Metab. 2016;2(3-4):69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.08.002
  25. Kim D, Kim J. Dairy consumption is associated with a lower incidence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Br J Nutr. 2017;117(1):148-60. doi: 10.1017/S000711451600444X
  26. Chen Q, Reimer RA. Dairy protein and leucine alter GLP-1 release and mRNA of genes involved in intestinal lipid metabolism in vitro. Nutrition. 2009;25(3):34-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.08.012
  27. Lillefosse HH, Clausen MR, Christian C, Ditlev YDB, Zhang X, Liaset B, et al. Urinary Loss of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates as revealed by metabolomics studies: an underlying mechanism to reduce lipid accretion by whey protein ingestion?. J Proteome Res. 2014;13(5):2560-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500039t
  28. Zheng H, Yde CC, Clausen MR, Kristensen M, Lorenzen J, Bertram HC, et al. Metabolomics investigation to shed light on cheese as a possiblepiece in the french paradox puzzle. J Agric Food Chem. 2015;63(10):2830-9. doi: 10.1021/jf505878a
  29. Fekete AA, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA. Can milk proteins be a useful tool in the management of cardiometabolic health? An updated review of human intervention trials. Proc Nutr Soc. 2016;75(3):328-41. doi: 10.1017/s0029665116000264
  30. Alphonse PAS, Ramprasath V, Jones PJH. Effect of dietary cholesterol and plant sterol consumption on plasma lipid responsiveness and cholesterol trafficking in healthy individuals. Br J Nutr. 2017;117(1):56-66. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516004530
  31. Redondo N, García-González N, Diaz-Prieto LE, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Martín-Diana AB, Nova E, et al. Effects of ewe’s milk yogurt (whole and semi-skimmed) and cow’s milk yogurt on inflammation markers and gut microbiota of subjects with borderline-high plasma cholesterol levels: a crossover study. Eur J Nutr. 2019;58(3):1113-24. doi: 10.1007/s00394-018-1626-0
  32. Ramdath DD, Padhi EMT, Sarfaraz S, Renwick S, Duncan AM. Beyond the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein: a review of the effects of dietary soy and its constituents on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nutrients. 2017;9(4):324. doi: 10.3390/nu9040324
  33. Pistrosch F, Natali A, Hanefeld M. Is hyperglycemia a cardiovascular risk factor?. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(2):S128-S31. doi: 10.2337/dc11-s207
  34. Harna, Kusharto CM, Roosita K, Irawan AMA. Pengaruh pemberian susu tinggi protein terhadap tingkat nafsu makan dan kadar glukosa postprandial. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2018;14(4):329-38. doi: 10.30597/mkmi.v14i4.4881
  35. Turner KM, Keogh JB, Clifton JM. Dairy consumption and insulin sensitivity: a systematic review of short- and long-term intervention studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(1):3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.013
  36. Nongonierma AB, FitzGerald RJ. The scientific evidence for the role of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides in humans: a review. J Funct Foods. 2015;17(8):640-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.021
  37. Sartoriusn T, Weidner A, Dharsono T, Boulier A, Wilhelm M, Schön C. Postprandial effects of a proprietary milk protein hydrolysate containing bioactive peptides in prediabetic subjects. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1700. doi: 10.3390/nu11071700
  38. Feizollahzadeh S, Ghiasvand R, Rezaei A, Khanahmad H, Hariri M. Effect of probiotic soy milk on serum levels of adiponectin, inflammatory mediators, lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2017;9(1):41-7. doi: 10.1007/s12602-016-9233-y



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.64579

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 3093 | views : 3613

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats