Perbedaan asupan mikronutrien pada lansia penderita hipertensi esensial yang overweight dan tidak overweight

Catur Saptaning Wilujeng; Wasilah Rochmah; Susetyowati Susetyowati

doi:10.22146/ijcn.18840

Perbedaan asupan mikronutrien pada lansia penderita hipertensi esensial yang overweight dan tidak overweight

https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18840

Catur Saptaning Wilujeng^(1*), Wasilah Rochmah⁽²⁾, Susetyowati Susetyowati⁽³⁾

(1) Program Studi Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang
(2) Klinik Pelayanan Kesehatan Khusus Lansia Griya Sehat Lansia Yogyakarta
(3) Program Studi Gizi Kesehatan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Background: Hypertension in overweight elderly is a crucial problem considering that its pathogenesis, disease pattern and management are not entirely the same with hypertension in young adults. Hypertension in overweight elderly requires particular attention because it is closely associated with overall management (medical and nutritional).

Objective: To study different intake of micronutrients, i.e. natrium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at Griya Sehat Lansia (GSL) Yogyakarta.

Method: The study was analytical with case control study design. Samples were as many as 138 elderly of 60-75 years old taken using multistage sampling technique. Data of intake Na, K, Ca, Mg were obtained through semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); essential hypertension through assessment of blood pressure using sphygmomanometer; overweight and non overweight status through body mass index (BMI), BMI for overweight was 23-24.9 kg/m2 and non-overweight was 18.50-22.99 kg/m2. Statistical analysis used paired t test, Chi-Square and logistic regression.

Results: There were differences in intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg between overweight and non overweight elderly (p<0.05). There were significant association (p<0.05) between intake of Na, K, Ca, and Mg of overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension, with OR 5.271; 6.813; 3.398 and 3.444. Intake of Na and K were variables most significantly associated with overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension (p<0.05).

Conclusion: There were significant differences in intake of micronutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg) between overweight and non overweight elderly with essential hypertension at GSL Yogyakarta.

Keywords

micronutrients; essential hypertension; elderly; overweight

Full Text:

PDF

References

Darmojo B, Martono H, Pranarka K. Buku ajar geriatri (ilmu kesehatan usia lanjut). Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2010.

Badan Penelitian Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Indonesia – tahun 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2008.

Riyadi A, Wiyono P, Budiningsari RD. Asupan gizi dan status gizi sebagai faktor risiko hipertensi esensial pada lansia di Puskesmas Curup dan Perumnas Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 2007;4(1):43-51.

Hu G, Tian H. A Comparison of dietary and non-dietary factors of hypertension and normal blood pressure in a Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15(7):487-93.

Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-dasar metodologi penelitian klinis. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara; 1995.

Institute of Medicine. Blood pressure: policy – sodium. Institute of Medicine: Canada; 2003.

Widya Karya Pangan Nasional Pangan dan Gizi Ke-7. Angka kecukupan gizi tahun 2004 bagi orang Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Primamedia Pustaka; 2006.

Inoue S, Zimmet P, Caterson I, Chunming C, Ikeda Y, Khalid AK, Kim YS, Basset J. The Asia-Pasific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. Australia: Health Communication; 2000.

JNC VII: The seventh report of the joint committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. NIH Publication No. 04-5230; 2004.

WHO. Pengendalian hipertensi: laporan komisi pakar WHO. Bandung: Penerbit ITB; 2001.

Lee JS, Park J, Kim J. Dietary factors related to hypertension risk in Korea adults-data from the Korean national health and nutrition examination survey III. Nutr Res Pract 2011;5(1);60-5.

He K, Zhao L, Daviglus ML, Dyer AR, Horn LV, Garside D, Zhu L, Guo D, Wu Y, Zhou B, Stamler J. Association of monosodium glutamate intake with overweight in Chinese adults: the INTERMAP Study. Obesity 2008;16(8):1875-80.

Zhao L, Stmaler J, Yan LL, Zhou B, Wu Y, Liu K, Daviglus ML, Dennis BH, Elliott P, Ueshima H, Yang J, Zhu L, Guo D. Blood pressure differences between northern and southern Chinese: role of dietary factors: the international study on macronutrients and blood pressure. Hypertension 2004;43:1332-7.

Muhammadun. Hidup bersama hipertensi. Yogyakarta: In-Books; 2010.

Santos A, Martins MJ, Guimaraes JT, Severo M, Azevedo I. Sodium-rich carbonated natural mineral water ingestion and blood pressure. Rev Port Cardiol 2010;29(2):159-72.

Almatsier S. Gizi seimbang untuk usia tua di dalam hidup sehat gizi seimbang dalam siklus kehidupan manusia. Soekirman, Susana H, Giarno MH, Lestari Y, editor. Jakarta: PT Primamedia Pustaka Anggota IKAPI; 2006.

Papanikolaou Y, Fulgoni VL. Bean consumption is associated with greater nutrient intake, reduced systolic blood pressure, lower body weight, and a smaller waist circumference in adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. J Am Coll Nutr 2008;27(5):569-76.

Dicker D, Belnic Y, Goldsmith R, Kaluski DN. Relationship between dietary calcium intake, body mass index, and waist circumference in MABAT-the Israeli National Health and Nutrition Study. Isr Med Assoc J 2008;10(7):512-5.

Almatsier S. Prinsip-prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia; 2003.

Beydoun MA, Gary TL, Caballero BH, Lawrence RS, Cheskin LJ, Wang Y. Ethnic differences in diary and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(6):1914-25.

Kamso S, Rumawas J, Lukito W, Purwantyastuti. Determinants of blood pressure among indonesian elderly individuals who are of normal and over-weight: a cross sectional study in urban population. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007;16(3):546-53.

Dyer AR, Elliott P, Shipley M, Stamler R, StamlernJ. Body mass index and associations of sodium and potassium with blood pressure in INTERSALT. Hypertension 1994;23(6 Pt 1):729-36.

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 75 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia; 2013.

Tejasari, Suwardiyanto A, Ningtyas FW. Pengaruh positif formula garam multimineral (MM) pada penderita hipertensi. Gizi Indon 2013;36(1):27-36.

Anonim. Data statistik Indonesia tentang estimasi angka harapan hidup menurut provinsi. [series online] 2010 [cited 2010 Okt 16]. Available from: URL: http://www.datastatistikindonesia.com/portal/index.php

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18840