Pengaruh suplementasi zink terhadap parameter hematologi atlet sepatu roda setelah latihan endurance

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.27347

Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis Penggalih(1*), Mustika Cahya Nirmala Dewinta(2), Choiri Khumaidah Fikriyah(3), Noni Kustia(4), Assyifatu Rahmah Zada(5), Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro(6), BJ Istiti Kandarina(7)

(1) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(2) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(3) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(4) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(5) Departemen Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(6) Bagian Ilmu Fisiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(7) Program Studi Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Background: In sports such as roller skates, endurance can lead to increased inflammation and muscle cell damage, free radical formation, and zinc excretion from sweat and urine that affect the increased redistribution of zinc from blood to tissue. This mechanism causes a decrease in blood zinc levels, erythrocyte numbers and hemoglobin concentrations, increased leukocyte counts and the body’s oxidative stress parameters that have an impact on the athlete’s performance decline. Zinc supplementation may be given to maintain the athlete’s hematologic parameters during endurance exercise.

Objectives: To examine the effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc level, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and blood MDA level of skate athletes after endurance exercise.

Method: This study was an experimental clinical trial using pre and post-test designs on 8 athletes incorporated in the pre-PON DIY Wheels Team. The study was conducted in two periods, one week of endurance exercise without zinc supplementation and one week of endurance exercise with 30 mg/d of zinc supplementation. Blood sampling was performed on the seventh day of each period, before and after endurance training.

Results: There was a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin concentration, and a significant increase in leukocyte count after endurance training in both periods (p<0.05), but no significant difference in serum zinc levels and malondialdehid (MDA) levels after endurance training in both periods (p>0.05). Although there were no significant differences in all athlete hematologic parameters between two treatments (p>0.05), there was an improvement in serum zinc levels, hemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte, and leukocyte counts.

Conclusion: Zinc supplementation 30 mg/day for one week did not have a significant effect on the athlete’s hematology parameters after endurance exercise.


Keywords


endurance training; hematological parameters; zinc supplementation

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Calle MC, Maria LF. Effects of resistance training on inflammatory response. Nutr Res Pract. 2010;4(4):259-69. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.4.259
  2. Ferrari HG, Gobatto CA, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Training load, immune system, upper respiratory symptoms and performance in well-trained cyclist throughout a competitive season. Biol Sport. 2013;30(4):289-94. doi: 10.5604/20831862.1077555
  3. Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;103(2):693-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2007
  4. Khaled S, Brun JF, Cassanas G, Bardet L, Orsetti A. Effects of zinc supplementation on blood rheology during exercise. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1999;20(1):1-10.
  5. Chu A, Samman S. Zinc homeostasis in exercise: implications for physical performance. Vitam Miner. 2014;3:e132. doi:10.4172/vms.1000e132
  6. Driskell JA, Wollinsky Ira. Sports nutrition: vitamins and trace elements. USA: CRC Press; 2006.
  7. Meamarbashi Abbas, Ali Rajabi. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test revealed protective effects of supplementation with saffron and cinnamon on the red blood cell membrane. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Science; 2013:322-6.
  8. Mirbaurl H. Red blood cells in sports: effects of exercise and training on oxygen supply by red blood cells. Front Physiol. 2013;4:332. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00332.
  9. de Oliveira EP, Burini RC. The impact of physical exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(5):533-8. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832e6776.
  10. Prasad AS. Zinc is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent: its role in human health. Front Nutr. 2014;1:14. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00014.
  11. Ozturk A, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Oztekin E, Sivrikaya A, Kul A, et al. Effects of zinc deficiency and supplementation on malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in blood and tissues of rats performing swimming exercise. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003;94(2):157-66. doi: 10.1385/BTER:94:2:157
  12. de Oliveira KJF, Donangelo CM, de Oliveira AV Jr., da Silveira CL, Koury JC. Effects of zinc supplementation on the antioxidant, copper, and iron status of physically active adolescents. Cell Biochem Funct. 2009;27(3):162-6. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1550.
  13. Polat Y. Effects of zinc supplementation on hematological parameters of high performance athletes. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011;5(12):1436-40. doi: 10.5897/AJPP11.062
  14. Sastroasmoro S, Sofyan I. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis edisi ke-4. Jakarta: CV Sagung Seto; 2011.
  15. Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG). Tabel angka kecukupan gizi bagi bangsa Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 75 Tahun 2013.
  16. International Zinc Consultant Group. Assessing population zinc status with serum zinc concentration: Technical Brief 2; 2007.
  17. Micheletti A, Rossi R, Ruffini S. Zinc status in athlete: relation to diet and exercise. Sports Med. 2001;31(8):557-82. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200131080-00002
  18. Lukaski HC. Magnesium, zinc, and chromium nutriture and physical activity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(2 Suppl):585S-93S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.2.585S.
  19. Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanism and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. 2008;88(4):1243-76. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007.
  20. Seet RC, Lee CY, Lim EC, Quek AM, Huang H, Halliwell B, et al. Oral zinc supplementation does not improve oxidative stress or vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes with normal zinc levels. Atherosclerosis. 2011;219(1):231-9. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.097.
  21. Benardot D. Advanced sports nutrition, 2nd Edition. UK: Human Kinetics; 2012.
  22. Pingitore A, Lima GP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Lervasi G, Vassalle C. Exercise and oxidative stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition. 2015;31(7-8):916-22. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.005.
  23. Souza TP, Oliveira PR, dan Pereira Benedito. Physical exercise and oxidative stress effect of intense physical exercise on the urinary chemiluminescence and plasmatic malondialdehyde. Rev Bras Med Esporte; 2005(11): 97-10. doi: 10.1590/S1517-86922005000100010
  24. Cooper K. Antioxidant revolution. Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers; 2000.
  25. Manore MM, Halleksen JM, Merkel J, Skinner JS. Longitudinal changes in zinc status in untrained men: effects of two different 12 weeks exercise training program and zinc supplementation. J Am Diet Assoc. 1993;93(10):1165-8.
  26. Lukaski HC. Zinc dalam Sports nutrition: vitamin and trace minerals; second edition. Driskell JA, Wolinsky I, editor. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006.
  27. Nriagu J. Zinc toxicity in humans. University of Michigan: Elsevier B.V; 2007.
  28. Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Leon AS, et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(9 Suppl):S498-504.
  29. Nikolaidis MG, Protosygellou MD, Petridou A, Tsalis G, Tsigilis N, Mougios V. Hematologic and biochemical profile of juvenile and adult athletes of both sexes: implications for clinical evaluation. Int J Sports Med. 2003;24(7):506-11. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42014.



DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.27347

Article Metrics

Abstract views : 2746 | views : 3878

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2018 Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia (JGKI) Indexed by:
 
  

  free web stats View My Stats