Peningkatan visceral adiposity index berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik remaja obesitas

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.51465

Fillah Fithra Dieny(1*), Firdananda Fikri Jauharany(2), A Fahmy Arif Tsani(3), Deny Yudi Fitranti(4)

(1) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(2) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(3) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(4) Departemen Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The increased visceral adiposity index associated with metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex risk factor of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type II. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated to describe the severity of the risk of metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an independent risk factor for metabolic changes related to metabolic syndrome. One indicator to calculate the distribution and fat function is through the calculation of the visceral adiposity index (VAI).

Objective: Analyzing the correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome score in adolescents in the City of Semarang.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 95 obese adolescents in Semarang City aged 12-17 years who were selected by consecutive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were students aged 12-17 years; subjects were obese based on BMI for age (BMI/U > 95th percentile CDC 2000 curves); not in chronic pain or the care of a doctor; and not on a certain diet. Data collected were waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar levels, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Metabolic syndrome scores are calculated using metabolic syndrome risk score (cMets). VAI is calculated to measure fat distribution and dysfunction. Correlation of VAI with metabolic syndrome and the component was analyzed with the Spearman test.

Results: VAI score has a range of 1.8-14.9 with a greater mean in female subjects. The metabolic syndrome score has a range of -5.9 to 6.3 with a greater mean in male subjects. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant relationship between VAI and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.914), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.439) in male, and HDL levels (r=-0.427), triglyceride levels (r=0.955), WC (r=0.346), and metabolic syndrome scores (r=0.691) in female.

Conclusions: VAI has a significant relationship with the metabolic syndrome score which indicates the body's metabolic profile which is getting worse, so the body's metabolic profile can be described from the magnitude of VAI.


