The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Indonesian population
Deri Indrahadi(1*), Amika Wardana(2), Adi Cilik Pierewan(3)
(1) Department of Sociology Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
(2) Department of Sociology Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
(3) Department of Sociology Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally and remains debated.
Objective: This study examines the association of socioeconomic status with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data obtained from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), a nationally representative population survey data, which polled 30,497 individuals age 16 years and over in 13 provinces in Indonesia. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diabetes mellitus with socioeconomic status.
Results: Education level, employment status, age, and hypertension are related to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. According to educational level, individuals with lower education level were more likely to have diabetes mellitus than those who had a higher level of education (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.21-1.67), higher risk was also found in those who were unemployed (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.33-1.82). Besides, age and hypertension were independent factors for a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, age >55 (OR=4.71; 95% CI: 4.06-5.46), hypertension (OR=5.86; 95% CI: 5.00-6.87). Diabetes mellitus also show significantly higher among individuals living in urban areas compared to individuals living in rural areas (OR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.78-2.55).
Conclusions: Socioeconomic status has a significant association with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among people above 15 years old in Indonesia. The government needs to design a preventive program to control this disease by considering the risk factors that may lead to the development of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(Supp 1):S81-90. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S081
- Egan AM, Dinneen SF. What is diabetes?. Medicine. 2014;42(12):678-81. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.09.005
- Xu Z, Yu D, Yin X, Zheng F, Li H. Socioeconomic status is associated with global diabetes prevalence. Oncotarget. 2017;8(27):44434-9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17902
- WHO. Global report on diabetes. [series online] 2016 [cited 2019 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257
- Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1249-57. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0442
- Pusat Data dan Informasi, Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. [series online] 2014 [cited 2019 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: https://www.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin-diabetes.pdf
- Pusat Data dan Informasi, Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Hari diabetes sedunia tahun 2018. [series online] 2019 [cited 2019 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin-Diabetes-2018.pdf
- Hwang J, Shon C. Relationship between socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes : results from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES ) 2010 – 2012. BMJ Open. 2014;4(8):e005710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005710
- Kim YJ, Jeon JY, Han SJ, Kim HJ, Lee KW, Kim DJ. Effect of socio-economic status on the prevalence of diabetes. Yonsei Med J. 2015;56(3):641-7. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.641
- Koo BK, Kim SW, Yi KH, Moon MK. Low economic status is identified as an emerging risk factor for diabetes mellitus in Korean men aged 30 to 59 years in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 to 2010. Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(2):137-46. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.2.137
- J. F. Elgart, J. L. De La, C. Camilluci, J. B. Brown, C. D. Gonza. Association between socioeconomic status, type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications in Argentina. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;104(2):241-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.02.010
- Kowall, Rathmann W, Strassburger K, Meisinger C, Holle R, Mielck A. Socioeconomic status is not associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in an elderly population in Germany : KORA S4 / F4 Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65:606-12. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.094086
- Funakoshi M, Azami Y, Matsumoto H, Ikota A, Ito K, Miura J, et al. Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes complications among young adult patients in Japan. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0176087. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176087
- Rahati S, Shahraki M, Arjomand G, Shahraki T. Food pattern, lifestyle and diabetes mellitus. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2014;3(1):e8725. doi: 10.5812/ijhrba.8725
- Lindstrom J, Uusitupa M. Lifestyle intervention, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1731-3. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60740-0
- Gnavi R, Karaghiosoff L, Costa G, Merletti F, Bruno G. Socio-economic differences in the prevalence of diabetes in Italy: the population-based Turin study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18(10):678-82. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.11.004
- Idris H, Hasyim H, Utama F. Analysis of diabetes mellitus determinants in indonesia : a study from the Indonesian Basic Health Research 2013. Acta Med Indones. 2017;49(4):291-8.
- Song L, Shen L, Li H, Liu B, Zheng X, Wang Y, et al. Socio-economic status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among Chinese women. Diabet Med. 2017;34(10):1421-7. doi: 10.1111/dme.13415
- Liu J, Liu E, Leng J, Pan L, Zhang C, Yang X, et al. Indicators of socio-economic status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women in urban Tianjin, China. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;144:192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.023
- Berkowitz SA, Karter AJ, Lyles CR, Liu JY, Schillinger D, Sarkar U, et al. Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for hypoglycemia in diabetes patients: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE). J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;25(2):478-90. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0106
- Strauss J, Witoelar F, Sikoki B. User’s guide for the Indonesia Family Life Survey, wave 5. [series online] 2016 [cited 2019 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/working_papers/WR1100/WR1143z2/RAND_WR1143z2.pdf
- Conger RD, Donnellan MB. An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development. Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:175-99. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551
- Rabi DM, Edwards AL, Southern DA, Svenson LW, Sargious PM, Ghali WA, et al. Association of socio-economic status with diabetes prevalence and utilization of diabetes care services. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;6:124. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-6-124
- Aekplakorn W, Chariyalertsak S, Kessomboon P, Assanangkornchai S, Taneepanichskul S, Putwatana P. Prevalence of diabetes and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Thai population: National Health Examination Survey, 2004-2014. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:1654530. doi: 10.1155/2018/1654530
- Zhu S, Hu J, McCoy TP, Li G, Zhu J, Kong L, et al. Socioeconomic status and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among adults in Northwest China. Diabetes Educ. 2015;41(5):599-608. doi: 10.1177/0145721715598382
- Espelt A, Borrell C, Roskam AJ, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Stirbu I, Kunst AE, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes mellitus across Europe at the beginning of the 21st century. Diabetologia. 2008;51(11):1971-9. doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-1146-1
- Lee TC, Glynn RJ, Pena JM, Paynter NP, Albert MA, et al. Socioeconomic status and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus : data from the Women’s Health Study. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027670
- Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, Williams DR, Pamuk E. Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us. Am J Public Health. 2010;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S186-96. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082
- Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):804-18. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyr029
- Steck AK, Rewers MJ. Epidemiology and risk factors for type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: International textbook of diabetes mellitus. [series online] 2015 [cited 2019 Oct 18]. Available from: URL: doi: 10.1002/9781118387658.ch2
- Gale EA, Gillespie KM. Diabetes and gender. Diabetologia. 2001;44(1):3-15. doi: 10.1007/s001250051573
- Suwannaphant K, Laohasiriwong W, Puttanapong N, Saengsuwan J, Phajan T. Association between socioeconomic status and diabetes mellitus: the National Socioeconomics Survey, 2010 and 2012. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(7):LC18-22. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28221.10286
- Fano V, Pezzotti P, Gnavi R, Bontempi K, Miceli M, Fortino A, et al. The role of socio-economic factors on prevalence and health outcomes of persons with diabetes in Rome, Italy. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23(6):991-7. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks168
- Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Kapur A, Vijay V, Mohan V, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia. 2001;44(9):1094-101. doi: 10.1007/s001250100627
- Cheung BMY, Li C. Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway?. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2012 Apr;14(2):160-6. doi: 10.1007/s11883-012-0227-2
- Lago RM, Singh PP, Nesto RW. Diabetes and hypertension. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007;3(10):667. doi: 10.1038/ncpendmet0638
- Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander BA, Cauter EV. Role of sleep duration and quality in the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(16):1768-74. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.16.1768
- Cappucio FP, D’Elia L, Strazzullo P, Miller MA. Quantity and quality of sleep and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):414-20. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1124
- Luyster FS, Dunbar-Jacob J. Sleep quality and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2011;37(3):347-55. doi: 10.1177/0145721711400663
- Chasens ER, Korytkowski M, Sereika SM, Burke LE. Effect of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness on factors associated with diabetes self-management. Diabetes Educ. 2013;39(1):74-82. doi: 10.1177/0145721712467683
- Buijsse B, Boeing H, Drogan D, Schulze, Feskens EJ, Wareham NJ, et al. Consumption of fatty foods and incident type 2 diabetes in populations from eight European countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015;69(4):455-61. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.249
- Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Prog Lipid Res. 2009;48(1):44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2008.10.002
- Venn BJ, Mann JI. Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(11):1443-61. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601995
- Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, Figuls MRI, Metzendorf M, Richter B. Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;12(12):CD003054. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003054.pub4
- Malkawi AM. The effectiveness of physical activity in preventing type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals using well-structured interventions : a systematic review. J Diabetol. 2012;3(2):5.
- Ughreja RA, Ughreja RA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, yoga and telomere length: a literature review. Journal of Insulin Resistance. 2019;4(1):1-9. doi: 10.4102/jir.v4i1.52
- Simbolon D, Siregar A, Talib RA. Physiological factors and physical activity contribute to the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal). 2020;15(3):120-7. doi: 10.21109/kesmas.v15i3.3354
- Hamasaki H. Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: a review. World J Diabetes. 2016;7(12):243-51. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.243
- Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Wasserman DH, Castaneda-Sceppa C, White RD. Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(6):1433-8. doi: 10.2337/dc06-9910
- Padmawati RS, Ng N, Prabandari YS, Nichter M. Smoking among diabetes patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: cessation efforts are urgently needed. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(4):412-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02241.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.55003
Article Metrics
Abstract views : 10960 | views : 12186Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.