Keywords


metabolik syndrome score; obesity; teenager; visceral adiposity index

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Eckel RH, Grundy SN, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005; 365(9468):1415-28. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66378-7
  2. Gelfand JM, Weinstein R, Porter SB, Neimann AL, Berlin JA, Margolis DJ. Prevalence and treatment of psoriasis in the United Kingdom: a population based study. Arch Dermatol. 2005;141(12):1537-41. doi: 10.1001/archderm.141.12.1537
  3. Amato MC, Giordano C, Pitrone M, Galluzzo A. Cut-off points of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) identifying a visceral adipose dysfunction associated with cardiometabolic risk in a Caucasian Sicilian. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:183. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-183
  4. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Salonen JT, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002;288(1):2709-16. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.21.2709
  5. Pitangueira JCD, Silva LR, de Santana MLP, da Silva MCM, Costa PRF, Assis AMO, et al. Metabolic syndrome and associated factors in children and adolescents of a Brazilian municipality. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(4):865-72. doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.29.4.7206
  6. Shuster A, Patlas M, Pinthus JH, Mourtzakis M. The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: a critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. Br J Radiol. 2012;85(1009):1-10. doi: 10.1259/bjr/38447238
  7. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Profil kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Semarang: Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Tengah; 2016.
  8. Dieny FF, Widyastuti N, Fitrianti DY. Sindrom metabolik pada remaja obes: prevalensi dan hubungannya dengan kualitas diet. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2015;12(1):1-11. doi: 10.22146/ijcn.22830
  9. Hamdy O, Mottalib A, Morsi A, El-Sayed N, Goebel-Fabbri A, Zrebiec J, et al. Long-term effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes in real-world clinical practice: a 5-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000259. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000259
  10. Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, Criscimanna A, Vitabile S, Galluzzo A, et al. Visceral adiposity index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920-2. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1825
  11. Amato MC, Giordano C. Adiposity index: an indicator of adipose tissue dysfunction. Int J Endocrinol. 2014;730827. doi: 10.1155/2014/730827
  12. Schuster J, Vogel P, Eckhardt C, Morelo SDB. Applicability of the visceral adiposity index (VAI) in predicting components of metabolic syndrome in young adults. Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(4):806-12. doi: 10.3305/nh.2014.30.4.7644
  13. Chen GP, Qi JC, Wang BY, Lin X, Zhang XB, Lin QC, et al. Applicability of visceral adiposity index in predicting metabolic syndrome in adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a crosssectional study. BMC Pulm Med. 2016;16:37. doi: 10.1186/s12890-016-0198-0
  14. Nusrianto R, Ayundini G, Kristanti M, Astrella C, Amalina N, Soewondo P, et al. Visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Bogor cohort study of non-communicable diseases risk factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;155:107998. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107798
  15. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Johnson CL, et al. 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States: methods and development. Vital Health Stat 11. 2002;246:1-190.
  16. World Health Organization. Waist circumference and waist–hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation [serial online] 2008 [cited…..]. Available from: URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44583/9789241501491_eng.pdf;jsessionid=A02A4E060B4895695F0697F000A1AAD6?sequence=1
  17. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Kaufman F, Tajima N, Silink M, Arslanian S, et al. The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents - an IDF consensus report. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007;8(5):299-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00271.x
  18. Shi P, Goodson JM, Hartman ML, Hasturk H, Yaskell T, Welty F, et al. Continuous metabolic syndrome scores for children using salivary biomarkers. PLoS One. 2015;10(9): e0138979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138979
  19. Okosun IS, Lyn R, Davis-Smith M, Eriksen M, Seale P. Validity of a continuous metabolic risk score as an index for modeling metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20(11):843-51. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.08.001
  20. Villa JKD, e Silva AR, Santos TSS, Ribeiro AQ, Sant’Ana LFDR. Metabolic syndrome risk assessment in children: use of a single score. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(2):187-93. doi: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.11.001
  21. Cavalcanti CB, Barros MV, Menêses AL, Santos CM, Azevedo AM, Guimarães FJ. Abdominal obesity in adolescents: prevalence and association with physical activity and eating habits. Arq Bras Car. 2010;94(3):350-6. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2010000300015
  22. Jackson SL, Zhang Z, Wiltz JL, Loustalot F, Ritchey MD, Goodman AB, et al. Hypertension among youths-United States, 2001–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(27):758-62. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6727a2
  23. Simental-Mendía LE, Hernández-Ronquillo G, Gómez-Díaz R, Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F. The triglycerides and glucose index is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in normal-weight children and adolescents. Pediatr Res. 2017;82(6):920-5. doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.187
  24. Singh N, Parihar RK, Saini G, Mohan SK, Sharma N, Razaq M. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 10-18 years in Jammu, J and K. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013;17(1):133-7. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.107849
  25. Ferreira AP, Ferreira CB, Brito CJ, Pitanga FJ, Moraes CF, de Franca NM, et al. Prediction of metabolic syndrome in children throught antropometric indicators. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(2):121-5. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000005
  26. Després JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation. 2012;126(10):1301-13. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.067264
  27. Ragino YI, Stakhneva EM, Polonskaya YV, Kashtanova EV. The role of secretory activity molecules of visceral adipocytes in abdominal obesity in the development of cardiovascular disease: a review. Biomolecules. 2020;10(3):374. doi: 10.3390/biom10030374
  28. Bozorgmanesh M, Hadaegh F, Azizi F. Predictive performance of the visceral adiposity index for a visceral adiposity-related risk: type 2 diabetes. Lipids Health Dis. 2011;10:88. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-88
  29. Knowles KM, Paiva LL, Sanchez SE, Revilla L, Lopez T, Williams MA, et al. Waist circumference, body mass index, and other measures of adiposity in predicting cardiovascular disease risk factors among Peruvian adults. Int J Hyperten. 2011;2011:931402. doi: 10.4061/2011/931402
  30. Stepien M, Stepien A, Banach M, Wlazel RN, Paradowski M, Rizzo M, et al. New obesity indices and adipokines in normotensive patients and patients with hypertension: comparative pilot analysis. Angiology. 2014;65(4):333-42. doi: 10.1177/0003319713485807
  31. Tchernof A, Despre´s JP. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(1):359-404. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011
  32. Huang CY, Huang HL, Yang KC, Lee LT, Yang WS, Huang KC, et al. Serum triglyceride levels independently contribute to the estimation of visceral fat amount among nondiabetic obese adults. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(23):e965. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000965
  33. Ebbert JO, Jensen MD. Fat depots, free fatty acids, and dyslipidemia. Nutrients. 2013;5(2):498-508. doi: 10.3390/nu5020498



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.51465

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 7603 | views : 6827

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats